Basic Instructions in Mat lab

1. T = 0: 1:10

This instruction indicates a vector T which has initial value 0 and final value 10 with an
increment of 1

Therefore T = [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10]

2. F= 20: 1: 100

Therefore F = [20 21 22 23 24 ……… 100]

3. T= 0:1/pi: 1

Therefore T= [0, 0.3183, 0.6366, 0.9549]

4. zeros (1, 3)

The above instruction creates a vector of one row and three columns whose values are zero

Output= [0 0 0]

5. zeros( 2,4)

Output = 0 0 0 0

0000

6. ones (5,2)

The above instruction creates a vector of five rows and two columns

Output = 11

11

11

11

11

7. a = [ 1 2 3] b = [4 5 6]

a.*b = [4 10 18]
8. If C= [2 2 2]
b.*C results in [8 10 12]
9. plot (t, x)

If x = [6 7 8 9] t = [1 2 3 4]

This instruction will display a figure window which indicates the plot of x versus t

10. stem (t,x) :- This instruction will display a figure window as shown

11. Subplot: This function divides the figure window into rows and columns.

Subplot (2 2 1) divides the figure window into 2 rows and 2 columns 1 represent number of the
figure
Subplot (3 1 2) divides the figure window into 3 rows and 1 column 2 represent number of the
figure

12. Conv
Syntax: w = conv(u,v)
Description: w = conv(u,v) convolves vectors u and v. Algebraically, convolution is the same
operation as multiplying the polynomials whose coefficients are the elements of u and v.
13.Disp
Syntax: disp(X)
Description: disp(X) displays an array, without printing the array name. If X contains a text
string, the string is displayed. Another way to display an array on the screen is to type its name,
but this prints a leading "X=," which is not always desirable. Note that disp does not display
empty arrays.
14.xlabel
Syntax: xlabel('string')
Description: xlabel('string') labels the x-axis of the current axes.
15. ylabel
Syntax : ylabel('string')
Description: ylabel('string') labels the y-axis of the current axes.

16.Title

Syntax : title('string')

Description: title('string') outputs the string at the top and in the center of the current axes.

17. grid on

Syntax: grid on

Description: grid on adds major grid lines to the current axes.

18. FFT Discrete Fourier transform.

FFT(X) is the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of vector X. For matrices, the FFT operation is
applied to each column. For N-D arrays, the FFT operation operates on the first non-singleton
dimension.

FFT(X,N) is the N-point FFT, padded with zeros if X has less than N points and truncated if it
has more.

19. ABS Absolute value.

ABS(X) is the absolute value of the elements of X. When X is complex, ABS(X) is the complex
modulus (magnitude) of the elements of X.

20. ANGLE Phase angle.

ANGLE (H) returns the phase angles, in radians, of a matrix with complex elements.

21. INTERP Resample data at a higher rate using low pass interpolation.

Y = INTERP(X, L) resamples the sequence in vector X at L times the original sample rate. The
resulting resampled vector Y is L times longer, LENGTH(Y) = L*LENGTH(X).

22. DECIMATE Resample data at a lower rate after low pass filtering.

Y = DECIMATE(X, M) resamples the sequence in vector X at 1/M times the original sample
rate. The resulting resampled vector Y is M times shorter, i.e., LENGTH(Y) = CEIL
(LENGTH(X)/M).