Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
References to other publications must be in Harvard style. Please see below for further details.
Citation in Text
1. References should be cited in the text as in the following examples:
‐ Single Author: (Pearce, 1989).
‐ Two authors: (Huberman and Miles, 1998).
‐ Three authors: (Carlsen, Getz, and Soutar, 2001).
‐ Four or more authors: (Dwyer et al., 2000).
‐ Authors names as part of sentence: Pearce (1989) states .....
2. Groups of references should be listed first alphabetically and then
chronologically, e.g. (Crompton, 1979; 1999; Fakeye and Crompton, 1991; Gunn,
1988).
3. For more than one references from the same author(s) in the same year,
references should be identified by the letters ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘d’ etc., e.g. (Pearce,
1995a).
4. For quoted material page number is required, e.g. (Pearce, 1989, p.22).
5. References to personal communication appear in parenthesis, e.g. (interview
with the UNWTO Secretary‐General in 2008).
6. Footnotes or endnotes should not be used.
Reference List
1. References should be gathered together at the end of the main body of the text.
2. Only references cited in the text should be listed in references and all references
listed must be cited in the text.
3. Personal communications should not be in the reference list, but may be
mentioned in the text.
It is extremely helpful if references are presented as far as possible in accordance with
the journal’s style. Typical examples are shown below.
Journal Articles
Baloglu, S. and Brinberg, D. (1997) ‘Affective images of tourism destinations’, Journal of
Travel Research, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp.11–15.
Books
Bryman, A. and Cramer, D. (1997) Quantitative Data Analysis with SPSS for Windows,
London: Routledge.
Book Chapters
Moscovici, S. (1981) ‘On social representations’, In: Forgas, J.P. (ed.), Social Cognition,
(pp.181–209), London: Academic Press.
Edited Books
Smith, V. and Brent, M., eds., (2001) Hosts and Guests Revisited: Tourism Issues of the 21st
Century. New York: Congizant.
Conference Papers
Vaughan, R., Andriotis, K. and Wilkes, K. (2000) ‘Characteristics of tourism employment:
The case of Crete’. Paper Presented at the 7th ATLAS International Conference. North
South: Contrasts and Connections in Global Tourism. June 1821, 2000. Savonlinna,
Finland.
Thesis
Godfrey, K.B. (1993) Tourism and Sustainable Development: Towards a Sustainable
Framework. PhD thesis. Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Internet
WTTC (2000). World Travel & Tourism Council Key Statistics. Obtained through the
Internet: http://www.wttc.org/, [accessed 15/1/2000].
Compiled by:
Dr. Konstantinos Andriotis
Nottingham Business School
Reader in Tourism and Leisure
Editor‐in‐chief:
Int. J. of Tourism Policy (IJTP)
<http://www.inderscience.com/ijtp>
Int. J. of Hospitality Knowledge Management (IJHKM)
<http://www.inderscience.com/ijhkm>
Book Series Editor:
Tourism Development and Management ‐ Issues and Approaches