CHAPTER 1

PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

Do you feel discouraged, sad, hopeless and unmotivated? If so, you’re suffering
from anxiety and depression. Do you really know what these are?

Nowadays, most of the Grade 10 students are experiencing anxiety and depression.
It can affect the way a person thinks, feels, behaves, and functions. Depression and
Anxiety disorders are different, but people with depression often experience symptom s
similar to those of an anxiety disorder, such as nervousness, irritability, and problems
sleeping and concentrating. They no longer take interest or pleasure in hobbies and
activities that were once enjoyed.

It is common for people who have anxiety to also feel depressed. This research is
dedicated to teenagers especially to students who’s suffering from anxiety and
depression. We have to be aware that is not easy to have this kind of disorder. This
research also will help not only you, but all of the students who’s neglected by their
families/friends, that possibly the reason why they’re experiencing this.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

“The youth is the hope of our nation”- Jose Rizal. We have to protect the youth,
because they can be one of the solutions to solve the problems in our country. Although
some of the youth are didn’t portraying their roles in a good way. One of the objectives of
this study is to perceive the Grade 10 students who’s suffering from anxiety and
depression. We have to guide them in a right direction. They need to comprehend that
their lives is not a waste, they should live their life to the fullest.

The aspiration also of this study is to dig out the main effects if anxiety and
depression to their daily lives. They need to be well-informed about the evading from this
kind of disorder. And aside from that, we have to preclude them to do unfavorable kinds
of things.
 Our ambition in this research is to help the students who’s experiencing
anxiety and depression to overcome with it. We want to know the views of the Grade 10
students in JPLHS about anxiety and depression. And for us, to learn the magnitude of
life.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Our study is casting about the effects of anxiety and depression in the life of
Grade 10 Students I Jose P. Laurel High School and we’re striving to find the answers in
these following questions:

1. How do anxiety and depression affect Grade 10 student performance?

2. What are the symptoms of anxiety and depression?
3. How do Grade 10 students handle this kind of disorder?

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Anxiety and Depression disorders appear to be caused by an interaction of

biopsychosocial factors, including genetic vulnerability, which interact with situations,
stress, or trauma to produce clinically significant syndromes. This kind of disorder is
often not helpful and can even be harmful when not managed effectively. There are a lot
of life changing decisions we have to make and challenges we face daily. As a student,
we are more influenced of encountering involuntary situations or conflicts causing us to
experience feeling like having anxiety and fear of what we cannot control.

This study is relevant, because depression is often linked to anxiety and depression. In
this study the students gave varying answers but the most common were depression due
to experience of rejection at school, family and peer problems and childhood trauma. The
main vision of this research is to help the one who harmed by anxiety and depression to
overcome in this kind of situation.
 Figure 1
Location Map of Jose P. Laurel High School

BACKGROUND AND SETTING OF THE STUDY

We advent this research at Jose P. Laurel High School in which many Grade 10
Students are experiencing anxiety and depression. Jose P. Laurel is one of the public high
schools in District II. This school is located at Manila in the region of NCR. The number
of Grade 10 students here are estimated up to 500, in which these students will be the
respondents in our research.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

The boundary of our study is the effects of anxiety and depression in Grade 10
students in JPLHS. We didn’t include the main causes, instead we only focused on the
bad effects of it to their lives. One of our limitations is that we did not involve the other
youth outside of JPLHS. We will pick up only the views of Grade 10 students in JPLHS
regarded to our study.

ASSUMPTION OF THE STUDY

Each of the students that will give a survey paper will cooperate effectively and
the student’s opinion will be gathered efficiently.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Anxiety- Feeling of unease, such as worry or fear that can be mild or

severe

Comorbidity- The simultaneous presence of two chronic diseases or

conditions in a patient

Disorder- A physical or mental condition that is not normal or

healthy

Behavioral- Interaction with the environment

Medication- A substance used for medical treatment, especially a

medicine or drug

Stressors- Chemical or biological agent, environmental condition, external

stimulus or an event that causes stress to an organism

Depressive- Causing feeling of hopelessness, despondency, and

dejection

Bipolar- Having or relating to two poles or extremities

Symptoms- Physical or mental feature that is regarded as indicating

a condition of disease, particularly such a feature that is

apparent to the patient

Psychological- Affecting, or arising in the mind; related to the mental

and emotional state of a person

 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

In this chapter, the researchers reconceive some literature and studies that are related
to current study. The researchers want to substantiate the actuality of the topic.

FOREIGN LITERATURE

Not that it has hurt the market at last count, about 12% of Americans took
antidepressant. Global revenue for antidepressants was about $14.5 billion in 2014 and is
projected to grow to nearly $17 billion over the next three years. Clinical depression
affects 6.7% of U.S. adults, or about 16 million people, and a growing number of children
and teenagers too. It’s the leading cause of disability in the world, costing the U.S.
economy alone $210 billion a year in lost productivity, missed days of work and care for
the many physical and mental illnesses related to depression, like anxiety, posttraumatic
stress disorder, migraines and sleep disorders.

There hasn’t been a major depression-drug breakthrough in nearly three decades,

but a number of factors are conspiring to change that. Scientists are gaining a more
nuanced picture of what depression is-not a monolithic disease, but probably dozens
distinct maladies-and they’re getting closer to learning what works for which kind of
ailment. With suicides in the U.S. at their highest number in 30 years, experts agree that
patients need faster ways to feel better, without waiting the typical four to eight weeks it
takes for antidepressants to kick in. And as old drugs have gone off patent-making them
less lucrative for drugmakers

companies are eager to find revenue streams.The idea that depression is rooted in the
brain- and not bodily fluid or possessed spirit- didn’t take hold until the 17th century,
when a neurologist named Thomas Willis decreed that melancholia was ‘’a complicated
Distemper of the Brain and Heart.’’ Although he had little else to offer patients besides
the lifestyle remedies of the Greeks, melancholia was finally thought to be at least party
biological. In subsequent years, everything from herbal remedies to opium to music
therapy to spinning stools designed to make people too dizzy to feel pain fell in and out
of vogue.

LOCAL LITERATURE

Oral communication anxiety is one of the most studied phenomena among western
communication researchers. So much attention has been given to this phenomenon that
almost every aspect of it has been explored and written about. Yet, despite it being
extensively studied the case is quite different in the Philippine setting. There is still a
dearth of research data on Filipinos considering oral communication anxiety’s
overwhelming impact on speakers. Filipino teachers have been using western materials in
designing their courses.

As a way of addressing this scarcity, the present study probed into the attributions
beginning students believed to explain their speaking anxieties. Although there are a
number of western theories that explain the nature, causes, effects and manifestations of
public speaking anxiety and numerous empirical findings that confirm those same
theories, it would be interesting to find out Filipino students instinctive and spontaneous
attributions of their own experiences.

FOREIGN STUDY

A host of research conducted across the globe over the past couple of years show
that actually, depression and anxiety are serious health issues found in every society in
the world. In two separate studies from 2012 of anxiety disorders and clinical depression,
researchers at The University of Queensland examined surveys of clinical anxiety and
depression conducted across 91 countries, involving more than 480,000 people.

It was found that anxiety, the most common of all mental disorders, affected about
one in 13 people. According to these studies, anxiety disorders were more commonly
reported in Western societies than in non-Western ones, even for those that are currently
experiencing conflict. But the opposite was true for depression — which, according to the
University of Queensland research, affects about one in 21 people at any point in time.
 The research revealed that, in fact, people in Western countries are least likely to
be depressed, while those in some parts of Asia and the Middle East are most likely to be
depressed. About 9 percent of people have major depression in Asian and Middle Eastern
countries, such as India and Afghanistan, compared with about 4 percent in North and
South America, Australia, New Zealand, and East Asian countries including China,
Thailand, and Indonesia, according to the research, which appeared as part of the Global
Burden of Disease Study, 2012.The studies further found that both major depression and
anxiety are found more commonly in women than in men. While clinical depression is
common throughout a person’s lifespan, anxiety becomes less common in men and
women over the age of 55. But there is also a strong case of argument that closely inks
the prevalence of depression with anxiety and vice versa among any given population.

LOCAL STUDY

The prevalence of anxiety and depression among Filipino COPD patients is 45%
and 24.29% respectively. The investigators hypothesized that the, most of these patients
have meager income to live-by, have a lower subjective dyspnea tolerance to their
condition compared to the other two tertiary care hospitals.

QMMC is a government-owned 350 bed capacity hospital located in Katipunan

Avenue, Quezon City built and organized for the indigents. It also has a residency
training program for internal medicine. It does not have a pulmonary rehabilitation
program. The prevalence of anxiety in Filipino COPD patients in this institution is 50%
while the prevalence of depression is 33.33%. This study ranked the top five
comorbidities in Filipino COPD patients. Hypertension is the most common comorbidity.
This is followed by anxiety at 47.55%. in Lung 201022 , hypertension was also the most
common comorbidity

(64.2%), followed by chronic renal failure (26.3%), diabetes mellitus (25.3%), and
cardiac diseases (22.1%). It was only in recent studies that anxiety is now one of the 12
co-morbidity in COPD patients with the most robust association with mortality together
with other co-morbidities, such as cancers of the lung, pancreas, esophagus, and breast,
followed by pulmonary fibrosis, atrial fibrillation/flutter, congestive heart failure,
coronary artery disease, gastric/duodenal ulcers, liver cirrhosis and diabetes with
neuropathy.

There are several limitations to this study. First, because of its multi-center
character and focus on other underrepresented populations, the population with COPD.
Second, the definition of anxiety and depression was based on a validated scoring
instrument (HADS). An objective, physician-based diagnosis of anxiety and depression
was not sought. Third, the study population was selected based on predefined criteria,
and may not accurately represent the general population of COPD patients. Lastly, a
larger scale study with larger sample size is recommended.
 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter present the discussion on the research methodology of the study
subjects the sampling technique research instruments procedure of the data gathering and
statistical treatment that will be used for accurate data analysis and interpretation.

METHODS OF RESEARCH USED

In this portion correlational analysis to show the link between the issue of the
research and the feedback of the respondents concerning it. The method is presumed to
bring sufficient data for the researchers’ study.

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

The respondents comprised of one hundred (100) selected Grade 10 students of

Jose P. Laurel High School.

INSTRUMENTS USED

In conducting the study, the researchers used questionnaires or survey papers in

written format to be able to collect genuine and valid data directly from the respondents.

DATA GATHERING

The data and information that will be analyzed for the research will come from
the students. The questionnaire is firstly approved by the teacher and the researchers can
then proceed in the dispersion of the papers to the respondents. The survey paper is
mainly based on the researcher’s conducted background study of the affair, completed
studies, professional literatures, published and unpublished thesis. The scattering of
instruments is conducted during the vacant
period to the prevent disturbance of classes. After the students finished answering the
papers, it was then collected and analyze immediately to come up with the appropriate
conclusion and interpretation of the study’s outcome.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

The grade level, age, and gender of the respondents is required and necessary for
the students to answer in their questionnaire’s respective student’s profile. It is needed for
a rational comparison in which group of respondents with the same grade level, age, and
gender is mostly affected by the study’s affair.

FORMULA

The formula used were:

a.) Percentage (‰) = f x 50 N where F=frequency N= total number of
respondents
b.) Arithmetic £ x N where £x = summation of frequency N= respondents
 CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the data congregated from the instruments used in the
study. The composed data were scrutinized and illuminated accordingly paralleled with
the questions fasten in the statement of the problem in the first chapter. The data gathered
were analyzed to acquire useful and usable information about the psychological stress
management and how its affect social and family relationship.

1.The Respondents

The study comprising several profile variables to earn information about

respondents of the study.

1.1 Table 1 shows the characteristics of respondents in terms of age

Table 1
According to Age
Age Frequency Percentage
12-13 0 0%
14-15 39 39%
16-17 61 61%
TOTAL 100 100%
The data on Table 1, shows that most of the respondents who associated in the survey are
mostly in betwixt of 14 and 15 years of age. In the table, 16-17 years of age got 61
frequencies (61%) and 12-13 years of age got 0 frequency (0%). The outcome of the data
in the table was caused by our topic, the only range is in Grade 10 students that’s why the
majority in our data is in 14-15 years old.

1.2 Table 2 shows the profile of respondents in terms of gender

Table 2

Gender distribution of respondents

Gender Frequency Percentage

Female 50 50%
Male 50 50%
TOTAL 100 100%

From the data on Table 2, it disseminated that the majority of the gender
distribution goes in female, these got 50 frequencies (50%) and the gender distribution
goes in male, these got 50 frequencies (50%) among the 100 Grade 10 students who
participated in the survey.
2. Factors Affecting the Grade 10 Students of JPHS in having Anxiety and

Depression.

STATEMENTS FREQUENCY

Never Sometimes Mostly Always

1. Have you been sleeping less? 19 48 15 25
2. Are you starting to lose 21 48 18 13
interest in your daily activities?
3. Have you been anxious? 35 50 14 1
4. Have you preferred to be 25 53 17 5
alone?
5. Have you felt trembling? 26 51 17 6
6. Have you felt numbness of 18 62 17 3
hands and feet?
7. Have you thought of taking 44 38 11 7
your life?
8. How often have you felt tired 21 58 12 9
for no good reason?
9. How often have you felt 18 56 15 11
irritable for no good reason?
10. Have you had a sensation of 33 47 19 1
apprehension?
11. How often have you felt
bothered that you have little 15 30 48 7
interest or pleasure in doing
things?
12. How often have you felt so
nevous that nothing could calm 18 48 23 11
you down?
13. How often have you felt
hopeless? 18 50 20 12
14. How often have you felt
bothered and unable to stop or 26 58 9 7
control worrying?
15. How often have you felt so
restless you could not sit still? 19 57 20 4
16. How often have you felt
depressed? 40 36 13 11
17. How often have you felt that
everything was an effort? 24 42 27 7
18. How often have you felt so
sad that nothing could cheer you 15 52 25 8
up?
19. How often have you felt
worthless? 27 50 18 5
20. How often have you felt
bothered by feeling afraid? 22 51 14 13
 According to the graph, most of the respondents answered sometimes (38.4)
which indicates that the majority of the students are already experiencing the primary
symptoms of depression. It can also be concluded on the statistics that the least number of
the respondents are those who had confirmed that they had reach the actual stage of
depression (8.6). On the other hand, 15.4 answered mostly and 11.7 chose never. And it
can be concluded from the congregated outcome for the instruments to the respondents
that the majority of the Grade 10 Students of Jose P. Laurel High School are almost at the
stage of depression.

Majority of the respondents stated that they do sleepless sometimes (33),

followed by the students who mostly sleepless with (24). Some of the students stated that
they don’t have enough interest in their daily activities sometimes (51) and other students
stated that they mostly don’t have enough interest in their daily activities (10). More of
the respondents says that they do feel fear when there’s a unexpected problems they
encounter sometimes (50), while the other students do feel depression with an average of
sometimes (50). While in the 6th statement many of the respondents (students) preferred
to be alone because of the depression mostly (30) but the other students stated that they
preferred to be alone necessarily (22). Other students encounter lowself-esteem or they
don’t trust their selves mostly (37), on the other hand few of the respondents thought of
taking their lives because of the stress that they encounter with an average of sometimes
(36). Majority of the respondents (Students) always cried at most time, stated by the
students of Jose P. Laurel High School followed by mostly (30).
 Chapter 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

In this chapter the summary of findings of the study is presented. The inferences
based on the findings and the most suitable recommendations based on the gathered
findings and interpreted data. In order to understand the study, the result of the
congregated data has been imitated to the questions presented in the statement of the
problem in the first chapter and the statistical profile of the respondents.

SUMMARY

The major goal of this study is to dictate the factors affecting to Grade 10 students
of Jose P. Laurel High School in having Anxiety and Depression. The researchers used an
implement in congregating the data which is the survey or the researcher-made
questionnaire.
Jose P. Laurel High School has a total population of more than 5,000 students.
Nevertheless, all the answered questionnaires were 100. This research is categorized as
quantitative-descriptive research, because of the implement or an instrument used in
congregating the data which is the survey questionnaires.
In the process of considering the data, the researchers used the four-point Likert
Scale to regulate the level of consensus of the respondents regarding the effects of
Anxiety and Depression in the Grade 10 students of Jose P. Laurel High School. This
scale value responses interpretation varies from “Mostly”, “Sometimes”, “Always” to
“Never” The analytical tools used the prevalence of response of the Grade 10 students to
quantify answers to the specific set of questions.

The weighted arithmetic mean formula was used to determine the profile of the
respondents involving the mild effects of having Anxiety and Depression contemplating
the different variables and conditions. Percentage was used to determine the trends of the
profile of the respondents.
FINDINGS

Profile of the Respondents

 With regard to age, 14-15 is peculiarly the age of Grade 10 students who’s
encountering the symptoms of having an Anxiety and Depression.
 In terms of gender, female outnumbered the male students which is 67 (67%) and
male who has (33%).

1. Factors Affecting Grade 10 Students for having an Anxiety and depression

1.1 In terms of having thought of taking their life which is in 9th statement in
questionnaire, majority of the Grade 10 Students responded “Never”, it means there’s a
few Grade 10 Students who’s suicidal because of Anxiety and Depression.

1.2 Simultaneously in preferring to be alone, most of the respondents answered

“Mostly”, it concluded that most of the Grade 10 Students are preferring to be alone
because of having Anxiety and Depression

1.3 In terms of crying at most times which is in the last statement in questionnaire, the
obtained mean is 18.5 and verbally interpreted as “Always”. The respondents proclaimed
that they always cry at most times, which is one of the effects of Anxiety and Depression.

CONCLUSIONS

Anchored on the summary of findings presented above, the following

conclusions were drawn based from the findings.

1. Most of the respondents who have Anxiety and Depression is female, it means
females are always stressed, because of school, family, financial problems and
etc.
2. There’s a different kind of consequence that Anxiety and Depression have, these
are having thought of taking your life, preferring to be alone and crying at most
times. These are just a few effects of it.
 3. Majority of the respondents who have Anxiety and Depression is in 14-15 of age.
It means that at their minor age, they already experiencing Anxiety and
Depression.

RECOMMENDATION

The following recommendations are hereby presented for related future

researchers about Effects of Anxiety and Depression to Grade 10 Students of Jose P.
Laurel High School. These recommendations are based on the findings of the study and
conclusions.

1. Students who have Anxiety and Depression should have a person who will
motivate them to escape from that kind of disorder. The person who helped the
person with Anxiety and Depression should tell them importance if their lives.

2.For those who’s starting to have an Anxiety and Depression, they should be
aware of the consequences of having it. They must think first why they still alive.

3. The students who have Anxiety and Depression should start considering
depression as ultimately happening for a reason, and even as being a
beneficial way for the mind to protect itself and ultimately guide them to find
better ways of living.