WAAS

INTRODUCTION WAAS REFERENCE PLANES

TERMS ARINC 424

WAAS PRINCIPLES WAAS FLIGHT INSP

REPORTING

PILOT SECTION

FMS LEG PROGRAMMING ANNUNCIATIONS NAV SOURCE CONFIG. AFIS / CDU OPS

MISSION SPECIALIST SECTION

PRE-FLIGHT PREPARATION AFIS SET-UP AFIS RECORDING INTERFERENCE CHECK

Click on red block to link to that training.

RNAV Federal Aviation 1

July 14, 2008 Administration
 Wide Area Federal Aviation
Administration
Augmentation
System (WAAS)
ARINC 424
Coding

Presented to: Flight Inspection Crewmembers

By: AJW-3310
Date: July 14, 2008
 What is ARINC 424 CODING?

INITIAL FIX MSG

INITIAL FIX ALT CONST

COPOM ------
IDENTIFIER SEGMENT
COPOM FINAL APPR
ACCEPT RETURN

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July 14, 2008 Administration
 ARINC 424 Coding
• A computer language leg type used in a
flight management system to define how the
procedure will behave at a given time.
• The description of the leg types introduces
you to the “Path/Terminator” concept.
– The path logically describes how the aircraft gets to
the terminator, by flying a heading, track, course,
etc.
– The terminator is the event or condition that causes
the system to switch to the next leg.

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July 14, 2008 Administration
 ARINC 424 Coding

• The description of the leg types introduces

you to the Path/Terminator” concept
(cont’d).
– When a clearance is issued, like, “Fly
runway heading to 2,000 feet”, you have
applied the path/terminator concept.
– The path, rather obviously, is runway
heading. The terminator is 2,000 feet, where
the pilot will “sequence legs” and do
something else.

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July 14, 2008 Administration
 What is ARINC 424 CODING?

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July 14, 2008 Administration
 What is ARINC 424 CODING?

• Each of the different legs are identified by a

2-letter mnemonic.
– First letter identifies the path
– Second letter identifies the terminator.
– Mnemonics do get a bit obscure in some of these
cases. The example cited previously- “Fly runway
heading to 2,000 feet” – would be coded in the data
base as a “Heading-to-Altitude” – described as a VA
leg (“V” as a “Vector”, since the letter “H” is used to
describe hold legs).

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July 14, 2008 Administration
 What is ARINC 424 CODING?

• Each of the different legs are identified by a

2-letter mnemonic (cont’d).
– There are 2 required system inputs:
• The compass and altimeters.
• As a leg is implemented in the FMS, the system reads the
compass system, and provides the autopilot or flight
director with a steering command that will null out any
deviation from the desired heading.
• The system will also be monitoring its baro-altitude input
(QNH), then sequence legs when the terminating altitude
has been reached.

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July 14, 2008 Administration
 What is ARINC 424 CODING?

• The following slide depicts the sixteen

enroute leg types you should familiarize
yourself with.

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July 14, 2008 Administration
 Enroute Legs
(VA) Heading To Altitude
(VD) Heading To DME
(VI) Heading To Next Leg Intercept
(VM) Heading To Manual Termination
(VR) Heading To a Radial
(CA) Course To Altitude
(CD) Course To a DME
(CI) Course To Next Leg Intercept
RNAV
July 14, 2008
(CR) Course To a Radial
(CF) Course To a Fix
(TF) Track To a Fix
(DF) Direct To a Fix
(FA) Fix To Altitude
(FC) Fix To a Distance on Course
(FD) Fix To a DME Termination
(FM) Fix To a Manual Termination
Federal Aviation 10
Administration
 Enroute Legs

• However, there are primarily 5 legs that you

will be using on a daily basis.
– The VA, CF, TF, DF, and CA Enroute leg types.
• As Flight Procedures Standards Branch
solves ARINC 424 coding issues, more legs
may be used. We will discuss each of them
and explain the “Path and Terminator.”

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July 14, 2008 Administration
 Enroute Legs

(VA) Heading To Altitude

(CF) Course To a Fix
(TF) Track To a Fix
(DF) Direct To a Fix

(CA) Course To Altitude

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July 14, 2008 Administration
 Enroute Legs
(VA) Heading To Altitude (VD) Heading To DME

•A VA leg is typically used as the first leg in a departure. The

path is the 090º heading to the terminator (8000’).

•The VD leg Path is a 090º heading to the terminator of a

unspecified point on the DME arc, that has been programmed
into the database.

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July 14, 2008 Administration
 Enroute Legs
(VR) Heading To a Radial (CA) Course To Altitude

•The VR leg Path is the 090º heading. The terminator is

a specific point on a VOR radial where the heading
takes it.
•This CA leg Path is the 080º course. The terminator is
a specific altitude, in this case 6000 feet.

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July 14, 2008 Administration
 Enroute Legs
•This CD leg Path would be a 080º course. The
terminator is a specified DME distance.
•The CI leg Path is the 090º course. The termination
is the interception of the 070º radial.

(CD) Course To a DME (CI) Course To Next Leg Intercept

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July 14, 2008 Administration
 Enroute Legs
(CR) Course To a Radial (CF) Course To a Fix

•This CR leg Path is a 090º course. The terminator is

when the course crosses the 125º radial.
•The CF leg Path is a 080º course to a specified
latitude and longitude.

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July 14, 2008 Administration
 Enroute Legs
(TF) Track To a Fix

This is a “track to fix” leg. The path and terminator are

latitude/longitudes. This leg type will be used for GPS
approaches and airway segments. This is your “great
circle track” between 2 defined waypoints. It is the
easiest to implement as the only thing the pilot has to
do is input lat/long’s for the database.

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July 14, 2008 Administration
 Enroute Legs
(DF) Direct To a Fix

This is a diagram of a DF leg. The aircrafts path is the

present position. The terminator is to a specific
waypoint. This is used when ATC gives the clearance,
“go direct” or you request present position to a specific
point i.e. fix, navaid, etc.

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July 14, 2008 Administration
 Enroute Legs
(FA) Fix To Altitude (FC) Fix To a Distance on Course

9 NM

•This FA leg Path begins at a fix and, via a specific course (105º),
will be continued until the specified altitude is reached.
•An FC leg Path begins at a defined fix with a course outbound.
The fix must be in the database but can be a VOR, intersection,
etc. The terminator is the specific distance on the outbound
course.

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July 14, 2008 Administration
 Enroute Legs
•This FD leg Path is a fix, and the terminator is DME distance. The
DME does not necessarily need to be from the reference fix. The
DME fix is not required to lie on the course from the path fix.
•The FM fix Path is a course from a fix. The termination is
manually selected. Since you manually select the termination
point there will be no automatic leg sequencing.

(FD) Fix To a DME Termination (FM) Fix To a Manual Termination

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July 14, 2008 Administration
 ARINC Legs
(AF) Arc To a Fix

•We will now discuss the 2 types of arc legs that ARINC 424
coding provides:
- Arc to Fix leg (AF)
-Radius to Fix leg (RF)
-They appear redundant but, they serve two different
purposes.
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July 14, 2008 Administration
 ARINC Legs
(AF) Arc To a Fix

•The AF leg is a standard DME arc which requires a navaid.

The path is the arc and the terminator is the specified
radial/DME that you desire. In this case it is the 030º/8 DME.
•There are two things to remember.
- Minimum radius is 4.0 nm.
-Arc radius resolution is 0.1 nm.
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July 14, 2008 Administration
 ARINC Legs
(RF) Radius To a Fix

The RF leg Path and terminator are “hard fixes”.

However, they do not require a navaid at the arc’s
origin. It is referred to as the “precision arc” leg
because it’s resolution is 0.001 nm, (6’). Its
primary use is for curved-path approaches.

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July 14, 2008 Administration
 Holding Legs

• There are three different types of holding

legs that we will be discussing.
– Hold to Fix (HF)
– Hold to Altitude (HA)
– Hold to Manual Termination (HM)

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July 14, 2008 Administration
 Holding Legs
• The HF leg provides one holding orbit and
sequence to the next leg once it has completed one
circuit. This is used when a holding pattern is used
in lieu of a procedure turn on an approach.
• The HA provides for a climb in the holding pattern.
Upon reaching the programmed altitude, the
holding circuit will be completed and the
sequenced leg will begin the course to the next
waypoint.
• The HM leg requires the pilot to manually program
the next sequenced leg.

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July 14, 2008 Administration
 Holding Legs
(HF) Hold To a Fix (HA) Hold To Altitude

(HM) Hold To a Manual Termination

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July 14, 2008 Administration
 WAAS
INTRODUCTION WAAS REFERENCE PLANES

TERMS ARINC 424

WAAS PRINCIPLES WAAS FLIGHT INSP

REPORTING

PILOT SECTION

FMS LEG PROGRAMMING ANNUNCIATIONS NAV SOURCE CONFIG. AFIS / CDU OPS

MISSION SPECIALIST SECTION

PRE-FLIGHT PREPARATION AFIS SET-UP AFIS RECORDING INTERFERENCE CHECK

Click on individual blocks to link to that training.

RNAV Federal Aviation 28

July 14, 2008 Administration