Report of Drilling Results-Sheno BH03b

SHENO TOWN WATER SUPPLY AND
SANITATION PROJECT
_____
WATER WELL DRILLING FOR THE WATER

SUPPLY OF SHENO TOWN
SHENO TOWN BOREHOLE NO.3 (BH-03b)
DRILLING RESULTS REPORT
Client: Oromia Water, Energy & Mineral

Resources Development Bureau
Contractor: GTB Engineering in JV with EMU General
Importer PLC and TAM Geo-Engineering
PLC
Supervisor: A Consortium of Salomon and YGRY
Consulting Engineers PLC
October 2016
TAM GEO-ENGINEERING PLC.

Tel. 251-(0)911211792 (0)911517411/12 P.O.Box 4661, e-mail tam-geo@ethionet.et
Sheno Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project Water well Drilling Results Report
Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. 1

1 GENERAL BACKGROUND ..................................................................................... 3
1.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE WORK AREA ........................................................................... 3
1.2 GEOLOGY ................................................................................................................ 5
2 DRILLING RESULTS ................................................................................................ 6
2.1 DRILLED GEOLOGICAL FORMATION ....................................................................... 6
2.1.1 Well Casings and Screens .................................................................................. 7
2.2 TEST PUMPING ........................................................................................................ 8
2.2.1 Test Pumping of Sheno BH-03b ......................................................................... 8
2.2.2 Provisional Test Pumping Sheno BH-03b ......................................................... 8
2.2.3 Step Drawdown Test Sheno BH-03b .................................................................. 9
2.2.4 Constant Discharge Test Sheno BH-03b ......................................................... 11
2.2.5 Recommended pumping rate and pump position Sheno BH-03b..................... 14
2.2.6 Water quality Sheno BH-03b ........................................................................... 16
3 CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION ............................................................ 17
3.1 CONCLUSION......................................................................................................... 17
3.2 RECOMMENDATION............................................................................................... 18
List of Tables
TABLE 0:1.SUMMARY OF TEST DRILLING RESULTS AT SHENOBH-02 .................................................................................. 1
TABLE 0:2. SUMMARY OF PUMP TEST RESULT ............................................................................................................... 1
TABLE 1:1. LOCATION OF SHENO TOWN BOREHOLES...................................................................................................... 3
TABLE 2:1. FORMATIONS DRILLED AT SHENO BH-03B .................................................................................................... 6
TABLE 2:2. SUMMARY OF WELL CONSTRUCTION FOR SHENO BH-03B............................................................................... 8
TABLE 2:3 SHENOBH-03B SUMMARY STEP TEST RESULT ................................................................................................ 9
TABLE 2:4. STEP DRAWDOWN TEST RESULT SHENOBH-03B .......................................................................................... 11
TABLE 2:5 SUMMARY OF CONSTANT TEST RESULT OF SHENOBH-02FOR THE FIRST AND SECOND TEST .................................. 14
TABLE 3:1.SUMMARY OF TEST DRILLING RESULTS AT SHENOBH-03B .............................................................................. 17
TABLE 3:2. SUMMARY OF PUMP TEST RESULT OF SHENO BH03B .................................................................................... 17
List of Figures
FIGURE 1. LOCATION OF BOREHOLES IN SHENO ............................................................................................................. 4
FIGURE 2. SHENOBH-03B THE FIRST STEP DRAWDOWN TEST RESULT EACH STEP LASTED ONE HOUR ...................................... 10
3
FIGURE 3. SHENOBH-03B STEP DRAW-DOWN (M) VERSUS DISCHARGE (M /DAY) ............................................................. 10
FIGURE 4. SHENOBH-03B HANTUSH-BIERSCHENK WELL LOSS ....................................................................................... 11
FIGURE 5. SHENOBH-03B SEMI-LOGARITHMIC TIME DRAWDOWN PLOT OF CONSTANT DISCHARGE TEST T .............................. 12
FIGURE 6. SHENOBH-03B LOGARITHMIC TIME DRAWDOWN PLOT OF CONSTANT DISCHARGE TEST......................................... 12
FIGURE 7. SHENOBH-03B RESULTS FROM COOPER JACOB TIME DRAWDOWN METHOD....................................................... 13
FIGURE 8. SHENOBH-03B RESULTS FROM THEIS RECOVERY ANALYSIS METHOD ................................................................. 14
FIGURE 9. SHENOBH-03B WELL DEPTH VS PUMPING RATE. DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL FOR DIFFERENT PUMPING RATES.............. 15
Tel. 251-(0)911211792 251-(0)911517411-(0)911517412, P.O.Box 4661, e-mail tam-geo@ethionet.et

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APPENDICES
APPENDIX A – PROFILE OF WELLS COMPLETED WITH CASING
APPENDIX B – TEST PUMPING DATA
APPENDIX C – WATER QUALITY TEST LABORATORY RESULT

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Sheno Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project included drilling and test pumping
of four boreholes for Sheno Town (three boreholes) & Hamus Gebeya (one Borehole) in
Oromia Regional State in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Sheno BH03b is
the borehole drilled as part of this program.
At Sheno BH03b the drilling commenced on May 16 2016 and completed on October 15,
2016.
The borehole is drilled to a depth of 156 m. The well has been drilled with a diameter of
17 ½ inches for surface casing and 12 ¼ inches diameter for the main drilling. In this well
production casings of uPVC casings and screens of heavy duty type with 13mm wall
thickness with outside diameter of 225mm and inner diameter 199mmm are installed.
The annular space has been packed with gravel until sufficient length above the top of
screen. The remaining part is filled with inert material and grouted with cement.
Table 0:1.Summary of test drilling Results at ShenoBH-02

BH No Drilled Casing Casing
Depth Depth (m) inner Dia.
(m) (mm) 1st Screen 2nd Screen 3rd Screen
BH03b 156 156.8 199 58.76 – 64.48 75.92 – 104.52 133.12 – 144.56
The aquifer materials are volcanic rocks mainly weathered and fractured basalt with
different lava flow structures and weathered tuff. The aquifer is confined aquifer with
combination of fracture porosity and porosity resulting from lava flow structures.
The test pumping result shows that the wells have good yield. BH03b is pumped with
discharge rate of 10 l/s for 72 hours and the resulting drawdown was about 73.2m. The
aquifer has moderate Transmissivity and the value is about 17 m2/day.
Table 0:2. Summary of pump test result

Test Draw Specific Transmissivity
Constant Duration SWL DWL Down capacity (m2/day)
test (l/s) (hrs) (m) (m) (m) (m2/day)
10 72 3.2 76.41 73.21 11.8 17.5

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The chemical quality of the groundwater is within the allowable limits of the WHO and
the Ethiopian Standard Agency guidelines.
Based on the pumping test analysis result and the well construction it is recommended to
pump this well up to 8 l/s with pump position at about 110m. The temperature of the
water is less than 15oC, thus a normal cold-water submersible pumps recommended.

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1 GENERAL BACKGROUND
Sheno Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project included drilling of 4 boreholes (three
boreholes for Seno Town and one borehole for Hamus Gebeya Satellite village). The
work included drilling with 17 ½ inch diameter for surface casing, installation of 14
inches surface casing and drilling with 12 ¼ inch diameter and installation of 8 inches
uPVC casings screens in accordance to the specification. This report includes the drilling
and testing results for Sheno Town borehole number three (BH-03b).
At Sheno BH03b the drilling commenced on May 5th 2016 and completed on 15th
October, 2016.
1.1 Description of the work area

The drilling sites are situated in Oromia Region North Shewa Zone around Sheno Town.
Sheno Town is located at about 80km from Addis Ababa, whereas the drilling sites are
situated 5.7 km north of Sheno town by the main road to Deneba and around Hago
Stream which is tributary of Robi River. The area is situated within the Abay (Blue Nile)
river catchment in western plateau near the shoulder of the Main Ethiopian Rift Valley
around the water divide between Awash and Abay (Blue Nile) rivers. Robi River is one
of the tributaries of Jemma River which is one of the main sub catchment that contributes
to the Abay (Blue Nile) river from the Shewa plateaus. The location of the boreholes is
shown on the following table and the map in figure 1.
Table 1:1. Location of Sheno Town Boreholes

BH No Coordinate (WGS84) Altitude (m)
Sheno BH01 529795 1036190 2832
Sheno BH02 530322 1036452 2827
Sheno BH03a 530724 1036661 2833
Sheno BH03b 529268 1035982 2814

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Figure 1. Location of Boreholes in Sheno

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1.2 Geology
The rocks exposed in the drilling area are basalts and sometimes weathered ignimbrites
and tuffs. The basalts as per the Geological Map of Debereberhan (Geological Survey of
Ethiopia 2010) belong to the Tarmaber-Megezez Basalt which is dominantly exposed on
the western ( Wenoda, Sendafa and Megezez) and north central ( Debre Sina, Termaber
and Ankober) part of the plateau. Termaber-Megezez basalt includes fine, medium to
coarse grained, dark gray (fresh color) to light/reddish/dark/yellowish brown (weathering
color) and aphanitic to porphyritic basalts. It is characterized by different phases of
basaltic flows separated by randomly exposed reddish palaeosols and reddish brown
scoriaceous basalts (0.5-8mt thick) (Daniel Meshesha, Dejene Hailemariam And Abrham
Mamo, Geological Survey of Ethiopia, 2010).
The ignimbrites and tuff belong to the Sela Dingay-Debreberhan-Gorgo Ignimbrites

which comprises ignimbrite, rhyolite, Tertiary sediment, tuffaceous sediment, aphanitic
basalt, agglomerate and ash. Sela Dengay-Debre Birhan-Gorgo ignimbrite is exposed
mainly at Sela Dengay, Sefi Beret, Debre Birhan, Ankober, Aliyu Amba, Gorgo,
Shembeko Ber, Alem Gebaya and Sendafa localities with sharp contacts with the
overlying (Tarmaber- Megezez,) and underlying (Kesem) basalts (Daniel Meshesha,
Dejene Hailemariam And Abrham Mamo, Geological Survey of Ethiopia, 2010). The
Kesem basalt is encountered in the drilled boreholes below about 100m depth. This basalt
as per the geological map described as strongly fractured, irregularly to columnarly
jointed, spheroidally weathered, aphanitic to porphyritic in texture consisting of
dominantly aphanitic basalt intercalated with plagioclase phyric basalts and thin beds of
ignimbrite. However, the drilling results indicate this basalt is less fractured very hard
dominantly porphyritic.

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2 DRILLING RESULTS
The borehole was drilled to a depth of 156 m below ground surface. The top 22m was
drilled with 17 ½ inches for installation of 14 inches surface casing. The remaining depth
was drilled with 12 ¼ inches diameter.
2.1 Drilled Geological Formation

The major geological formation penetrated is highly weathered tuff and ash (up to 38m
depth) followed by ignimbrite (38m to 80m), scoria (80m to 90m), weathered basalt (90m
to 104 m) and hard and porphyritic basalt up to 156 m.The major drilling problem was
collapse of formations between 80 m and 102m that resulted in stucking of tools. Because
of this drilling could not be continued with DTH method and from 117m the drilling
continued with mud circulation using tungsten carbide bit. Sinse the basalt is fresh and
hard the drilling rate was very slow in most cases less than a meter per day. As a result
the drilling took long time to reach 156m depth. The aquifer in this well is mainly as a
result of fractured and weathered ignimbrite and the scoria deposits with some weathered
and fractured basalt layers.
Upon completion of the drilling, electrical logging was done using Terrameter SAS-300C
in order to complement the lithological logs. The electrical logging result shows distinct
difference in the resistivity of the weathered and fractured volcanic rocks and the fresh
volcanic rock zones. The fresh ignimbrite 38m to 56m, 60m to 75m and the basalt 100m
to 138m, 142m to 156m have shown higher resistivity values. The following table shows
the lithological logging result based on recovered samples and electrical logging.
Table 2:1. Formations drilled at Sheno BH-03b

Geologic Log
Depth (m) Geology Geologic Description
From To
0m 8m Clay:- Greyish clay derived from weathered tuff
8m 22m Tuff:- Pumiceous tuff extremely weathered
22m 38m Clay:- Brown clay with rock fragments derived from weathered
tuff/ash
38m 46 m Ignimbrite:- Weathered Ignimbrite
Volcanic
46m 52 m Ignimbrite:- Fresh Ignimbrite
52 m 60 m Ignimbrite:- Fractured Ignimbrite
60 m 66 m Ignimbrite:- Weathered and Fractured Ignimbrite
66 m 70 m Ignimbrite:- Fresh Fractured Ignimbrite
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Geologic Log
Depth (m) Geology Geologic Description
From To
70 m 80 m Ignimbrite:- Fresh Ignimbrite
80 m 90 m Scoria:- reworked / re-deposited scoria layer with gravel size
grains rounded to sub-rounded
90 m 92 m Basalt:- weathered basalt
92 m 98 m Basalt:- weathered and fractured basalt
98 m 102 m Basalt:- highly weathered scoriaceous basalt
102 m 104m Basalt:- weathered basalt
104 m 116 m Basalt:- Fractured slightly weathered basalt
116 m 120 m Basalt:- slightly weathered basalt
120 m 128 m Basalt:- fresh basalt
128 m 134 m Basalt:- slightly weathered basalt
138 m 143 m Basalt:- slightly weathered and fractured basalt
2.1.1 Well Casings and Screens
The whole depth (156m) is lined with uPVC heavy duty casings and screens with
nominal diameter of 8 inches. The screens are slotted with 2-mm slot size. The heavy
duty casing has 225mm outside and 199mm inner diameter with wall thickness of 13mm.
Observation pipe of ¾ inches GS pipe installed up to the depth of 102 m. A steel surface
casing of 22.8 m length and 14 inches diameter installed in the well (22 m below ground
and 0.8 m above ground)
Screens are installed adjacent to anticipated aquifers based on the results of lithological
log, electrical log and drilling observations. The first screens installed between 58.76m
and 64.48m, where there is minor aquifer in fractured Ignimbrite. The second screen
location is between 75.92 ma and 104.52m. This is the major aquifer zone where the
major water was struck during drilling and it is composed of scoria, weathered
scoriaceous basalt and fractured ignimbrite. The major water bearing zone the scoria and
weathered scoriaceous basalt. There is very small aquifer in fractures of basalt and thus
screens are installed between 133.12 m and 144.56m

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Rounded river gravel of basaltic origin has been emplaced in annular space up to 10m
below ground. A total of 12 m3 gravel has been used. After the emplacement of gravel,
the well has been developed with compressed air for 16 hours using Ingersoll-Rand (IR)
compressor of capacity 25 bar.
The annular space has been grouted for 10m below the ground surface and above the
gravel level. Finally a wellhead of 1 m by 1 m by 0.75 m is constructed around the 14
inches surface casing. The details of casing and screen positions are provided in the
following table.
Table 2:2. Summary of Well Construction for Sheno BH-03b

Item From (m) To (m) Total (m) Diameter
in inch
1. Drilling 0 22 22 17 ½
22 156 178.7 12 ¼
2. Steel Surface Casing +0.8 22 22.8 14
3. uPVC heavy duty 13mm thick Blind Total (m) Diameter
Casing installed From (m) To (m) in inch
+0.7 58.76 59.46 8
64.48 75.92 11.44 8
104.52 133.12 28.6 8
144.56 156 11.44 8
Total blind Casing 110.94
Screen Diameter
Total (m) in inches
From (m) To (m)
4. uPVC heavy duty 13mm thick 5.72 8
screens installed 58.76 64.48
75.92 104.52 28.6 8
133.12 144.56 11.44 8
Total Screen Casing 45.76m
5. Observation pipe +0.7 101.3 ¾
2.2 Test Pumping

2.2.1 Test Pumping of Sheno BH-03b
The first test pumping was conducted between 10/10/2016 and 15/10/2016 using 400
KVA generator, 55kw and 22 KW submersible pumps, 3 inches riser pipe, 90o weir
(V-notch), stopwatch and water level measuring tape (deep-meter).
2.2.2 Provisional Test Pumping Sheno BH-03b

Before starting the proper pumping test, provisional test was conducted on the well to
estimate the well yield, to check the draw down, and to decide on the pump position
and the type of pumping test to be conducted.
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The preliminary test was carried out with 12.5 l/s for three hours with the pump intake
situated at 106.72 m depth below the top of casing, which was 0.93m above ground
level. The static water level at the beginning of the test has been measured 2.61 m
from the same reference point. At the end of the test the pumping level reached 66.56
m. The provisional test indicated that to keep the drawdown within reasonable range
the step test to be at lower discharge rate.
2.2.3 Step Drawdown Test Sheno BH-03b

Based on the result obtained from provisional pumping test, Step drawdown test was
carried out to determine some characteristics of the well such as well performance,
well efficiency, specific capacity of the well, to calculate aquifer and well loss and to
determine a suitable discharge rate for the constant discharge test. In the step test was
conducted for a total of four hours and consisted of four steps, where each step lasted
for one hour.
The well was pumped successively with 6 l/s, 8 l/s, 10 l/s and 12 l/s by positioning the
pump at a depth of 106.72 m below the reference point. The total draw down of the
step-wise test was 17.9 m, 31.33 m, 44.98 m and 62.67 m respectively. With the
increase of discharge from 6 l/s to 12 l/s the specific capacity of the well has declined
by 43%.
Table 2:3 ShenoBH-03b summary step test result

l/s m3/day DD l/s/m m2/day SC %
6 518.4 17.9 0.34 28.96 100%
8 691.2 31.33 0.26 22.06 76%
10 864 44.98 0.22 19.21 66%
12 1036.8 62.67 0.19 16.54 57%

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Time (min)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
0.00
6 l/s
10.00
20.00 8 l/s
DD (m)
30.00
10 l/s
40.00
50.00
12 l/s
60.00
70.00
Figure 2. ShenoBH-03b the first Step Drawdown test result each step lasted one hour
Sheno BH03b(Drawdown Vs Discharge)

70.00
60.00
Draw Down (m)
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
500.00 600.00 700.00 800.00 900.00 1,000.00 1,100.00 1,200.00
Qn (m3/d)
Figure 3. ShenoBH-03b Step Draw-Down (m) versus discharge (m3/day)
The step test result is analysed using the following conventional method;
s = BQ + CQ2
Where s = Drawdown
B = Aquifer loss (d/m2)
C = Well loss coefficient
Q = Discharge (m3/d)
Well efficiency = 100*BQ / (BQ+CQ2)

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The result shows that the major drawdown in the well is as a result of the aquifer loss.
The results of the step test are shown in the following tables and figures.
Table 2:4. Step Drawdown test result ShenoBH-03b

Specific
DD, Specific Draw Swn =
Qn Sw Capacity down B*Qn + 100*BQn /
(l/s) Qn (m3/d) (m) (m2/d) Sw/Qn (d/m2) B (d/m2) C B*Qn CQn2 CQn
2
(BQ+CQn2)
6 518.40 17.90 28.96 0.03 4.42E-02 9.98E-06 22.91 2.68 25.60 89.52
8 691.20 31.33 22.06 0.05 4.42E-02 9.98E-06 30.55 4.77 35.32 86.50
10 864.00 44.98 19.21 0.05 4.42E-02 9.98E-06 38.19 7.45 45.64 83.68
12 1,036.80 62.67 16.54 0.06 4.42E-02 9.98E-06 45.83 10.73 56.55 81.03
Figure 4. ShenoBH-03b Hantush-Bierschenk Well Loss
2.2.4 Constant Discharge Test Sheno BH-03b
72 hours constant rate test was carried out at the same pumping position and discharge
rate of 10 l/s both for the first and repeated test.
The water level for the first test at the beginning of the test was 3.2 m. During the
pumping period the maximum drawdown attained was 73.21 m. The recovery of the
well was very fast and 99% recovered within 12 hours duration.
The aquifers are confined and situated within the volcanic rock formation at three
different locations and screens are installed at these locations. The time-drawdown curve
shows fast drawdown in the first 18 minutes and then after gradual increase. Within this
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time the water level drawdown was about 49m. Whereas in the remaining 4302 minutes
the water level only declined by 24 m. The first 18 minutes mainly signify well storage
and in addition a confined fracture aquifer with small yield and higher water level
contributing initially to the main aquifer.
Sheno BH03b (Time-DD plot of constant discharge test)
Time (min)
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
DD (m)
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
Figure 5. ShenoBH-03b Semi-Logarithmic time drawdown plot of constant discharge test t
Sheno Bh03b (Time-DD plot of constant discharge test)

100.00
DD (m)
10.00
1.00
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
Time (min)
Figure 6. ShenoBH-03b Logarithmic time drawdown plot of constant discharge test

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The specific capacity of the well is about 11.8m2/day. The transmissivity (m2/day) of the
aquifer has been calculated using Cooper-Jacob time-drawdown method and the Theis
recovery methods; where,
T = 0.183*Q/Δs ----------- (for Drawdown)
T = 0.183*Q/Δs’ ---------- (for Recovery)
Where T = Transmissivity (m2/day)
Q = Pumping rate (m3/day)
Δs = Drawdown difference per log cycle (m) time-drawdown graph
Δs’ = Drawdown difference per log cycle (m) of recovery graph
The transmissivity of the aquifer is about 17m2/day. The results are shown on the
following figures. The summary of the test result is shown in the following table.
Figure 7. ShenoBH-03b results from Cooper Jacob Time drawdown method

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Figure 8. ShenoBH-03b results from Theis Recovery analysis method

Table 2:5 Summary of Constant Test Result of ShenoBH-02for the first and second test
Parameters Values
Pumping rate (m3/day) 864
Pumping test length (hrs) 72
Static Water Level Below ground (m) 3.2
Pumping water level (m) 76.41
Drawdown (m) 73.21
Specific Capacity (M3/day/m) 11.80
Transmissivity from time drawdown plot (m2/d) 17.0
Transmissivity from constant rate pumping recovery (m2/d) 18.0
Average transmissivity of aquifer (m2/d) 17.5
Hydraulic Conductivity m/d (Transmissivity divided by screen length) 0.38
2.2.5 Recommended pumping rate and pump position Sheno BH-03b
The well was test pumped for 72 hours at 10 l/s and has 73.21 m of drawdown. The
static water level before commencement of test was at 3.2 m and dynamic water level
for 10 l/s pumping was at 76.41m. The first screen in this well is between 58 m & 64
m, and the second screen between 75 m and 104 m. The water level has already
exposed the 1st screen and started the second screen position. During 24 hours
pumping the water level was at 69.9 m, and it took 48 hours to reach 76.41m at the
end of 72 hours. This indicates that the major aquifer contributing to the well is the

P a g e | 14
one between 75 m and 104m and this part of the aquifer is capable to sustain 10 l/s of
pumping. If it was steel screen, it was not allowable to expose the screen as it can be
susceptible for oxidation. Since in this well the screens are made of uPVC the
exposure of the screens will not have impact on the casing except for decrease in the
contribution of the aquifer. As the pumping result show the contribution of the aquifer
in the upper screen is not significant. Thus, from the pumping test analysis taking into
account the specific capacity 0.14 l/s/m and dynamic water level 70 m it is
recommended to pump this well up to 8 l/s with pump position at about 110m.
The temperature of the water measured at the site range between 14oC. The normal
operating range of cold water pumps is up to 40oC.
Q (l/s)
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
0.00
10.00 Recommended
20.00 pumping rate
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
Wel Depth (m)
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
110.00 1st screen
120.00 2nd screen
130.00
140.00
150.00 3rd screen
160.00
Step Test Constant Test
Figure 9. ShenoBH-03b Well depth Vs pumping rate. Depth to Water level for different
pumping rates

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2.2.6 Water quality Sheno BH-03b
For the purpose of checking changes in water quality characteristic the electrical
conductivity (EC), pH and temperature and fluoride has been monitored throughout the
pumping test. The EC value range between 368 μS/cm and 406 μS/cm. The pH varies
between 6.6 and 7.1 and the temperature between 14 oC and 18.1 oC. The fluoride content
is less than 0.5mg/l.

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3 CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION

3.1 Conclusion
The depth of the well below ground where casing is installed is 156 m. The well has been
drilled with a diameter 17 ½ inches (444.5mm) diameter for surface casing and 12 ¼
inches (311mm) diameter for the well casing. Well casings and screens are made of
heavy duty uPVC with nominal diameter of 8 inches and wall thickness of 13mm. After
installation of casing the annular space has been packed with gravel up to 10 m below
ground. The remaining part is grouted with cement.
Table 3:1.Summary of test drilling Results at ShenoBH-03b

BH No Drilled Casing Casing
Depth (m) Depth (m) inner Dia.
(mm) 1st Screen 2nd Screen 3rd Screen
BH03b 156 156 199 58.76 – 64.48 75.92 – 104.52 133.12 – 144.56
Adjacent to the first screen there is minor aquifer in fractured Ignimbrite. Adjacent to the
second screen is the major aquifer zone, where the major water was struck during drilling
in scoria, weathered scoriaceous basalt and fractured ignimbrite. The major water bearing
zone the scoria and weathered scoriaceous basalt. There is very small aquifer in fractures
of basalt and screens are installed between 133.12 m and 144.56m.
The test pumping result shows that the wells have good yield. BH03b is pumped with
discharge rate of 10 l/s for 72 hours and the resulting drawdown was 73 m. During 24
hours pumping the water level was at 69.9 m, and it took 48 hours to reach 76.41m at the
end of 72 hours, indicating that the major aquifer contributing to the well is the one
between 75 m and 104m. The aquifer has moderate Transmissivity and has values about
17 m2/day. The following table shows the summary of test pumping result.
Table 3:2. Summary of pump test result of Sheno BH03b

Test Draw Specific Transmissivity
Constant Duration SWL DWL Down capacity (m2/day)
test (l/s) (hrs) (m) (m) (m) (m2/day)
10 72 3.2 76.41 73.21 11.8 17.5
The chemical quality of the groundwater for the analyzed parameters is within the
allowable limits of the WHO and the Ethiopian Standard Agency guidelines. The
P a g e | 17
groundwater is Ca-Na-Mg-HCO3 type. It has low TDS (270mg/l), pH of 7.53, low

hardness (176 mg/l), low fluoride (0.55 mg/l), and low nitrate content (4mg/l).
3.2 Recommendation
The well was test pumped for 72 hours at 10 l/s and has 73.21 m of drawdown. The static
water level before commencement of test was at 3.2 m and dynamic water level for 10 l/s
pumping was at 76.41m. The first screen in this well is between 58.76 m & 64.48 m, and
the second screen between 75.92m and 104.52m. The water level has already exposed the
1st screen and entered the second screen position. However, the lower screens are the
ones taping the major aquifer capable to sustain 10 l/s. If it was steel screen, it was not
allowable to expose the screen as it can be susceptible for oxidation. Since in this well the
screens are made of uPVC the exposure of the screens will not have impact on the casing
except for decrease in the contribution of the aquifer. Thus, from the pumping test
analysis result it is recommended to pump this well up to 8 l/s with pump position at
about 110m.

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References
1. Daniel Meshesha, Dejene Hailemariam And Abrham Mamo; Geology Of Debre

Birhan Area. Geological Survey of Ethiopia, 2010
2. Mengesha Tefera, Tadiwos Chernet and Workineh Haro; Explanation of the
Geological Map of Ethiopia, 2nd edition. Geological Survey of Ethiopia, 1996

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APPENDICES
APPENDIX A – PROFILE OF WELLS COMPLETED WITH CASING
APPENDIX B – TEST PUMPING DATA

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APPENDIX A. – PROFILE OF THE WELL WITH CASING

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SHENO BH03b
Well No. Location Coordinate (UTM) Altitude Town Zone State Country
Sheno BH03b Sheno 529268 1035982 2814 Sheno Oromia Ethiopia
Date: from to Drilling : Equipment Type Method Well Type Final Depth Diamater Casing Position
5/5/2016 15/10/2016 Air /Mud GL -156.0m 0 to 22m ø 17-1/2" & 22m - 126m ø 12-1/4" +0.7 to 156
Casing Type : Size Inside Dia. Outside Dia. Joint Type Screen Pipe : Material Diameter Silot Size % Joint Type
uPVC 8" 200mm Threaded uPVC 200.0mm 2.0mm Threaded
Screen Position 58.76 m – 64.48 m 75.92 m – 104.52 m 133.12 m – 144.56 m Total Length
45.8m
Observation Pipe: Material Diameter Silot Size Open Rate Joint Type Installation depth: Total Length
GS Threded 102.0m
Gravel Pakking Origin Gravel Size Location Volume Divelopment : Method Duration SWL (m) Discharge
Basaltic 4mm - 6mm Air Lifting 16.0 hours 3.20m
Position of Pipes 0.5m Normal (ohm-m) 1.0m Normal (ohm-m)

and SP (mV) Drill Rate (min) Well Column Depth (m) Lithology
Well Structure +0.7m
0 500 1000 1500
14" SC 0
-8m Clay ; Greyish clay derived from weathered tuff
-10
12-1/4"
Tuff ; Pumiceous tuff extremely weathered
-20 -22m
8"uPVC
Clay:- Brown clay with rock fragments derived from
weathered tuff/ash
-30
-38m
-40 Ignimbrite :- Weathered Ignimbrite
G -46m
Ignimbrite:- Fresh Ignimbrite

-50 -52m
Ignimbrite :- Frcatured
-60m
-60
S
Ignimbrite :- Weathered and Fractured Ignimbrite
-66m
-70m Ignimbrite :- Fresh Fractured Ignimbrite

-70
Ignimbrite :- Fresh Ignimbrite

-80m
-80
8"S Scoria:- reworked / re-deposited scoria layer with gravel size

grains rounded to sub-rounded
-90m
-90
S Basalt ; Weathered and fractured

-98m
-100 Basalt :- highly weathered scoriaceous basalt

-104m
-110 Basalt:- Fractured slightly weathered basalt
-116m
-136m
Basalt ; Fractured basalt
-120
Basalt ; Hard slightly weathered basalt

-130
-137m
S -140 Basalt:- Slightly weathered & fractured and asalt

-144m
-150
Basalt ; Hard slightly weathered basalt
-156m
-160
SIMBOL:
CG = Cement Grout St c = Steel Casing
OP = observation pipe S = Screen
G = Gravel P = Pump Position
uPVC = PVC casing
Tel. 251-(0)11-6181521/499/518, 0911211792 Fax (0)11-6181520, P.O.Box 4661, e-mail tam-geo@ethionet.et

P a g e | 22
APPENDIX B –PUMPING TEST DATA

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Project Name: Sheno Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project

Client:- Oromiya Mineral, Water and Energy Bureau
Date of Start:- 11/10/2016
Date of Completion:- 11/10/2016
Site Name: New BH-3b
REFERENCES
Known Benchmark Data:- X=___________ Y=__________ Z=__________
GPS Reading:- X= ___________ Y=___________ Z=__________
1st H=11.5cm 2nd H=12.8cm 3rd H=14cm 4th H=15cm

Discharge L/s 6 Discharge L/s 8 Discharge L/s 10 Discharge L/s 12
Time Water Draw Water Draw Water Draw Water Draw
(Min) Level down Time Level Down Time Level down Time Level Down
7.05A.M (m) (m) (min) (m) (m) (min) (m) (m) (min) (m) (m)
V 0 3.18 3.18 60 21.08 17.9 120 34.51 31.33 180 48.16 44.98
a 0.5 6.98 3.8 60.5 21.56 18.38 120.5 34.97 31.79 180.5 50.02 46.84
l 1 9.10 5.92 61 24.50 21.32 121 35.79 32.61 181 52.64 49.46
v 2 13.61 10.43 62 28.49 25.31 122 37.80 34.62 182 55.37 52.19
e 3 13.78 10.6 63 30.22 27.04 123 39.98 36.8 183 57.14 53.96
4 13.98 10.8 64 31.35 28.17 124 41.61 38.43 184 58.49 55.31
A 5 14.08 10.9 65 31.77 28.59 125 42.64 39.46 185 59.43 56.25
d 6 14.20 11.02 66 32.01 28.83 126 43.48 40.3 186 60.17 56.99
j 7 16.40 13.22 67 32.33 29.15 127 44.53 41.35 187 60.81 57.63
8 17.15 13.97 68 32.51 29.33 128 45.08 41.9 188 61.37 58.19
9 17.50 14.32 69 32.68 29.5 129 45.54 42.36 189 61.77 58.59
10 18.98 15.8 70 32.80 29.62 130 45.82 42.64 190 62.16 58.98
12 19.58 16.4 72 32.99 29.81 132 46.31 43.13 192 62.58 59.4
14 19.91 16.73 74 33.13 29.95 134 46.58 43.4 194 62.94 59.76
16 20.11 16.93 76 33.27 30.09 136 46.81 43.63 196 63.31 60.13
18 20.27 17.09 78 33.38 30.2 138 46.92 43.74 198 63.60 60.42
20 20.34 17.16 80 33.45 30.27 140 47.01 43.83 200 63.80 60.62
25 20.47 17.29 85 33.58 30.4 145 47.29 44.11 205 64.21 61.03
30 20.69 17.51 90 33.79 30.61 150 47.49 44.31 210 64.51 61.33
35 20.84 17.66 95 33.97 30.79 155 47.65 44.47 215 64.74 61.56
40 20.99 17.81 100 34.09 30.91 160 47.78 44.6 220 65.00 61.82
45 21.08 17.9 105 34.22 31.04 165 47.98 44.8 225 65.26 62.08
50 21.08 17.9 110 34.37 31.19 170 48.02 44.84 230 65.46 62.28
55 21.08 17.9 115 34.43 31.25 175 48.10 44.92 235 65.66 62.48
60 21.08 17.9 120 34.51 31.33 180 48.16 44.98 240 65.85 62.67
Temp (oC) 14.8 Temp (oC) 14 Temp (oC) 14.9 Temp (oC) 16.3
E.C (ms/cm) 413 E.C (ms/cm) 405 E.C (ms/cm) 391 E.C (ms/cm) 390
PH 6.6 PH 6.6 PH 6.8 PH 6.7

P a g e | 24

Date of Completion:- 15/10/2016 Hcm = 14
Site Name: New BH-3b RfGr = 93cm
REFERENCES
Known Benchmark Data:- X=___________ Y=__________ Z=____________
GPS Reading:- X= ___________ Y=___________ Z=____________
Constant Discharge Test

SWL 3.20 (m) Discharge 10 (l/s) Pump Position 106.72 (m)
Time Water Draw Time Water Draw Time Water Draw
Hour Min Level down Hou Min Level down Hou Min Level (m) down
(m) (m) r (m) (m) r (m)
8:50AM 0 3.20 3.20 55 57.95 54.75 9 540 64.56 61.36
V A 0.5 5.53 2.33 1 60 58.15 54.95 10 600 65.10 61.90
a d 1 5.55 2.35 70 58.50 55.30 11 660 65.62 62.42
l j 2 5.60 2.40 80 58.75 55.55 12 720 66.10 62.90
v u 3 5.60 2.40 90 58.98 55.78 13 780 66.49 63.29
e s 4 5.61 2.41 100 59.18 55.98 14 840 66.88 63.68
t 5 5.58 2.38 110 59.37 56.17 15 900 67.30 64.10
6 11.00 7.80 2 120 59.67 56.47 16 960 67.74 64.54
7 12.11 8.91 140 59.88 56.68 17 1020 68.04 64.84
8 18.00 14.80 160 60.27 57.07 18 1080 68.40 65.20
9 18.15 14.95 3 180 60.62 57.42 19 1140 68.80 65.60
10 22.28 19.08 200 61.10 57.90 20 1200 69.10 65.90
12 32.33 29.13 220 61.43 58.23 21 1260 69.40 66.20
14 34.66 31.46 4 240 61.68 58.48 22 1320 69.59 66.39
16 40.90 37.70 260 61.97 58.77 23 1380 69.79 66.59
18 52.10 48.90 280 62.17 58.97 24 1440 69.90 66.70
20 55.00 51.80 5 300 62.48 59.28 25 1500 70.00 66.80
25 55.90 52.70 330 62.88 59.68 26 1560 70.14 66.94
30 56.30 53.10 6 360 63.19 59.99 27 1620 70.26 67.06
35 56.73 53.53 390 63.50 60.30 28 1680 70.45 67.25
40 57.00 53.80 7 420 63.80 60.60 29 1740 70.73 67.53
45 57.43 54.23 450 64.02 60.82 30 1800 70.91 67.71
50 57.63 54.43 8 480 64.20 61.00 31 1860 71.16 67.96

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Constant Discharge Test

Time Water Draw Time Water Draw Time Water Draw
Hour Min Level down Hour Min Level down Hour Min Level down
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
32 1920 71.42 68.22 54 3240 73.96 70.76
33 1980 71.47 68.27 55 3300 74.14 70.94
34 2040 71.63 68.43 56 3360 74.30 71.10
35 2100 71.84 68.64 57 3420 74.30 71.10
36 2160 72.04 68.84 58 3480 74.45 71.25
37 2220 72.24 69.04 59 3540 74.56 71.36
38 2280 72.30 69.10 60 3600 74.70 71.50
39 2340 72.50 69.30 61 3660 74.79 71.59
40 2400 72.68 69.48 62 3720 74.95 71.75
41 2460 72.82 69.62 63 3780 75.07 71.87
42 2520 72.99 69.79 64 3840 75.15 71.95
43 2580 73.14 69.94 65 3900 75.21 72.01
44 2640 73.32 70.12 66 3960 75.36 72.16
45 2700 73.50 70.30 67 4020 75.53 72.33
46 2760 73.60 70.40 68 4080 75.72 72.52
47 2820 73.63 70.43 69 4140 75.91 72.71
48 2880 73.60 70.40 70 4200 76.12 72.92
49 2940 73.52 70.32 71 4260 76.30 73.10
50 3000 73.56 70.36 72 4320 76.41 73.21
51 3060 73.60 70.40
52 3120 73.70 70.50
53 3180 73.79 70.59
Water Quality Parameters
o
Temp ( C) 14.8 E.C (ms/cm 413 pH 6.6 Arsenic AS (mg/l) _________-___________ F12hrs = 12 hrs
o
Temp ( C) 14 E.C (ms/cm 405 pH 6.6 Arsenic AS (mg/l) _________-___________ F24hrs = 24 hrs
o
o
o
Temp ( C) 18.1 E.C (ms/cm 368 pH 7.10 Arsenic AS (mg/l) _________-___________ F60hrs = 0 60 hrs
o
Temp ( C) 14.3 E.C (ms/cm 406 pH 7.10 Arsenic AS (mg/l) _________-___________ F72hrs = 0 72 hrs

P a g e | 26

Date of Completion:- 15/10/2016
Site Name: New BH-3b
REFERENCES
Known Benchmark Data:- X=___________ Y=__________ Z=____________
GPS Reading:- X= ___________ Y=___________ Z=____________
Constant Discharge Test Recovery

Time Since Time Time Water Residual Time Since Time Time Water Residual
Pumping since Ratio Level Drawdo Pumping since Ratio Level Drawdow
Stopped (t’) pumping (t/t’) (s) (m) wn (s’) Stopped (t’) pumping (t/t’) (s) (m) n (s’) (m)
(min) started (m) (min) started
Hour Min (t) (min) Hour Min (t) (min)
8:50 0 4320 76.41 50 4370 87.4 14.36 11.16
0.5 4320.5 8641.0 67.90 64.70 55 4375 79.5 14.18 10.98
1 4321 4321.0 58.00 54.80 1 60 4380 73.0 14.03 10.83
2 4322 2161.0 53.74 50.54 70 4390 62.7 13.64 10.44
3 4323 1441.0 47.22 44.02 80 4400 55.0 13.35 10.15
4 4324 1081.0 33.21 30.01 90 4410 49.0 13.14 9.94
5 4325 865.0 27.52 24.32 100 4420 44.2 12.80 9.60
6 4326 721.0 23.61 20.41 110 4430 40.3 12.60 9.40
7 4327 618.1 21.10 17.90 2 120 4440 37.0 12.30 9.10
8 4328 541.0 19.30 16.10 140 4460 31.9 12.00 8.80
9 4329 481.0 18.90 15.70 160 4480 28.0 11.43 8.23
10 4330 433.0 18.57 15.37 3 180 4500 25.0 10.85 7.65
12 4332 361.0 18.25 15.05 200 4520 22.6 10.45 7.25
14 4334 309.6 17.39 14.19 220 4540 20.6 10.03 6.83
16 4336 271.0 17.14 13.94 4 240 4560 19.0 9.64 6.44
18 4338 241.0 16.84 13.64 260 4580 17.6 9.25 6.05
20 4340 217.0 16.60 13.40 280 4600 16.4 8.87 5.67
25 4345 173.8 16.10 12.90 5 300 4620 15.4 8.48 5.28
30 4350 145.0 15.61 12.41 330 4650 14.1 8.03 4.83
35 4355 124.4 15.27 12.07 6 360 4680 13.0 7.58 4.38
40 4360 109.0 14.98 11.78 390 4710 12.1 7.17 3.97
45 4365 97.0 14.61 11.41 7 420 4740 11.3 6.76 3.56

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Constant Discharge Test Recovery

Time Since Time Time Water Residual Time Since Time Time Water Residual
Pumping since Ratio Level Drawdo Pumping since Ratio Level Drawdow
Stopped (t’) pumping (t/t’) (s) (m) wn (s’) Stopped (t’) pumping (t/t’) (s) (m) n (s’) (m)
(min) started (m) (min) started
Hour Min (t) (min) Hour Min (t) (min)
450 4770 10.6 6.30 3.10 29 1740
8 480 4800 10.0 5.90 2.70 30 1800
9 540 4860 9.0 4.84 1.64 31 1860
10 600 4920 8.2 4.40 1.20 32 1920
11 660 4980 7.5 4.00 0.80 33 1980
12 720 5040 7.0 3.70 0.50 34 2040
13 780 5100 6.5 35 2100
14 840 5160 6.1 36 2160
15 900 5220 5.8 37 2220
16 960 5280 5.5 38 2280
17 1020 5340 5.2 39 2340
18 1080 5400 5.0 40 2400
19 1140 5460 4.8 41 2460
20 1200 5520 4.6 42 2520
21 1260 5580 4.4 43 2580
22 1320 5640 4.3 44 2640
23 1380 5700 4.1 45 2700
24 1440 5760 4.0 46 2760
25 1500 47 2820
26 1560 48 2880
27 1620 49 2940
28 1680 50 3000

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Report of Drilling Results-Sheno BH03b

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SHENO TOWN WATER SUPPLY AND

WATER WELL DRILLING FOR THE WATER

Client: Oromia Water, Energy & Mineral

TAM GEO-ENGINEERING PLC.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. 1

Tel. 251-(0)911211792 251-(0)911517411-(0)911517412, P.O.Box 4661, e-mail tam-geo@ethionet.et

APPENDIX A – PROFILE OF WELLS COMPLETED WITH CASING

APPENDIX B – TEST PUMPING DATA

APPENDIX C – WATER QUALITY TEST LABORATORY RESULT

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Table 0:1.Summary of test drilling Results at ShenoBH-02

Table 0:2. Summary of pump test result

10 72 3.2 76.41 73.21 11.8 17.5

Tel. 251-(0)911211792 251-(0)911517411-(0)911517412, P.O.Box 4661, e-mail tam-geo@ethionet.et

Tel. 251-(0)911211792 251-(0)911517411-(0)911517412, P.O.Box 4661, e-mail tam-geo@ethionet.et

1.1 Description of the work area

Table 1:1. Location of Sheno Town Boreholes

Tel. 251-(0)911211792 251-(0)911517411-(0)911517412, P.O.Box 4661, e-mail tam-geo@ethionet.et

Figure 1. Location of Boreholes in Sheno

Tel. 251-(0)911211792 251-(0)911517411-(0)911517412, P.O.Box 4661, e-mail tam-geo@ethionet.et

The ignimbrites and tuff belong to the Sela Dingay-Debreberhan-Gorgo Ignimbrites

Tel. 251-(0)911211792 251-(0)911517411-(0)911517412, P.O.Box 4661, e-mail tam-geo@ethionet.et

2.1 Drilled Geological Formation

Table 2:1. Formations drilled at Sheno BH-03b

2.1.1 Well Casings and Screens

Tel. 251-(0)911211792 251-(0)911517411-(0)911517412, P.O.Box 4661, e-mail tam-geo@ethionet.et

Table 2:2. Summary of Well Construction for Sheno BH-03b

2.2 Test Pumping

2.2.2 Provisional Test Pumping Sheno BH-03b

2.2.3 Step Drawdown Test Sheno BH-03b

Table 2:3 ShenoBH-03b summary step test result

Tel. 251-(0)911211792 251-(0)911517411-(0)911517412, P.O.Box 4661, e-mail tam-geo@ethionet.et

Sheno BH03b(Drawdown Vs Discharge)

Figure 3. ShenoBH-03b Step Draw-Down (m) versus discharge (m3/day)

Well efficiency = 100*BQ / (BQ+CQ2)

Tel. 251-(0)911211792 251-(0)911517411-(0)911517412, P.O.Box 4661, e-mail tam-geo@ethionet.et

Table 2:4. Step Drawdown test result ShenoBH-03b

Figure 4. ShenoBH-03b Hantush-Bierschenk Well Loss

2.2.4 Constant Discharge Test Sheno BH-03b

Sheno BH03b (Time-DD plot of constant discharge test)

Figure 5. ShenoBH-03b Semi-Logarithmic time drawdown plot of constant discharge test t

Sheno Bh03b (Time-DD plot of constant discharge test)

Figure 6. ShenoBH-03b Logarithmic time drawdown plot of constant discharge test

Tel. 251-(0)911211792 251-(0)911517411-(0)911517412, P.O.Box 4661, e-mail tam-geo@ethionet.et

T = 0.183*Q/Δs ----------- (for Drawdown)

T = 0.183*Q/Δs’ ---------- (for Recovery)

Where T = Transmissivity (m2/day)

Q = Pumping rate (m3/day)

Δs = Drawdown difference per log cycle (m) time-drawdown graph

Δs’ = Drawdown difference per log cycle (m) of recovery graph

Figure 7. ShenoBH-03b results from Cooper Jacob Time drawdown method

Tel. 251-(0)911211792 251-(0)911517411-(0)911517412, P.O.Box 4661, e-mail tam-geo@ethionet.et

Figure 8. ShenoBH-03b results from Theis Recovery analysis method

2.2.5 Recommended pumping rate and pump position Sheno BH-03b

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Step Test Constant Test

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2.2.6 Water quality Sheno BH-03b

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3 CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION

Table 3:1.Summary of test drilling Results at ShenoBH-03b

Table 3:2. Summary of pump test result of Sheno BH03b

groundwater is Ca-Na-Mg-HCO3 type. It has low TDS (270mg/l), pH of 7.53, low

Tel. 251-(0)911211792 251-(0)911517411-(0)911517412, P.O.Box 4661, e-mail tam-geo@ethionet.et