MIND

VER
MATTER: THE ANATOMY OF MENTAL ILLNESSES
Mental health is important at all stages in life. It affects how we act, think,
and feel and is comprised of psychological, social, and emotional
well-being. In this infographic, we perform a post-mortem
on mental illnesses, the common types, the diagnosis, treatment, and more.

MENTAL HEALTH
NEURODEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
PSYCHOTIC
DISORDERS
DISORDERS:
Abnormal brain development or damage Paranoia, delusions, and hallucinations
Examples: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Example: Schizophrenia
(ADHD),
Autism spectrum disorder, and learning disorders.

BIPOLAR AND RELATED DEPRESSIVE ELIMINATION SLEEP-WAKE

DISORDERS DISORDERS DISORDERS DISORDERS

Excessive excitement and depression. Alternating Emotional feelings of sadness and happiness
Inappropriate elimination of stool and urine — Sleep disorders that require clinical attention
periods of mania. Examples: Depressive and premenstrual
accidental or on purpose Examples: Insomnia, restless legs syndrome,
Example: Mania and hypomania dysphoric disorders
Example: Bedwetting (enuresis) sleep apnea

OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND ANXIETY GENDER DISRUPTIVE, IMPULSE-CONTROL

RELATED DISORDERS DISORDERS DYSPHORIA AND CONDUCT DISORDERS

Repetitive thoughts and actions, It’s an umbrella term for different types Distress attached to a person's desire to be Behavioural self-control and emotional problems
preoccupations, obsessions of conditions another gender Examples: Intermittent explosive disorder
Examples: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Examples: Anxiety disorder, phobias, Example: Preference to dress, or Kleptomania
trichotillomania and panic disorder develop mannerisms, grow, and live as the
opposite gender

TRAUMA AND STRESSOR-RELATED DISSOCIATIVE SUBSTANCE-RELATED AND NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERS

DISORDERS DISORDERS ADDICTIVE DISORDERS

Adjustment disorders, trouble coping after
or during a stressful life event
Examples: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
and acute stress disorder
Escape from reality and detachment
from memory, thoughts,
consciousness, and identity.
Examples: Disrup
Risk of psychological and physiological
harm due to misuse of
drugs and alcohol
Example: Alcohol, caffeine, tobacco and drug abuse.
Also includes gambling disorder
Inability to think and reason.
Examples: Delirium, and disorders caused by or
Alzheimer's disease or traumatic brain injury.

SOMATIC SYMPTOM AND PERSONALITY PARAPHILIC

FEEDING AND EATING
RELATED DISORDERS DISORDERS DISORDERS
DISORDERS

Physical symptoms with no clear medical cause, Disturbances associated with eating Unhealthy behaviour, emotional instability Sexual interest -> causes distress -> leads to actual
associated with significant Examples: Binge-eating disorder —> Hamper life and relationships. or potential harm to another person.
impairment and distress and Anorexia nervosa Examples: Borderline personality and Examples: Sexual sadism, pedophilic disorder,
Examples: Somatic Symptom Disorder antisocial personality disorders. and voyeuristic disorder.
( hypochondriasis)
and factitious disorder

INHERITED TRAITS
ADDITIONAL Heritable mental illnesses

RISK
Risk factor: Genes

COMPLICATIONS DEVELOPMENTAL
Exposure to toxins at a developmental stage.
Risk factor: Exposure to alcohol, drugs, viruses,
Untreated mental illness causes disability, severe emotional,
physical, behavioural and health problems.
Also causes legal and financial problems.
FACTORS:
In general, mental illnesses understood to
toxins, while in the womb

BRAIN CHEMISTRY
be caused by: Developmental & Genetic factors.
Chemical changes in the brain.
Weakened immunity Risk factor: Biochemical changes in the brain,
brain chemicals (neurotransmitters), and
Unhappiness, relationship difficulties, family conflicts,
hormonal imbalances
poverty and homelessness
Social isolation problems
Alcohol, tobacco, and drug abuse
Problems related to work or school
SYMPTOMS

Suicidal/Homicidal thoughts Feeling down or sad

Other medical conditions including heart disease Reduced ability to concentrate or confused thinking
Extreme feeling of guilt, excessive worries or fears
Extreme high and low mood swings
Withdrawal from activities and friends
Low energy, problems sleeping, significant tiredness
Delusions, hallucinations, and paranoia
Inability to cope with stress or daily problems
Trouble relating to/understanding situations/people
Alcohol or drug abuse
Significant changes in eating habits and sex drive
Excessive hostility, violence, anger
Suicidal thoughts
Physical problems: headache, stomach pain, back pain

TREATMENT
MEDICATIONS PSYCHOTHERAPY
Recommended when: Condition, feelings, moods, behaviour and thoughts
Antidepressants
are to assessed.
For anxiety, and depression
Recommended when: Patient exhibits anxiety, depression, sadness,
Comprised of: Stress management skills, talk therapy with a mental health provider.
hopelessness, difficulty concentrating, lack of energy, disinterest in activities.

Anti-anxiety medications
For panics and generalized anxiety disorder.
Recommended when: Patient exhibits panics and generalized anxiety disorder.
BRAIN-STIMULATION
TREATMENTS
Mood-stabilizing medications
Recommended when: medications and psychotherapy fail.
For bipolar disorder with alternating episodes of mania and depression.
Recommended when: Patient exhibits bipolar disorder with alternating episodes Comprised of: transcranial magnetic stimulation, electroconvulsive therapy,
of mania and depression. vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation.

Make sure you understand all the risks and benefits of any recommended treatment.

Antipsychotic medications
For schizophrenia, bipolar disorders and depression.

Recommended when: Patient exhibits psychotic disorders like schizophrenia,

bipolar disorders, and depression.

SUBSTANCE ABUSE
TREATMENT
RESIDENTIAL AND HOSPITAL
Recommended when: Drugs, alcohol, and tobacco interferes with treatment
TREATMENT PROGRAMS and worsens mental illness.

Recommended when: mental illness severe (can’t care for yourself, danger Comprised of:

of harming oneself/someone) Medications (for withdrawal/stem cravings)

Inpatient treatment (withdrawal/detox programme)

Comprised of: Partial or day hospitalization, residential treatment, Outpatient treatment programs

24-hour inpatient care, intensive outpatient treatment. Support groups (eg., Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.))

STAY ACTIVE-EXERCISE
REGULARLY

AVOID ALCOHOL/ DETERMINE

DRUG/TOBACCO PRIORITIES/GOALS

STICK TO
STAY POSITIVE,
TREATMENT PLAN
ACCEPT CHANGES

SELF-CARE
Self-treatment: doesn’t work in most cases. Requires professional help.

TAKE BIG DECISIONS

SKIP WHEN SYMPTOMS SEVERE
MEDICATION

SKIP THERAPY IGNORE YOUR

SESSIONS TREATING DOCTOR

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