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Gender
ln American society before, males and females have different iypes of socialization. Until recently,
males took for granted that they were to be the primary wage earner and ere to assume overall
responsibility tor tne family's financial slability. Female were traditionally discourage'to pursue higher
education or enter into a Career. Despite of the changes, opportunities given to the females are still not
equal to those of males. According to research, the younger the female at the age of marriage, the lower
the probability of gaining upward mobility, but marrying into a social class higher than their own can give
them another opportunity.
Education
An individual's education is positively conelated with the income that he is likely to earn. Education
provides an individual with the skills necessary to enter the job market and to compete against other for a
particular job.
Social Change
Social change brings improvement in every aspect of life- social, political, educational and
economic. This will lead to change in social status and position of an individual which is social mobility.
Urbanization and I ndustrialization
Sociologist have found that preindustrial and agricultural societies to have closed stratification
system. Typically, individuals in rural societies will occupy the same social status throughout their lives.
Status is based on ascription. On the other hand, individuals in urbanized and industrialized areas where
slalus is most likely based on achievement usually have the opportunity to move from one social class to
another.
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