C

Which of the following is NOT one of the five basic questions that is addressed in the sample
design phase?

A) "Should a sample be taken?"

B) "What kind of sample should be taken?"

C) "How much should the sample cost?"

D) "How large should the sample be?"

E) "What process should be followed?"

In sampling, a(n) ________ is the object or person about which or from which the information is
desired.

A) element

B) incident

C) hypothesis

D) census

E) information unit

1/37

Terms in this set (37)

Which of the following is NOT one of the five basic questions that is addressed in the sample
design phase?
A) "Should a sample be taken?"

B) "What kind of sample should be taken?"

C) "How much should the sample cost?"

D) "How large should the sample be?"

E) "What process should be followed?"

In sampling, a(n) ________ is the object or person about which or from which the information is
desired.

A) element

B) incident

C) hypothesis

D) census

E) information unit

Objects that possess the information the researcher seeks and about which the researcher will
make inferences is called a(n) ________.

A) incident

B) element

C) hypothesis

D) census

E) inference unit

According to the text, in survey research, the element is usually the ________.
A) questionnaire

B) interviewer

C) respondent

D) product

E) Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)

A(n) ________ is the total of all the elements that share some common set of characteristics.

A) sample

B) population

C) inference

D) hypothesis

E) elements

The aggregate of all elements, sharing some common set of characteristics, which comprise the
universe for the purpose of the marketing research problem, is called the ________.

A) sample

B) inference

C) hypothesis

D) population

E) element aggregate

A(n) ________ involves a complete count of each element in a population.

A) census

B) sample

C) element

D) sampling unit

E) count

A complete enumeration of the elements of a population or study objects is called a(n)

________.

A) sample

B) element

C) census

D) sampling unit

E) count

A(n) ________ is a subgroup of the elements of the population selected for participation in the
study.

A) census

B) element

C) incident

D) sample

E) segment

Which of the following conditions does NOT favor the choice of using a sample over a census?
A) small budget

B) Time available is short.

C) Population size is large.

D) Variance in the characteristic of interest is low.

E) Cost of sampling error is high.

According to the text, which of the following is the first step in the sampling design process?

A) define the population

B) determine the sampling frame

C) select sampling technique(s)

D) determine the sample size

E) count your resources available

The collection of elements or objects that possess the information the researcher seeks and
about which the researcher will make inferences is called the ________.

A) target population

B) census

C) element

D) incident

E) intended abstract

The target population should be defined in terms of all of the following EXCEPT in terms of
________.
A) elements

B) cost

C) sampling units

D) time frame

E) extent

A(n) ________ is the basic unit containing the elements of the population to be sampled.

A) hypothesis

B) theory

C) sampling unit

D) coefficient alpha

E) household

A(n) ________ is a representation of the elements of the target population, which consists of a
list or set of directions for identifying the target population.

A) sampling frame

B) census tract

C) sampling unit

D) hypothesis

E) geodemographic template

________ relies on the personal judgment of the researcher, rather than chance, in selecting
sampling elements.
A) Nonprobability sampling

B) Probability sampling

C) Simple random sampling

D) Systematic sampling

E) Umpire sampling

Sampling techniques that do not use chance selection procedures and rely on the personal
judgment of the researcher are called ________.

A) probability sampling techniques

B) nonprobability sampling techniques

C) stratified sampling

D) cluster sampling

E) semantic differential sampling

Examples of nonprobability sampling include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A) interviewing people at street corners

B) interviewing people in retail stores

C) interviewing people in malls

D) asking for referrals from participants who volunteer

E) All of the above selections are examples of nonprobability sampling.

According to the text, ________ refers to the level of uncertainty about the characteristic being
measured.
A) precision

B) reliability

C) validity

D) efficiency

E) technical doubt

In ________, sampling elements are selected by chance, that is, randomly.

A) nonprobability sampling

B) convenience sampling

C) judgmental sampling

D) probability sampling

E) lotto sampling

A sampling procedure in which each element of the population has a fixed probabilistic chance
of being selected for the sample is called ________.

A) probability sampling

B) nonprobability sampling

C) quota sampling

D) snowball sampling

E) window sampling

The number of units to be included in a study is called the ________.

A) census
B) sampling frame

C) sample size

D) incident

E) company roster

All of the following are examples of commonly used nonprobability sampling techniques EXCEPT
________.

A) judgmental sampling

B) quota sampling

C) snowball sampling

D) cluster sampling

E) convenience sampling

Which of the following is NOT an example of a commonly used probability sampling technique?

A) quota sampling

B) systematic sampling

C) stratified sampling

D) cluster sampling

E) simple random sampling

________ is a nonprobability sampling technique that attempts to obtain a sample of convenient

elements and leaves the selection of sampling units primarily to the interviewer.

A) Convenience sampling
B) Snowball sampling

C) Simple random sampling

D) Systematic sampling

E) Window sampling

All of the following are examples of convenience sampling EXCEPT ________.

A) expert witnesses used in court

B) use of students, church groups, and members of social organizations

C) department stores using charge account lists

D) tear-out questionnaires included in a magazine

E) mall intercept interviews conducted without qualifying respondents

In which of the following types of research are convenience samples appropriate to use?

A) descriptive research

B) causal research

C) exploratory research

D) survey research

E) any research where the goal is to draw population inferences

A form of convenience sampling in which the population elements are selected based on the
researcher's discretion is called ________.

A) quota sampling

B) snowball sampling
C) judgmental sampling

D) sampling

E) simple random sampling

Which of the following is NOT a common example of judgmental sampling?

A) test markets selected to determine the potential of a new product

B) purchase engineers selected in industrial marketing research because they are considered to
be representative of the company

C) department stores selected to test new merchandising display

D) mall intercept interviews conducted without qualifying the respondents

E) precincts selected in voting behavior research

________ is a nonprobability sampling technique that is a two-stage restricted judgmental

sampling. The first stage consists of developing control categories of population elements. In the
second stage, sample elements are selected based on convenience or judgment.

A) Quota sampling

B) Simple random sampling

C) Snowball sampling

D) Cluster sampling

E) Stratified sampling

A nonprobability sampling technique in which an initial group of respondents is selected

randomly and subsequent respondents are selected based on the referrals or information
provided by the initial respondents is called ________.
A) quota sampling

B) snowball sampling

C) stratified sampling

D) cluster sampling

E) respondent sampling

________ is a probability sampling technique in which each element in the population has a
known and equal probability of selection.

A) Simple random sampling

B) Quota sampling

C) Snowball sampling

D) Cluster sampling

E) Equivalent sampling

________ is a technique used to overcome the bias of unpublished and recent telephone
numbers by selecting all telephone number digits at random.

A) Systematic dialing

B) Cluster dialing

C) Quota dialing

D) Random-digit dialing

E) Speed dialing

Which of the following is NOT a weakness of simple random sampling?

A) difficult to construct sampling frame

B) expensive

C) lower precision producing samples with large standard errors

D) no assurance of representativeness

E) not easily understood

Which of the following is NOT a weakness of stratified sampling?

A) difficult to select relevant stratification variables

B) not feasible to stratify on many variables

C) expensive

D) All are weaknesses of stratified sampling.

E) None are weaknesses of stratified sampling.

A probability sampling technique in which the sample is chosen by selecting a random starting
point and then picking every ith element in succession from the sampling frame is called
________.

A) simple random sampling

B) snowball sampling

C) cluster sampling

D) systematic sampling

E) succession sampling

According to the text, all of the following are challenges faced in implementing a sampling design
in international research EXCEPT ________.
A) individuals responsible for making or influencing decision may vary

B) in developing an appropriate sampling frame one cannot rely on high-quality secondary data
as one can in developed countries

C) equivalence of samples can elude the researcher

D) probability sampling techniques are uncommon overseas

E) non-governmental organizations are needed for implementing the sampling design in some
countries of the world

Sampling

1. When each member of a population has an equally likely chance of being selected, this is
called:

a. A nonrandom sampling method

b. A quota sample

c. A snowball sample

d. An Equal probability selection method

2. Which of the following techniques yields a simple random sample?

a. Choosing volunteers from an introductory psychology class to participate

b. Listing the individuals by ethnic group and choosing a proportion from within

each ethnic group at random.

c. Numbering all the elements of a sampling frame and then using a random number

table to pick cases from the table.

d. Randomly selecting schools, and then sampling everyone within the school.

3. Which of the following is not true about stratified random sampling?

a. It involves a random selection process from identified subgroups

b. Proportions of groups in the sample must always match their population proportions
c. Disproportional stratified random sampling is especially helpful for getting large enough

subgroup samples when subgroup comparisons are to be done

d. Proportional stratified random sampling yields a representative sample

4. Which of the following statements are true?

a. The larger the sample size, the greater the sampling error

b. The more categories or breakdowns you want to make in your data analysis, the larger

the sample needed

c. The fewer categories or breakdowns you want to make in your data analysis, the larger

the sample needed

d. As sample size decreases, so does the size of the confidence interval

5. Which of the following formulae is used to determine how many people to include in the
original sampling?

a. Desired sample size/Desired sample size + 1

b. Proportion likely to respond/desired sample size

c. Proportion likely to respond/population size

d. Desired sample size/Proportion likely to respond

6. Which of the following sampling techniques is an equal probability selection method (i.e.,
EPSEM) in which every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected?

a. Simple random sampling

b. Systematic sampling

c. Proportional stratified sampling

d. Cluster sampling using the PPS technique

e. All of the above are EPSEM

7. Which of the following is not a form of nonrandom sampling?

a. Snowball sampling

b. Convenience sampling

c. Quota sampling

d. Purposive sampling

e. They are all forms of nonrandom sampling

8. Which of the following will give a more “accurate” representation of the population from
which a sample has been taken?

a. A large sample based on the convenience sampling technique

b. A small sample based on simple random sampling

c. A large sample based on simple random sampling

d. A small cluster sample

9. Sampling in qualitative research is similar to which type of sampling in quantitative research?

a. Simple random sampling

b. Systematic sampling

c. Quota sampling

d. Purposive sampling

10. Which of the following would generally require the largest sample size?

a. Cluster sampling

b. Simple random sampling

c. Systematic sampling

d. Proportional stratified sampling

11. How often does the Census Bureau take a complete population count?

a. Every year

b. Every five years

c. Every ten years

d. Twice a year

12. People who are available, volunteer, or can be easily recruited are used in the sampling
method called ______.

a. Simple random sampling

b. Cluster sampling

c. Systematic sampling

d. Convenience sampling

13. Which of the following types of sampling involves the researcher determining the
appropriate sample sizes for the groups identified as important, and then taking convenience
samples from those groups?

a. Proportional stratified sampling

b. Quota sampling

c. One-stage cluster sampling

d. Two-stage cluster sampling

14. A type of sampling used in qualitative research that involves selecting cases that disconfirm
the researcher's expectations and generalizations is referred to as _______________.

a. Extreme case sampling

b. Typical-case sampling

c. Critical-case sampling
d. Negative-case sampling

15. Using Figure 6.6 (pg. 178), how many participants will you need for a research study with a
population of 120,000?

a. 242

b. 331

c. 377

d. 384

16. In which of the following nonrandom sampling techniques does the researcher ask the
research participants to identify other potential research participants?

a. Snowball

b. Convenience

c. Purposive

d. Quota

17. Which of the following is the most efficient random sampling technique discussed in your
chapter?

a. Simple random sampling

b. Proportional stratified sampling

c. Cluster random sampling

d. Systematic sampling

18. If we took the 500 people attending a school in New York City, divided them by gender, and
then took a random sample of the males and a random sampling of the females, the variable on
which we would divide the population is called the _____.

a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable

c. Stratification variable

d. Sampling variable

19. A number calculated with complete population data and quantifies a characteristic of the
population is called which of the following?

a. A datum

b. A statistic

c. A parameter

d. A population

20. The type of sampling in which each member of the population selected for the sample is
returned to the population before the next member is selected is called _________.

a. Sampling without replacement

b. Sampling with replacement

c. Simple random sampling

d. Systematic sampling

21. Which of the following is not a type of nonrandom sampling?

a. Cluster sampling

b. Convenience sampling

c. Quota sampling

d. Purposive sampling

e. They are all type of nonrandom sampling

22. Which of the following would usually require the smallest sample size because of its
efficiency?
a. One stage cluster sampling

b. Simple random sampling

c. Two stage cluster sampling

d. Quota sampling

23. A technique used when selecting clusters of different sizes is called _____.

a. Cluster sampling

b. One-stage sampling

c. Two-stage sampling

d. Probability proportional to size or PPS

24. The process of drawing a sample from a population is known as _________.

a. Sampling

b. Census

c. Survey research

d. None of the above

25. It is recommended to use the whole population rather than a sample when the population
size is of what size?

a. 500 or less

b. 100 or less

c. 1000 or less

d. you should always use a sample

26. Which of the following is not an example of a nonrandom sampling technique?

a. Purposive
b. Quota

c. Convenience

d. Cluster

27. Which of the following sampling methods is the best way to select a group of people for a
study if you are interested in making statements about the larger population?

a. Convenience sampling

b. Quota sampling

c. Purposive sampling

d. Random sampling

28. ___________ is a set of elements taken from a larger population according to certain rules.

a. Sample

b. Population

c. Statistic

d. Element

29. Determining the sample interval (represented by k), randomly selecting a number between 1
and k, and including each kth element in your sample are the steps for which form of sampling?

a. Simple Random Sampling

b. Stratified Random Sampling

c. Systematic Sampling

d. Cluster sampling

30. The nonrandom sampling type that involves selecting a convenience sample from a
population with a specific set of characteristics for your research study is called _____.

a. Convenience sampling
b. Quota sampling

c. Purposive sampling

d. Snowball sampling

Answers:

1. d

2. c

3. b

4. b

5. d

6. e

7. e

8. c

9. d

10. a

11. c

12. d

13. b

14. d

15. d

16. a

17. b

18. c

19. c

20. b
21. a

22. b

23. d

24. a

25. b

26. d

27. d

28. a

29. c

30. c

Questions and Answers

1.

What is the main difference between probability and non-probability sampling?

A.

Probability sampling involves the need for the computation of a sample via certain equations

B.

Non-probability sampling is preferred in qualitative research

C.

Randomization is involved in probability sampling

D.

Non-probability sampling is more appropriate for interviews

2.

During the conduct of his survey, Lucas chose his respondents by ensuring that they are those
who can provide him the needed data for his study. The type of non-probability sampling that he
utilized is known as:

Discuss

A.

Convenience sampling

B.

Judgement sampling

C.

Snowball sampling

D.

Quota sampling

3.

Which among the following formulas is relevant towards systematic random sampling?

A.

K=N/n

B.

N=N/k

C.
N = (Ni / N) (n)

D.

K = (N)(N) / 2n

4.

Engelbert chooses the elements for his sample by giving particular attention for each sub-
population. He sees to it that every computed stratum sample is the same with the other strata
and that the respondents are chosen randomly. What sampling design is used?

Discuss

A.

Systematic random sampling

B.

Stratified random sampling with equal allocation

C.

Stratified random sampling with proportional allocation

D.

Cluster sampling

5.

A sampling technique used in Qualitative research wherein the researcher chooses individuals
who are easily accessible to become respondents for the study.

A.

Judgment Sampling
B.

Convenience Sampling

C.

Snowball Sampling

D.

Quota Sampling

6.

Michael wanted to have an equal allocation of units per sample of each stratum for a population
of 352. The following are the subpopulation for each stratum: Chinese 125, Japanese 84, Filipino
94, and Korean 49. How many sample for each stratum would be needed?

Discuss

A.

37

B.

47

C.

57

D.

67
7.

A type of probability sampling where the researcher randomly selects groups from an
assemblage then considers the population for each selected group to be engaged in the study.

A.

Simple random sampling

B.

Systematic sampling

C.

Stratified random sampling

D.

Cluster sampling

8.

During the course of his study, Felipe noted that the 514 patients were categorized based on
their developmental stage. The following were listed: Adolescence 163, Young Adult 201, and
Late Adult 150. Help Felipe in trying to compute for the sample per stratum using stratified
random sampling with proportional allocation. This would give us:

Discuss

A.

Adolescent 65, Young Adult 93, Late Adult 66

B.

Adolescent 71, Young Adult 88, Late Adult 66

C.

Adolescent 71, Young Adult 80, Late Adult 74

D.

Adolescent 62, Young Adult 93, Late Adult 78

9.

9. A type of non-probability sampling where the required sample and sample per stratum is
determined and complied, however, it lacks randomization in the selection of the respondents
for the study.

Discuss

A.

Convenience sampling

B.

Judgement sampling

C.

Snowball sampling

D.

Quota sampling

10.

10. Marice determines her respondents by asking people as to who would be most suited for her
study. Through this, she is referred from one respondent to the other. What type of non-
probability sampling has been utilized?

A.

Convenience sampling

B.

Snowball sampling

C.

Judgement sampling

D.

Quota sampling