SURYA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

AE 6403 / PROPULSION-I QUESTION BANK

UNIT-I FUNDAMENTALS OF AIRBREATING ENGINES

1. Draw the diagram for Turbojet with dual axial compressor and mention its parts.

2. Draw the diagram for Turbojet with after burner

3. Draw the diagram for Simple turbojet engine

4. Write down the working process of Turbo jet engine.

a-1 From far upstream, where the velocity of the air relative to the engine is the flight velocity,
the air is brought to the intake, usually with some acceleration or deceleration.
1-2 The air velocity is decreased as the air is carried to the compressor inlet through the inlet
diffuser and ducting system.
2-3 The air is compressed in a dynamic compressor
3-4 The air is "heated" by the mixing and burning of fuel in the air.
4-5 The air is expanded through a turbine to obtain power to drive the compressor.
5-6 The air may or may not be further "heated" by the addition and burning of more fuel in an
afterburner.
6-7 The air is accelerated and exhausted through the exhaust nozzle.
5.Write the Isentropic efficiencies for compressor, turbine and nozzle.

6. Define TFSC.

Mf= fuel mass flow rate

T= Thrust

f= air-fuel ratio

ue= exit velocity

u= flight speed

7. Draw the diagram for High by pass turbo fan and mention its parts.
8. Draw the diagram for simple Turbo prop engine and mention its parts.

9. Draw the diagram for Ram jet and mention its parts
10. Draw the diagram for TSFC Vs Mach no for various gas turbine engines.

11.Draw the P-V and T-S diagram for Brayton cycle

12. What are the assumptions made in Gas turbine Engines?

 l. There is no pressure loss in the combustion chamber and in piping, etc.
2. There is no increase in the rate of mass flow due to the addition of the fuel.
3. The specific heat remains constant at all temperatures and is same for compressor as well as
turbine flow.
4. Radiation and mechanical losses are neglected.

13.Draw the Actual and ideal P-V and T-S diagram for Brayton cycle.

14. Draw the Simple T-S diagram for turbo jet engine

15. Draw the Simple T-S diagram for ideal ramjet engine.

16. Draw the T-S diagram for turbo jet engine with after burner
17. Define Compressor isentropic efficiency for Turbojet engine

18. Define Turbine isentropic efficiency for Turbojet engine.

19. Define Propulsive efficiency and thrust power.

The efficiency can be defined as the ratio of the useful propulsive energy or thrust
power to the sun of that energy and the unused kinetic energy of the jet.

The latter is the kinetic energy of the jet relative to the earth, namely m(Cj- Ca)2 /2. Thus

The product of thrust and flight velocity is called thrust power.

20. Define Ram efficiency

The ram efficiency ,. is defined by the ratio of the ram pressure rise to the inlet dynamic head,
namely

21. Write the Advantages and disadvantages of turbojet engine.

Advantages:
I. The power weight ratio of a turbojet is about 4 times that of a reciprocating engine propeller
system.
2. It is simple, easy to maintain, and requires lower lubricating oil consumption. Furthermore,
complete absence of liquid cooling results in reduced frontal area.
3. There is no limit to the power output which can be obtained from a turbojet while the piston
engines have reached almost their peak 'power and further increase will be at the cost of
complexity and greater 'engine weight and frontal area of the aircraft.
4. The speed of a turbojet is not limited by the propeller and it can attain higher flight speeds than
engine propeller aircrafts.
Disadvantages
1. The fuel economy at low operational speeds is extremely poor.
2. It has low take-off thrust, and hence poor starting characteristics.

22. Write the Advantages and disadvantages of turboprop engine.

1. Turboprop engines have a higher thrust at take-off and better fuel economy.
2. The frontal area is less than propeller engines so that the drag is reduced
3. The turboprop can operate economically over a wide range of speed,, ranging from low speeds
where pure jet engine is uneconomical to high speeds of about 800 km/hr where the propeller
engine efficiency is low.
4. It is easy to maintain and has lower vibrations and noise.
. 5.The power output is not limited as in the case of propeller engines
6. The multi-shaft arrangement allows a great flexibility of operation over a wide range of speeds.
Disadvantages
1. The main disadvantage is that at high speeds, due to shocks and flow separation, the propeller
efficiency decreases rapidly, thereby, putting up a maximum speed limit on the engine.
2. It requires a reduction gear which increases the cost and also consumes certain energy
developed by the turbine in addition to requiring more space.

23. Write the Applications of turbo prop engine.

The turboprop engine is widely used in commercial and military aircrafts due to is high flexibility
of operation and good fuel economy.
 It is likely to eliminate propeller engines from moderate power and speed aircrafts.

24. Write Short notes on turbo shaft engine

Turbo shaft engine is that which uses whole of the available expansion in a turbine to drive a
propeller coupled to it through a reduction gear. In this arrangement the exhaust gas does not
contribute to the production of thrust. Use of a turbine results in smaller and light weight engine,
with less noise and vibration as compared to a reciprocating engine power plant. This type of
arrangement is used in helicopters.

25. Write the Advantages of ram jet

1. Ram jet is very simple and does not have any moving part. It is very cheap and requires almost
no maintenance.
2. Due to the fact that a turbine is not used to drive the mechanical compressor, the maximum
temperature which can be allowed in ram jet is very high, about 2000"C as compared to about
900C in turbojet. This allows a greater thrust to be obtained by burning fuel at air-fuel ratio of
about l 5 : 1 , which gives higher temperatures.
3. The specific fuel consumption is better than turbojet engines at high speed and high altitudes.
4. There seems to be no upper limit to the flight speed of the ram jet.

26. Write the Disadvantages of ram jet engine.

1. Since the compression of air is obtained by virtue of its speed relative to the engine, the take-
off thrust is zero and it is not possible to start a ram jet without an external launching device.
2. The engine heavily relies on the diffuser and it is very difficult to design a diffuser which will
give good pressure recovery over a wide range of speeds.
3. Due to high air speed, the combustion chamber requires flame-holder to stabilize the
combustion.
4. At very high temperatures of about 2000°C dissociation of products of combustion occurs
which will reduce the efficiency of the plant if not recovered in nozzle during expansion.

27. Write the Applications of Ramjet engine.

Due to its high thrust at high operational speed, it is widely used in high-speed aircrafts and
missiles. Subsonic ram jets are used in target weapons, in conjunction with turbojets or rockets
for getting the starting torque.

28. Write the Advantages of pulse jet

I. This is very simple device only next to ram jet and is light in weight. It requires very small and
occasional maintenance.
2. Unlike ram jet, it has static thrust because of the compressed air starting ; thus it does not need
a device for initial propulsion. The static thrust is even more than the cruise thrust.
3. It can run on almost any types of liquid fuels without much effect on the performance. It can
also operate on gaseous fuel with a little modifications.
4. Pulse jet is relatively cheap.
29. Write the Disadvantages of pulse jet
1. The biggest disadvantage is very short life of flapper valves and high rates of fuel
consumption. The specific fuel consumption is as high as that of ram jet.
2. The speed of the pulse jet is limited within a very narrow range of about 650-800 km/hr
because of the limitations in the aerodynamic design of an efficient diffuser suitable for a wide
speed range.
3. The operational range of the pulse jet is also limited in altitude range.
4. The high degree of vibrations due to· intermittent nature of the cycle and the buzzing noise has
made it suitable for pilotless crafts only.
5. It has lower propulsive efficiency than turbojet engines.

30. Write the Applications of Pulsejet.

Pulse jet is highly suited for bombers like the German V-1 ;
it has also been used in some helicopters, target aircrafts missiles, etc.

31.Write down the Methods of thrust augmentation.

Reheat or after burner

Water-methanol injection
Bleed-burn cycle
32. What are the factors affecting thrust?
- Jet nozzle
- Air speed
- Mass air flow
- Altitude
- Ram effect
33. Classify the Piston engines.

34. Classify the Aircraft engines.

35. Define By pass ratio for Turbo fan engine.
Turbofan engines are usually described in terms of bypass ratio, defined as the ratio of the flow
through the bypass duct (cold stream) to the flow at entry to the high-pressure compressor (hot
stream).

36. Define Thermal efficiency of the Gas turbine engine.

The thermal efficiency depends both upon the pressure ratio as well as turbine inlet temperature,
besides being affected by compressor and turbine efficiencies.
37. Define work ratio of the Gas turbine engine.
38. Define Propulsion efficiency.

39. Define Propeller efficiency of the Turbo prop engine.

40. Write the Thrust equation for Turbo prop engine.

41. Write general thrust equation for Gas turbine engines.

42. Classify the Turbo fan engine.