PAPYRUS SHEATHS AND PTAHSOKAR.OSIRIS STATUES ‘Among the numerous funerary objects dating to the Inter periods of Exyptian history the furs known at hollow Ori or Pah Soar-Osrs states are perhaps the mos intiuing force Though often very airacve and constituting, therefore, favoured collectors items, {hay have not been Fvoured fo the same dese with scolar attention. This is all he more Tenarkable at apart from the mare sync data involved, tee tats contain a wealth of {aration also fo the study of prosopography and geneiogy, the history of burl eustoms ard the development of rigs themes | ope thatthe flowing paragsphs wl contribute {othe reabiation ofthese intersting objects. Apart ffom a thorough examination of the {Leiden specimens aod bi visto some other colleen, ll information gathered ete bas ten exepled fom museum caalogbes, excavation reports, and related Iierature, Thus, my crelusions cannot be mre than preliminary only. “The eject of his ate was suggested to me by my teacher Dr. JF. Borghouts ‘Toanks are de to him and wo all those who provided me with wel bp and information Dr RS, Bianchi (Brooklyn Moseum), Dr. ML. Bieber (British Mustum), Dr. E. Grate {Gredburg LB. Universi), Dr 1.J Jansen (Leiden Universi), Dr. R.A. Lunsingh Scheurer {Alaa Peron Museunt Amterdam), Dr. H-D. Scheider (Leiden Museum), Drs. R. van Walem (Leen Universi) and Miss H, Whitehouse (Royel Scottish Museum). I thank the rruseum photographers M.J. Vinketin and PJ. Bombo for ter exelent work. Twit 1. Clpret my pec rtiide to my wile, Drs Nenke Raver-Sienkanp, for her constant Spport and for eiealy reading the English manos. conse es ? : teem, | ES 2 feet S| Pome 7 coe |e. § Eee? | Bette 2 = | = :» antes eave 1. Derounon ‘A characteristic tam ofthe fanerary Furniture in later Egyptian burials conse of wooden sate of «god, oflen having a cavity in trunk or base: Unaly these states a ‘sing designated as om Osis wr Pla Shar Onis nat, cess it Duh ne Pret ‘ezypologeal erature the crm papyrusshealls i curen ‘The satu represts a murmaform human being. te hands being sometimes shown, sometines ot Genenlly the head ether beats the aif erown of the tiparie vig plac Feather erown. Often the vasous parts of the headess — onic feathers, ram hors uneus serpents ve been consructe by fiting logether separate pices of wool. Many states have Been provided with a tack pila, Beyond the fect the state is conned a | heavy wooden pep; frequety a rectangular plinth has been inserted between these to ements BY means ofthe peg the state has been fined onthe rear of lng ceangulat tse that juts out considerably infront of it. The lengh of his base varies between 15 tnd 0 cm, the ttl ight of the satu it 4 to 80cm Although oid figures are by ne means rare, more characteristic isthe ovcresce of cavity (figs. 1-9. Ofen this is @ casket excavated in the font part of the tase and lose with a (ising panel that may ether beat 2 wooden representation of # mummified falcon? fig the ste or a miniature sarcophagus of the ‘ype wih angle poss. Very ‘common, however, ra cavity i the trunk ofthe satu ill In thi cate the body hae teen manufactured ia two pars: type with a low back pane can be stings fom nother withthe to faves of the body joining like the pars ofa coffin ‘Apat from examples covered eal with Back vareth eroncously ced bitumen, the states were genaly finshed with a layer of white plaster, or Hnen and pase, then painted in varourcolours adding the det of body patel. and insertions. Srnetines. the gues have nai eyes or metal ateibutes®, Rather common isthe vse of go lea on face, eck, hands, and deortins, wheteas a few statues have been wholy covered with Isld*. Some spcimers show remnants of linen shrouds, common feature in tee pes ‘of fuecay status” 2. Tus Eeyrrowoorcst Teaomon All these fetus together flat the distinction of separate types, a vente never yt ght ws a edn mining way. The stata However commen In Iser Eeypean ira, tuve often bein neleted snd are ising aloether in many publextion Tait tt mn 8 pm Bt ma amin 6 2 Cesena : * mre 9 1 208, 1 Bt 8 06 3, 5 oper 2.2635 Cael EXPAPYRUESHEATIC AND Pra SAR OBI TATE » Surpisigly enough, iis msl in the ntl years of epypoloy that thee “ile ecived fue atenion. The cavities of some types were found to contain funerary pape, which Stimulated waves, collectors and eholar to eabish&rowph clsifeation ins two Boupe “The cariest reference known to me is by Minuto (182) who published éenwing of & ‘ackvarised Oss sunve enclosing papyrus, contrast wine poljerome sate Wi feather crown and arket "Yo contain incense and other offerings. Passa (182) drow & ving ine between Osiris mis (with ate) and Osiris non mir (with su se and 80 feathers), the fist type avays conning a funerary manuserpt ithe trunk the second sometimes enclosing a papyrs in the base". Minutol's Nackirdge (182) tpeted this Statement concerning the Mya a new clement i the theories, however, was the remark ‘hat the igus, or rather the caskets in the ase, had been meant te contin mummies of small animals, eg. serpents, or even human foetuses Bazoni and. Ries vee cited a8 suthorts The ube of eqyplolony, Champolion, pave thes theories seni foundation his Norce (1827): states of Osis Pete Pameniis, Sack of pobyhrome, contain fuerary manuscripts, whereas PhihoSocar-Osris statues have a carkt witht mui object!" Roslin (1836) intodoceé agin new element by stating tht the cate contain ‘he mummified penis ofthe desased'™ This theory was cited by Leemans, whose Description ofthe Leiden coletion (1840) was pated upon Champalio’s Note; the ianoation ofthe Dutch eyptoloit consisted of he rst mention of prin of cor ound inside the mui nenanrapped objets, Hardly anything has been changed in the theories about these gute soe the daye ofthese pioneers. The statues were made to oatain roll of papyrus in the trnk, whereas buses or caskets may hold smaller manuscripts, sometimes daly some papyrsAires'* or 8 piece of cloth a a substitute. Sates or bass often encose& small muaiform objet which consis of par of the corpse", expecully pens, enrals™, or hr!” Very rare ae the refeenes to grains of corn, sowed in 2 ‘mentions a small wooden Osis ratte ss contents o a bigercongees = ee re ee mag aigivences muna mgt acesmaae tome ee re eam tee sel nae etc © budge 193,68 ‘: ee cam