Chap 4

Q No: 1 Do you think proper exercise can effect the learning of students?
Hypothesis 01: There is no significant difference of opinion among teachers

about proper exercise can effect the learning of students.
Description Yes No Total
fo 45 15 60
fe 30 30 60
fo-fe 15 -15 -
(fo-fe)2 225 225 -
( fo-fe)2 7.5 7.5 15

fe
𝑓𝑜−𝑓𝑒 2
X2 ∑ ( ) = 7.5+7.5=15
𝑓𝑒
Degree of freedom = (R-1) (C-1)
= (2-1) (2-1)
= (1) (1)
=1
Calculated Value = 15
Tabulated Value = 3.841
Level of Significant = 0.005
Degree of Freedom = 01
Conclusion: The above calculated value is 15 is greater than tabulated value
is 3.841.there for Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted. Hence it may be concluded that,
proper exercise can effect the learning of students
42
QNo.2 Does different exercise helps you to develop student’s interest?
Hypothesis 02: There is no significant difference of opinion among teacher

about different exercise helps you to develop student’s interest
Description Yes No total
fo 43 17 60
fe 30 30 60
fo-fe 13 -13 -
(fo-fe)2 169 169 -
( fo-fe)2 5.6 5.6 11.2

fe
X2 = ∑ ( ) 5.6+5.6=11.2
𝑓𝑒
= (2-1) (2-1)
= (1) (1)
=1
Calculated Value =11.2
Tabulated Value =3.841
Level of Significant =0.005
Degree of Freedom =1
Conclusion: The above calculated value is 11.2 is greater than tabulated value is
3.841 there for H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted.it may conclude that different
exercise helps you to develop student’s interest.
43
QNo.3 Do different exercise helps in better teaching?
Hypothesis 03: There is no significant difference of opinion among teacher about

different exercise helps in better teaching
fo 40 20 60
fe 30 30 60
fo-fe 10 -10 -
(fo-fe)2 100 100 -
( fo-fe)2 3.3 3.3 6.6

fe
X2 = ∑ ( ) =3.3+3.3=6.6
𝑓𝑒

= (2-1) (2-1)
= (1) (1)
=1
Calculated Value = 6.6
Conclusion: The above calculated value is 6.6 is greater than tabulated value is
3.841.there for Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted. It may conclude that different
exercise helps in better teaching.
44
QNo.4 Does innovation in exercises helps you to motivate your students?

innovation in exercises helps you to motivate your students
fo 42 18 60
fe 30 30 60
fo-fe 12 -12 -11
(fo-fe)2 144 144 121
( fo-fe)2 4.8 4.8 9.6

fe
X2 = ∑ ( ) = 4.8+4.8=9.6
𝑓𝑒

= (2-1) (2-1)
= (1) (1)
=1
Conclusion: The above calculated value is 9.6 is greater than tabulated value is 3.841
there for Ho is rejected and H1is accepted.it may conclude that innovation in exercises
helps you to motivate your students.
45
QNo.5 Do you think there is a difference in the teaching of trained and
untrained teacher?

there is a difference in the teaching of trained and untrained teacher

fo 41 19 60
fe 30 30 60
fo-fe 11 -11 -
(fo-fe)2 121 121 -
( fo-fe)2 4 4 8
fe
X2 = ∑ ( ) =4+4=8
𝑓𝑒

= (2-1) (2-1)
= (1) (1)
=1
Calculated Value =8
Conclusion: The above calculated value is 8 is greater than tabulated value is 3.841
there for Ho is rejected and H1is accepted.it may concluded that there is a difference
in the teaching of trained and untrained teacher.
46
QNo.6 Do you use different teaching techniques?

use different teaching techniques
fo 47 13 60
X2 fe 30 30 60
=
∑ fo-fe 17 -17 -
(fo-fe)2 289 289 -
( fo-fe)2 9.6 9.6 19.2

fe
( ) = 9.6+9.6=19.2
𝑓𝑒

= (2-1) (2-1)
= (1) (1)
=1
Conclusion:
The above calculated value is 19.2 is greater than tabulated value is 3.841.there for H0
is rejected and H1is accepted. It may conclude that mostly teachers use different
teaching techniques.
47
QNo.7 Can new techniques of teaching has a positive impact on students
learning?

new techniques of teaching has a positive impact on students learning
fo 45 15 60
fe 30 30 60
fo-fe 15 -15 -
(fo-fe)2 225 225 -
( fo-fe)2 7.5 7.5 15

fe
X2 = ∑ ( ) = 7.5+7.5=15
𝑓𝑒

= (2-1) (2-1)
= (1) (1)
=1
Conclusion:
The above calculated value is 15 is greater than tabulated value is 3.841.there for H0
is rejected and H1 is accepted. It may conclude that new techniques of teaching has a
positive impact on students learning.
48
QNo.8 Should teacher encourage the student during study through teaching?

teacher encourage the student during study through teaching.

fo 42 18 60
fe 30 30 60
fo-fe 12 -12 -
(fo-fe)2 144 144 -
( fo-fe)2 4.8 4.8 9.6

fe
X2 = ∑ ( ) = 4.8+4.8=9.6
𝑓𝑒

= (2-1) (2-1)
= (1) (1)
=1
Conclusion:
The above calculated value is 9.6 is greater than tabulated value is 3.841.there
foe H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. It may conclude that teacher should encourage
the student during study through teaching.
49
QNo.9 Do you think class management is an important factor of better learning?

class management is a important factor of better learning
fo 44 16 60
X2
=∑ fe 30 30 60
fo-fe 14 -14 -
(fo-fe)2 196 196 -
( fo-fe)2 6.5 6.5 13

fe
( ) = 6.5+6.5=13
𝑓𝑒

= (2-1) (2-1)
= (1) (1)
=1
Conclusion:
The above calculated value is 13 is greater than tabulated value is 3.841.there
foe H is rejected and H is accepted it may conclude that class management is a
important factor of better learning
50
QNo.10 Can you manage your class better than untrained teacher?
Hypothesis 10: There is no significant difference of opinion that trained teacher

manage your class better than untrained teacher.
fo 44 16 60
fe 30 30 60
fo-fe 14 -14 -
(fo-fe)2 196 196 -
( fo-fe)2 6.5 6.5 13

fe
X2 = ∑ ( ) =6.5+6.5=13
𝑓𝑒

= (2-1) (2-1)
= (1) (1)
=1
Conclusion:
The above calculated value is 13 is greater than tabulated value is 3.841.there foe H0
is rejected and H1 is accepted principal may concluded that trained teacher can
manage class better than untrained teacher
51
QNo.11 Do you even give your students a chance to ask you questions during
class?
Hypothesis 11: There is no significant difference of opinion among give your

students a chance to ask you questions during class
fo 41 19 60
X2
fe 30 30 60
=∑
fo-fe 11 -11 -
(fo-fe)2 121 121 -
( fo-fe)2 4 4 8
fe
( ) = 4+4=8
𝑓𝑒

= (2-1) (2-1)
= (1) (1)
=1
Calculated Value =8
Conclusion:
The above calculated value is 8 is greater than tabulated value is 3.841 .there foe H0 is
rejected and H1 is accepted. It may conclude that teacher should give students a
chance to ask you questions during class
52
QNo.12 Do you think that student center class is better than teacher center
class?
Hypothesis 12: There is no significant difference of opinion among student

center class is better than teacher center class.
fo 39 21 60
2
X
fe 30 30 60
=
∑ fo-fe 9 -9 -
(fo-fe)2 81 81 -
( fo-fe)2 2.7 2.7 5.4

fe
( ) =2.7+2.7=5.4
𝑓𝑒

= (2-1) (2-1)
= (1) (1)
=1
Conclusion:
The above calculated value is 5.4 is greater than tabulated value is 3.841.there
for H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. It may conclude that student center class is
better than teacher center class
53
QNo.13 Do you think discussion in class improve students learning?
Hypothesis 13: There is no significant difference of opinion among discussion in

class improve students learning.
fo 40 20 60
fe 30 30 60
fo-fe 10 -10 -
(fo-fe)2 100 100 -
( fo-fe)2 3.3 3.3 6.6

fe
X2 = ∑ ( ) = 3.3+3.3=6.6
𝑓𝑒

= (2-1) (2-1)
= (1) (1)
=1
Conclusion:
The above calculated value is 6.6 is greater than tabulated value is 3.841.there foe H0
is rejected and H1 is accepted. It may conclude that discussion in class improve
students learning?
54
QNo.14 Do you think guidance and counseling is necessary for better teaching?
Hypothesis 14: There is no significant difference of opinion among guidance and

counseling is necessary for better teaching.
fo 41 19 60
fe 30 30 60
fo-fe 11 -11 -
(fo-fe)2 121 121 -
( fo-fe)2 4 4 8
fe
X2 = ∑ ( ) =4+4=8
𝑓𝑒

= (2-1) (2-1)
= (1) (1)
=1
Calculated Value =8
Conclusion:
The above calculated value is 8 is greater than tabulated value is 3.841.there
foe H is rejected and H is accepted. It may be concluded that guidance and counseling
is necessary for better teaching.
55
Q 15: Does guidance and counseling have a positive effect on learning of
student?

counseling have a positive effect on learning of student.
fo 48 12 60
fe 30 30 60
fo-fe 18 -18 -
(fo-fe)2 324 324 -
( fo-fe)2 10.8 10.8 21.6

fe
X2 = ∑ ( ) = 10.8+10.8=21.6
𝑓𝑒

= (2-1) (2-1)
= (1) (1)
=1
Conclusion:
The above calculated value is 21.6 is greater than tabulated value is 3.841.there foe
H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted .It may be concluded that guidance and counseling
have a positive effect on learning of student
56
Q 16: Do you think attending educational program or guidance seminar can
effect the learning of students?

counseling have a positive effect on learning of student.
fo 38 22 60
fe 30 30 60
fo-fe 8 -8 -
(fo-fe)2 64 64 -
( fo-fe)2 2.1 2.1 4.2

fe
X2 = ∑ ( ) = 2.1+2.1=4.2
𝑓𝑒

= (2-1) (2-1)
= (1) (1)
=1
Conclusion:
The above calculated value is 4.2 is greater than tabulated value is 3.841.there foe H0
is rejected and H1 is accepted .It may be concluded that attending educational
program or guidance seminar can effect the learning of students.
57
TESTING HYPOTHESIS:
Hypothesis # 1
 Lack of proper exercise of teaching strategies will affect the learning of students.
Items Calculated value Tabulated value

Question # 1 15 3.841
Question #2 11.2 3.841
Question #3 6.6 3.841
Question #4 9.6 3.841
total 42.4 15.364
CONCLUSION:
The above result shows that the calculated value of these questions
42.4 is greater than tabulated value 15.364 so its mean the null hypothesis is rejected
and the main hypothesis is accepted.
Therefore it is concluded that Lack of proper exercise of teaching
strategies will affect the learning of students.
58
Hypothesis # 2
 Lack of teaching techniques can effect the learning of students.

Question #5 8 3.841
Question #6 15 3.841
Question #7 9.6 3.841
Question #8 19.2 3.841
total 51.8 15.364
CONCLUSION:
Therefore it is concluded that Lack of teaching techniques can effect
the learning of students.
59
Hypothesis # 3
 Lack of class management power will affect the group activities.

Question # 9 13 3.841
Question #10 13 3.841
Question #11 8 3.841
Question #12 5.4 3.841
Question #13 6.6 3.841
total 46 19.2
CONCLUSION:
The above result shows that the calculated value of these questions 46
is greater than tabulated value 19.2. So its mean the null hypothesis is rejected and the
main hypothesis is accepted.
Therefore it is concluded that Lack of class management power will
affect the group activities.
60
Hypothesis # 4
 Proper guidance and counseling can effects the learning of student.

Question # 14 8 3.841
Question #15 21.6 3.841
Question #16 4.2 3.841
total 33.8 11.5
CONCLUSION:
Therefore it is concluded that Proper guidance and counseling can effects the
learning of student.
61
Summary:
The study was conducted for ‘To study the effect of trained teacher on student learning
progress at primary level”
Chapter 1:
The first chapter consists on the introduction, background, statement of the problem,
justification of the problem, significance of the problem, its objectives and keywords
which depicts the effect of trained primary teacher on the student.
Teachers play a vital role in the education and also student’s life. A person with proper
vision, experience, and an education degree can enter the teaching profession. Teaching
job is a more of a responsibility than a mere job. It has an impact on the growth and
well-being of the nation. The teacher today is quite diverse than past and has an
extensive role in almost every occupation.
On other hand, The Negative Attitudes of Teachers' Impact on Students. Teachers'
attitudes can help or hurt student motivation, achievement and well-being. This thesis
found that negative teacher attitudes can impair academic achievement and increase
students' psychological disorders and physical symptoms of stress.
62
Chapter 2:
This chapter include the review study of literature of mentioned problem, the different
paper was read and analysis in regard to attain the detail information of previous work.
Great emphasis has been laid on the primary teachers to use effective teaching
strategies and method for improved learning by many researchers and educationists but
on the other hand, one must also understand that the amount of students’ learning in a
class also depends on their native ability of cognition and as well as their prior
preparation. Teachers should prepare mental set through rapport with students before
they start teaching. With the passage of time, the importance of instructors’ teaching
style is being spread and the teachers are taking initiative to improve their teaching
strategies for students’ improved learning by getting enrolled in such Programmes
which help them reflect upon their teaching practices and improving them as per
requirement.
The review of literatures also reveals that positive teacher–student relationships
influence students’ learning. The essence merged from a connected relationship
(caring, support, trust and respect) which support students self-confidence, fosters
students’ self-trust and increases students motivation to learn, influencing their
professional development towards future career pathway. Despite the limitation of
some studies.
63
Chapter 3:
The credibility of findings and conclusions significantly depend on the quality of the
research design, data collection, data management and data analysis. In this chapter
examination of data analysis processes and how, together with data management, they
were handled in the selected education sector studies.
The Quantitative Data Analysis in this thesis to provide knowledge in statistics and
practical skills to conduct both simple and sophisticated statistical analyses in the fields
of primary teaching. To identify and utilize appropriate statistical procedures for, and
to correctly interpret and report the findings from the results of the statistical analyses.
64
Chapter 4:
In this research study after collecting the data by using questionnaire method, answered
have been analyzed by using frequency distribution, percentage and chi-square method.
A frequency distribution is a tabular representation of a survey data set used to organize
and summarize the data. Specifically, it is a list of either qualitative or quantitative
values that a variable takes in a data set and the associated number of times each value
occurs (frequencies).
The frequency distribution is the basic building block of statistical analytical methods
and the first step in analyzing survey data. It helps researchers (a) organize and
summarize the survey data in a tabular format, (b) interpret the data, and (c) detect
outliers (extreme values) in the survey data set.
Method:
One the percentage has been calculated for the answer I applied chi-square method in
order to find out the result on the basis of observed and expected frequency. This
method is used for scientific and quantitative proof of hypothesis. The result of
calculated value of “x2” is compared with tabulated value by taking “0.05” as level of
significance and df=1 as a degree of freedom. If calculated value of chi-square is greater
than the tabulated value than null hypothesis is rejected and if calculated value is less
than the tabulated value null hypothesis is accepted.
65
Chapter 5:
This chapter presents the conclusions, findings, recommendations, results and
limitations of this study. The chapter commences with an overview of the research
problem, followed by a discussion of the sample profile and each research question.
Based on the conclusions pertaining to the respective research question,
recommendations are made to teachers and school management.
Following are the key suggestions in this chapter:
1. School management should heir trained teachers so that educational process will
be better.
2. New techniques should be introduce which is helpful to motivate student.
3. Educational programs and seminar should be organize for teacher training.
4. Teacher should know how to manage class so that he/she can better promote
their teaching.
5. Motivational seminars should be organize for students and teachers.
66
FINDINGS:
1. 75% respondents said yes that proper exercise can effect the learning of students and
25% said no.
2. 71% respondents said yes that different exercise helps you to develop student’s
interest and 29% said no.
3. 66% respondents said yes that different exercise helps in better teaching and 34% said
no.
4. 70% respondents said yes that innovation in exercises helps you to motivate your
students and 30% said no.
5. 68% respondents said yes that there is a difference in the teaching of trained and
untrained teacher and 32% said no.
6. 78% respondents said yes that teachers use different teaching techniques and 22%
said no.
7. 75% respondents said yes that new techniques of teaching has a positive impact on
students learning and 25% said no.
8. 70% respondents said yes that teacher encourage the student during study through
teaching and 30% said no.
9. 73% respondents said yes that class management is a important factor of better
learning and 27% said no.
10. 73% respondents said yes that trained teacher can manage class better than untrained
teacher and 27% said no.
11. 68% respondents said yes that teachers give students a chance to ask you questions
during class and 32% said no.
12. 65% respondents said yes that student center class is better than teacher center class
and 35% said no.
67
13. 66% respondents said yes that discussion in class improve students learning and 34%
said no.
14. 68% respondents said yes that guidance and counseling is necessary for better
teaching and 32% said no.
15. 80% respondents said yes that guidance and counseling have a positive effect on
learning of student and 20% said no.
16. 63% respondents said yes that think attending educational program or guidance
seminar can effect the learning of students and 37% said no.
68
RESULTS:
The research study reveals following results.
1. There is a significance trend of opinion that proper exercise can effect the learning of
students.
2. There is a significance trend of opinion that different exercise helps you to develop
student’s interest.
3. There is a significance trend of opinion that different exercise helps in better teaching.
4. There is a significance trend of opinion that innovation in exercises helps you to
motivate your students.
5. There is a significance trend of opinion that there is a difference in the teaching of
trained and untrained teacher.
6. There is a significance trend of opinion that teachers use different teaching
techniques.
7. There is a significance trend of opinion that new techniques of teaching has a positive
impact on students learning.
8. There is a significance trend of opinion that teacher should encourage the student
during study through teaching.
9. There is a significance trend of opinion that class management is an important factor
of better learning.
10. There is a significance trend of opinion that trained teacher manage class better than
untrained teacher.
11. There is a significance trend of opinion that teacher should give students a chance to
ask questions during class.
12. There is a significance trend of opinion that student center class is better than teacher
center class.
69
13. There is a significance trend of opinion that discussion in class improve students
learning.
14. There is a significance trend of opinion that guidance and counseling is necessary for
better teaching.
15. There is a significance trend of opinion that guidance and counseling have a positive
effect on learning of student.
16. There is a significance trend of opinion that attending educational program or
guidance seminar can effect the learning of students.
70
SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS:
After conducting the research on this topic:
“To study the effect of trained teacher on student learning progress at primary
level”
I would like to suggest and recommends some ways. They are as follows.
1. School management should heir trained teachers so that educational process will be
better.
2. New techniques should be introduce which is helpful to motivate student.
3. Educational programs and seminar should be organize for teacher training.
4. Teacher should know how to manage class so that he/she can better promote their
teaching.
5. Motivational seminars should be organize for students and teachers.
71
CONCLUSION:
In any research, the first priority is to select the topic or area of research and then give
“Introduction" to study about the particular topic. Then give justification of the problem
means how to select the particular problem or area of that research. In this research the
topic of research is “To study the effect of trained teacher on student learning progress
at primary level” And then after this the next step is to explain describe its need and
importance, then its objectives, key terms and then hypothesis of study and the
references of the giving material. Then "Review of the Literature" which includes the
introduction review of the literature then define the review, literature then review of
literature and then the frame work of different review and the review of the previous
research, hypothesis, objectives and references. And
then research strategy or research method for choosing research. In this research the
researcher use descriptive method and the researcher use area of population of study.
In this research the area of population is primary level, trained and untrained teachers
and the researcher describe sampling and its type and then sample size and this research
sample size is 60 and then the data collecting tool for research. In this research
questionnaire method has been used for data collecting. And the chi-square method has
used for its analysis.
72
REFRENCES:
 Educational psychology By R.Mangal
 Burke Johnson, (2004) Educational research, Qualitative, Quantitative and
mix method approaches Pearson education Inc pg, 30.
 R.P. Pathak "Methodology of educational research", Atlantic publishers and
distributors, 2008, Pg., 41.
 Yogeshkumar, (2006) Fundamental of research methodology and statics,
new age international (p) Ltd. Pg ,79
 L.p Agarwal, (2005) Modern Educational research dominant publisher and
distributors, pg, 19.
 http:/www.lifecircle.com/learningtheories
 Working with children and their families (martin Herbert)
http://schoolpsychologistfiles.comslowlearnerfag
 http://oxford dictionary.com
 http:/www.lifecircle.comlearningtheories
 Growing up gifted: developing the potential of children at school and as
home (8th edition: April 2012, (Pearson ), by Dr, Barbara clark p,57
 http://Www.wikipedia.org/wiki,IQ classification
 Educational psychology By G.c Agarwal
 http://www.sheild.sa.org/about/us/history/nu?lastview id-80
 Daniel. T Willingham .Helping slow learner: Implications of the classroom
Articles published in American Educators /spring 2009 copy right john
Wiley sons p-112
 David Fontana “TEACHING AND PERSONALITY”, P:2
 Aggarwal “TEACHER EDUCATION”, PG-290
73
 John Dewey “DEMOCRACY IN EDUCATION”, P:7
 Dictionary of Education P:73,83 & 314
 Development and classroom learning (an introduction to education
psychology)
74

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Q No: 1 Do you think proper exercise can effect the learning of students?

Hypothesis 01: There is no significant difference of opinion among teachers

Description Yes No Total

(fo-fe)2 225 225 -

( fo-fe)2 7.5 7.5 15

is 3.841.there for Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted. Hence it may be concluded that,

proper exercise can effect the learning of students

Hypothesis 02: There is no significant difference of opinion among teacher

Description Yes No total

(fo-fe)2 169 169 -

( fo-fe)2 5.6 5.6 11.2

exercise helps you to develop student’s interest.

Hypothesis 03: There is no significant difference of opinion among teacher about

Description Yes No Total

(fo-fe)2 100 100 -

( fo-fe)2 3.3 3.3 6.6

Degree of freedom = (R-1) (C-1)

3.841.there for Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted. It may conclude that different

exercise helps in better teaching.

Hypothesis 04: There is no significant difference of opinion among teacher about

fo-fe 12 -12 -11

(fo-fe)2 144 144 121

( fo-fe)2 4.8 4.8 9.6

Degree of freedom = (R-1) (C-1)

helps you to motivate your students.

Hypothesis 05: There is no significant difference of opinion among teacher about

Description Yes No Total

Degree of freedom = (R-1) (C-1)

in the teaching of trained and untrained teacher.

Hypothesis 06: There is no significant difference of opinion among teacher about

Description Yes No Total

(fo-fe)2 289 289 -

( fo-fe)2 9.6 9.6 19.2

Degree of freedom = (R-1) (C-1)

Hypothesis 07: There is no significant difference of opinion among teacher about

Description Yes No Total

(fo-fe)2 225 225 -

( fo-fe)2 7.5 7.5 15

Degree of freedom = (R-1) (C-1)

positive impact on students learning.

Hypothesis 08: There is no significant difference of opinion among teacher about

Description Yes No Total

( fo-fe)2 4.8 4.8 9.6

Degree of freedom = (R-1) (C-1)

the student during study through teaching.

Hypothesis 09: There is no significant difference of opinion among teacher about

Description Yes No Total

( fo-fe)2 6.5 6.5 13

Degree of freedom = (R-1) (C-1)

foe H is rejected and H is accepted it may conclude that class management is a

important factor of better learning

Hypothesis 10: There is no significant difference of opinion that trained teacher

Description Yes No Total

(fo-fe)2 196 196 -

( fo-fe)2 6.5 6.5 13

Degree of freedom = (R-1) (C-1)

manage class better than untrained teacher

Hypothesis 11: There is no significant difference of opinion among give your

Description Yes No Total

(fo-fe)2 121 121 -

Degree of freedom = (R-1) (C-1)

chance to ask you questions during class