Rdl760

Assignment -2
Vaidhyaprakash choudhary(2016CH10121), Group-4
Namrata Tripathi(2016CH10074), Group-1

Food processing
Food processing is the transformation of agricultural products into food, or of one form of food into other
forms. Food processing includes many forms of processing foods, from grinding ​grain​ to make raw flour
to home cooking to complex industrial methods used to make ​convenience foods​.

Primary food processing is necessary to make most foods edible, and secondary food processing turns the
ingredients into familiar foods, such as bread.Tertiary food processing has been criticized for promoting
overnutrition​ and obesity, containing too much sugar and salt, too little fiber, and otherwise being
unhealthful.

India ranks second in terms of availability of arable land with 127 diverse agro-climatic zones, having a
share of 11.2% of the total arable land in the world. In addition, the resource-rich country, has the 6th
largest food and grocery market and 5th largest retail market globally. Thus, India is capable of providing
world a perfect blend of traditional and hygienic food processed and packaged according to the modern
technology.

Food processing industries

1. Dairy:​ liquid milk, curd, flavoured yoghurt, processed cheese, cottage cheese, Swiss cheese, blue
cheese, ice cream, milk-based sweets.
2. Fish, seafood and fish processing​ – processing and freezing units.
3. Fruits and vegetables​: preserved, candied, glazed and crystallised fruits and vegetables, juices,
jams, jellies, purees, soups, powders, dehydrated vegetables, flakes, shreds and ready-to-eat
curries.
4. Meat and poultry​: eggs, egg powder, cut meats, sausages and other value added products.
5. Beverages​: fruit-based, cereal-based.
6. Grain processing​ – oil milling sector, rice, pulse milling and flour milling sectors.
7. Confectionery and bakery:​ cookies and crackers, biscuits, breads, cakes and frozen dough.
 DaIry industry
India is the world's largest producer and consumer of dairy. The dairy industry in India was worth INR
5,000 billion in 2016. India is also globally the largest milk producing country since 1997. In India, the
co-operatives and private dairies have access to only 20% of the milk produced. Approximately, 34% of
the milk is sold in the unorganized market while 46% is consumed locally. This is in comparison to most
of the developed nations where almost 90% of the surplus milk is passes through the organized sector.

Processed food from dairy industry

1. Liquid milk
2. Ghee
3. Butter
4. Curd
5. Khoa
6. Milk powder including IMF
7. Paneer and Chhana
8. Others(Ice-cream,cream etc)

Milk
Milk is a nutrient-rich, white liquid food produced by the ​mammary glands​ of ​mammals​.​ It is the primary
source of nutrition for ​infant​ mammals before they are able to ​digest​ other types of food. Early-​lactation
milk contains ​colostrum​, which carries the mother's ​antibodies​ to its young and can reduce the risk of
many diseases. It contains many other nutrients including ​protein​ and ​lactose​. Interspecies consumption of
milk is not uncommon, particularly among humans, many of whom consume the milk of other mammals.
As an agricultural product, milk is ​extracted from farm animals​ during or soon after pregnancy. ​Dairy
farms​ produced about 730 million ​tonnes​ of milk in 2011, from 260 million dairy cows. ​India​ is the
world's largest producer of milk, and is the leading exporter of ​skimmed milk​ powder, yet it exports few
other milk products. The ever increasing rise in domestic demand for dairy products and a large
demand-supply gap could lead to India being a net importer of dairy products in the future. The United
States, India, China and Brazil are the world's largest exporters of milk and milk products. China and
Russia were the world's largest importers of milk and milk products until 2016 when both countries
became self-sufficient, contributing to a worldwide glut of milk.
Throughout the world, more than six billion people consume milk and milk products. Over 750 million
people live in dairy farming households.

Milk processing
The milk processing section in processing plants contains all operations of milk like collecting milk from
farmers, storing milk in tanks then separating, pasteurizing and homogenizing for making good quality
milk products by using some milk processing equipments that is described below.
● Milk Tanks:​ The ​milk tanks​ are the prime components in any milk processing plants that used to

store raw milk, skimmed milk or cream. The pre-stack tanks, milk tanks, interim tank and mixing

tanks are mainly used in processing plants to provide good quantity milk.

● Pasteurizers​: Pasteurization is the process of heat treatment of a product to reduce enzymatic

activity and kill pathogenic bacteria. This process can be done by using ​pasteurizers​ The main

purpose of pasteurization in dairy plants is to make the product safe for use and to extend product

shelf life.
 ● Separators​: After pasteurizers, the ​separators​ come as third main equipment in milk plants that

ensure the excellent products quality and high performance in milk skimming by preventing

intake of destructive air.

● Homogenizers​: At last, the ​homogenizer​ helps to achieve the different variety of products,

improves the texture, taste and viscosity of cream or juice-based drink and prevents a cream line

and sedimentation in the milk products.

These are the main operation performed by these equipments to produce good quality milk products.

Milk processing plants

The whole ​milk processing​ procedure starts in the dairy after receiving milk from the cattle. It has

clarified, separated and equipped with the fundamental vitamins. It decreases the fat amount and kills

microbes, after that it is homogenized and pasteurized. At the last, milk is packed and sold in packets or

cartons.

● Cows give milk two times in a day in each farm, in big farms the process is done by using

milking machines. After that, milk is transferred to big refrigerated tanks. These ​milk tanks​are
 collected by huge trucks that transport the milk to dairy processing plants. Before transportation

the milk to the ​milk processing plants​, checking the temperatures and taste of milk process is

done.

● At milk processing plant, the process begins with separation and clarification. This process is

done by the ​separators​ The milk is separated from germs and useless remains that it is the best for

consumption. This procedure is well-known as the clarification.

● With the procedure of revitalizing the milk with vitamins, it is ready for pasteurization. The

process is done by ​pasteurizers​ that involve milk heating to kill the remaining germs that present

in it. The milk is heated and passed through steel pipes with the help of pasteurization process.

● The next step is the homogenization that removes fat from the milk. ​Homogenizers​ are the way to

do efficient homogenization process. The product is heated to decrease the fat particles. Fat

particles would drift above the milk without the procedure of homogenization.

● The final procedure is the packaging of milk in the cartons or the plastic bags. These cartons are

frequently stamped by the dates and shelf life of milk. It is transported from milk processing

plants to different states.

In addition, there are many techniques of ​milk processing​ that done by dairy farmers. These procedures

are given below:

● Receiving, filtration and clarification of the raw milk.

● Separation of the fat milk according to market need, production of cream, butter and other

fat-based item requirements.

● Pasteurization to remove bacteria.

● Homogenization process in the ​milk plants​ for better production.

● Other product specific processing.

● Packaging and storage like cold storage for the perishable products.

● Finally distribution of products

How Milk Processing Plants Work?

Milk is very essential food use by human for consumption from many years. Cow is one of the most

popular animals for milk production. There are several other animals that produced milk like camels,

goats, llamas, water buffalo, reindeer and sheep in the world. The dairy farms collect milk from animals

and provides huge amount of milk in the world. These dairy farms use ​milk processing plants for

processing and handling milk​. In addition, a ​milk plant​ is a place, premises and establishment where milk

and milk products collect, handle, process, store, pasteurizes, aseptically processed, packaged process and

prepared for supply or distribution. The organization of a dairy processing ability of any size and place is

involved in undertaking.

This is the reason, there are several ​milk processing plants​ increases the demands of milk. There are

several milk processing process perform in dairy and the whole procedure classify into different steps that

contain and includes milk collection from the livestock, transport to dairy plants, explanation,

homogenization, pasteurization and at the end pack the products.

In general, milk is collected from the dairy farm animals in large farms and after the collecting milk it is

important to check with ​milk processing equipments​ for transparency and quality. The milk processing is

necessary for all the milk procedure that separates microorganisms and bacteria from the milk for

consumption. Therefore, it is easy to watch the release of milk with the growth of milk plants from the

tankers and pack in the bottles and packets. There are plenty of technologies included in the processing
method for improvement the work of ​milk processing​ plants. There are different types of applications that

included into a particular application with latest technology.

Moreover, these types of all ​milk production​ process have done in the dairy farm with exact process. The

final procedure is packaging of the product in the bottle, cartons and plastic bags. These packaging

processes are frequently stamped with long life of products. It is transported from the milk processing

plants to the different places.

Some significant benefits of milk processing plants:

Nowadays, the various modern high advanced ​milk processing​ machines are beneficial for any milk

processing plants.

● It increases the quality of the products.

● It reduces the workload of farmers and dependency on workers.

● It helps for making products faster and easier.

● The highly advanced machines are easy to clean with less physical effort due to that milk plants

always get clean.

● These advanced machines can be operated 24 hours for making good quality products.

● It helps to get more output with few workers.

● It helps to keep product quality maintain.

● With the help of advanced machines, it is easy to provide low-cost product to the people.

References:-
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_processing
2. http://www.makeinindia.com/sector/food-processing
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk
4. https://abltechnology.wordpress.com/category/milk-processing/