Tribhuvan University

Kathford International College of Engineering and Management

A Final Year Internship Report

On

POP(Point of Presence) extended at Imadol

At

Classic Tech Private Limited

Submitted To

Department of Computer Science and Information Technology

Kathford International College of Engineering and Management

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Bachelor Degree in

Computer Science and Information Technology

Submitted By

Aashish Maharjan

TU Exam Roll No.: 2717/070

2018
 Mentor’s Recommendation

I hereby recommend that this internship report prepared under my supervision by

Aashish Maharjan, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of B.Sc. in
Computer Science and Information Technology be processed for evaluation.

……………………….
Mr. Sundar Sen Singh Thakuri
Support Team Leader
Classic Tech
New Baneshwor, Kathmandu

i
 Kathford International College of Engineering and Management

Tribhuvan University

Supervisor’s Recommendation

I hereby recommend that this report has been prepared under my supervision by
Aashish Maharjan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of B.Sc.
in Computer Science and Information Technology be processed for evaluation.

…………………………..
Mr. Shamal Budhathoki
System Administrator
Ebpearls
Kupondole, Lalitpur

ii
 CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

The undersigned certify that they have read and recommended to the Department of
Computer Science and Information Technology for acceptance, an internship report
submitted by Aashish Maharjan in partial fulfillment for the degree of Bachelor of
Science in Computer Science & Information Technology.

…………………… …………………..

Mr. Shamal Budhathoki Mr. Sundar Sen Singh Thakuri

Internship Supervisor Internship Mentor

……………………
(External Examiner)
Central Department of Computer Science and IT
Tribhuvan University
Kirtipur, Nepal

…………………..

Er. Suwas Karki

(Internal Examiner)
Head
Department of Computer Science and IT
Kathford International College of Engineering and Management
Balkumari, Lalitpur

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, I would like to give my gratitude towards my mentor Mr. Sundar Sen Singh
Thakuri and supervisor Mr. Shamal Budhathoki for assisting and inspiring to do
the internship on web development. Without their support and encouragement, it
would have been difficult to work on.

I would also like to thank Er. Suwas Karki, our Internal Examiner as well as Head
of Computer Science and IT Department, Kathford International College of
Engineering and Management for his support and vision in making the intern a
systematic one. He has been guiding and supporting me well.

I would also be thankful to my colleague Mr. Asim Bhetwal for his support and
encouragement in the intern, who has supported us through his guidelines and
experience. I would also be thankful to all the faculty members, for their intense
support in fulfilling my internship requirements and also thankful to the library staffs
of Kathford International College of Engineering and Management for providing me
with the necessary reference materials.

At the end, I would like to express my sincere thanks to all my friends and others who
helped me directly or indirectly during this internship period.

Sincerely,
Aashish Maharjan
T.U. Exam Roll No: 2717/070

iv
 ABSTRACT

This internship project is conducted for the partial fulfillment of the Bachelor of
Science in Computer Science and Information Technology (B.Sc.CSIT) degree
awarded by Tribhuvan Universtiy (TU). The internship is assigned for the evaluation
as a part of the course requirement. The internship in specialized field provides us in-
depth understanding about the field, market exposure and help to identify the potential
career opportunities.

As for the partial fulfillment, I was interned as a Technician in an organization named

Classic Tech. I was given the tasks of troubleshooting and managing wireless and
fiber internet as well as PoP (Point of Presence) extension as a trainee.

During my internship period, I have successfully completed the task of

troubleshooting and managing wireless and fiber internet and extending PoP (Point of
presence) under the guidance of organization’s mentor. It was very exciting
experience of working in the real time platform with the implementation of
knowledge that I have gained in the college. It was really challenging. It was the
experience of entering into professional life from student life.

v
 LISTS OF ABBREVIATIONS

ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

AP Access Point
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power
FBT Fused Biconical Taper Splitter
FTTH Fiber-to-the Home
IP Internet protocol
ISP Internet Service Provider
ISPAN Internet Service Provider Association Nepal
MAC Media Access Control
MAN Metropolitan Area Network
MC Media Converter
NSP Network Service Provider
PLC Planer Light Wave Circuit
POE Power over Ethernet
PON Point of Network
POP Point of Presence
PPPOE Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet
QOS Quality of Service
SLA Service level-agreement
SoHo Service of Home and Office
SSID Service set Identifier
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal
VLAN Virtual Local Area Network
SFP Small Form-factor Pluggable
NOC Network Operation Center
STP Spanning Tree Protocol
GBIC Gigabit interface converter
UBNT Ubiquiti Networks

vi
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Problem Definition 1
1.3 Objectives 2
1.3.1 Objectives of the project 2
1.4 Background Study 2
1.5 Motivation 3
1.5.1 Motivation of choosing Classic Tech 3
1.6 Brief Introduction of the Industry 3
1.6.1 ISP Industry in Nepal 4
1.7 Organization Overview 5
1.7.1 About Organization 5
1.8 Mission, Vision, goal and Objectives 6
1.9 Service areas 7
1.9.1 Corporate internet 7
1.9.2 Dark core 7
1.9.3 Business internet 7
1.9.4 Data center solution 8
1.9.5 SoHo internet 8
1.9.6 Air-max internet 8
1.9.7 Fiber max internet 8
1.10 Organizational Structure 8
1.11 Methodology 9
1.11.1 Organization selection 9
1.11.2 Duration 9
1.11.3 Roles and responsibilities 10
1.11.4 Details of the mentors 10
1.11.5 Internship Plan 11

vii
CHAPTER 2: SYSTEM ANALYSIS 12

2.1 Literature review 12

2.2 Requirement analysis 12

2.2.1 Hardware Description 13

2.2.1.1 Cisco Switch 13

2.2.1.2 Ubiquiti devices 13

2.2.1.3 Category 6 cable 13

2.2.1.4 Fiber Channel point-to-point (FC-P2P) 13

2.2.1.5 PoE Adapters 13

2.2.1.6 Media Converter (MC) 14

2.2.1.7 Small form-factor pluggable (SFP) 14

2.2.1.8 Cisco Redundant Power System 2300 14

2.3 Feasibility Analysis 15

2.3.1 Economic Feasibility 15

2.3.2 Operational Feasibility 15

2.3.3 Technical Feasibility 15

2.3.4 Schedule Feasibility 16

CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM DESIGN 17

3.1 System design 18

3.1.1 System Flowchart 19

viii
CHAPTER 4: IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING 20

4.1 Implementation

4.1.1 STP configuration 20

4.1.2 Creating Vlan 20

4.1.3 Tools used 21

4.1.3.1 Putty 21

4.1.3.2 AirControl 21

4.2 Testing 22

4.2.1 Ping 22

4.2.2 Traceroute 23

4.2.3 Show interface port 24

4.2.4 Show mac address table 25

CHAPTER 5: LESSON LEARNT AND CONCLUSION 26

5.1 Lesson learnt 26

5.2 Limitations 26

5.3 Recommendations 27

5.4 Conclusions 27

REFERENCES 28

ix
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Network design of the organization 6

Figure 1.2 Organizational structure 8
Figure 1.3 Gantt Chart 16
Figure 1.4 POP architecture 17
Figure 1.5 System Flowchart 19
Figure 1.6 (a) pinging Network Operation Center from Imadol switch 23
Figure 1.6 (b) pinging Imadol switch from Network Operation Center 23
Figure 1.6 (c) Pinging Imadol AP from Imadol Switch 23
Figure 1.7 (a) Tracing route from NOC switch to Imadol Switch 23
Figure 1.7 (b) Tracing route from Imadol switch to NOC switch 24
Figure 1.8 (a) details information about the switch port 24
Figure 1.8 (b) confirmation of the connectivity 24
Figure 1.9 connectivity test using the mac address on specific port 25

x
 LISTS OF TABLES

Table 1.2(b) Table of Duration 9

Table 1.2(b) Command with description 21

xi
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

There are many ISP in Nepal which have many PoPs (Point of Presence) depending
on the size of the PoP and the area it services. Point of Presence is an access point to
the internet. PoPs are connection centers located at the edge of ISP network and serve
a particular geographical region. It consists of a router, switches, servers and other
data communication devices. Moreover, POP also supports the conversion of analog
to digital data and vice versa to complement different data communication
technologies and receiving devices.

ISP must extend a PoP depending upon the number of users for good signal strength
and client connection quality for wireless internet communication. A project “PoP
(Point of Presence) extended at Imadol” has come up with providing good signal
strength to the wireless internet users. User can access wireless internet through a ubnt
devices which are pointed towards Imadol PoP. First of all, ubnt devices must be
configured properly to select AP (Access Point) of Imadol PoP. From the ubnt
devices, a long cable (cat 6 cable) is connected to the PoE of the adapter and from a
LAN port of the PoE adapter, a cable is connected to the router for Wi-Fi purpose or
direct connection to the end station.

1.2 Problem Definition

One year ago, there was less number of users of wireless internet at Imadol. But after
three years, more number of users is increased. So, there was a slow internet problem
due to poor signal strength quality and CCQ (Client Connection Quality). Many users
complain about slow internet at Classic Tech. So, we studied about slow internet
problem and we find out that there was only one PoP at Imadol. But, there was more
number of users at Imadol. So, we decide to extend PoP at Imadol to decrease a slow
internet problem of wireless internet users.

1
1.3 Objectives

1.3.1 Objectives of the project

During the internship period, I had experienced on both the wireless and fiber internet
implementation and its working mechanisms. Thus, here are some of the objectives
as:

• To provide high-capacity, cost-effective services to enhance client network

resiliency.
• To have knowledge on how PoP works.
• To make the comparison between wireless and fiber internet access.
• To provide good signal strength and CCQ (Client Connection Quality) to use
wireless internet services.

1.4 Background Study

Classic Tech has many PoP at different locations. Such as; Imadol PoP, Jawalakhel
PoP, Godawari PoP, New Baneshwor PoP, Satdobato PoP, Nakhipot PoP and many
more. It has used primary and secondary trunk link to connect a PoP. So that in case,
primary trunk link fails then secondary trunk can be used. Imadol PoP is connected
from a Imadol switch. Imadol switch is connected from a Koteshor switch. Classic
tech has used SFP (Small Form Factor pluggable) in secondary trunk link and point to
point fiber in primary trunk link. STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is used to run a
switch. There are many POE (Power over Ethernet) adapter connected between
Imadol PoP and Imadol switch.

Customers are getting benefit from a brand new system with the latest technology that
provides high-capacity, cost-effective services to enhance their network resiliency
through Imadol PoP.

2
1.5 Motivation

Networking is the vast area which defines the communication between two or more
computers through a wired or wireless medium. Various devices are used for the
communications between two end-stations such as switch, router, modem, connectors,
etc. Only connections do not make a successful communication, there needs to be
implementation of various routing protocols, switching policies and end-stations
policies.

1.5.1 Motivation of choosing Classic Tech

Classic Tech Private Limited is private company which provides network and
broadband internet services from the date of July, 2009. It provides the internet
services and network services via a fiber optics, radio modems, VSAT, Hotspots,
Broadband wireless, Web Solutions and Hosting Co-locating service and VOIP
telephony service.

Classic Tech also provides the facilities like intranet communication, and a data
storage services to the customer. It entirely focused on effective customer service and
service mechanism. It uses the latest technologies to provide the better and effective
services to the customer.

The main motto of the organization is “When speed and reliability matter” and aims
to provide the reliable services that are carefully analyzed while meeting the actual
demand of the customers.

1.6 Brief Introduction of the Industry

In the context of Nepal, first internet was experienced in 1980s. At 1993s, the internet
was introduced by the MOC (Mercantile office system) for mailing only and was free
for the first year. And later, MOC also introduced the internet communication with
the speed of 9.6 kbps. At 1998, it then introduced the internet using the VSAT
technology which was better and fast communication (Pradhan, 2015). Then, later
many ISPs were established to provide the internet facility focusing in the customer
service.

3
1.6.1 ISP Industry in Nepal

The Internet Service Provider Association Nepal (ISPAN), established in 1998, is a

non-profit oriented organization with the mission to promote and develop the internet
in Nepal. ISPAN had originally started activities when the ISPs like Mercantile,
World Link, CCSL, HTP, ENET came together with the purpose of making the
Internet affordable to local communities ad penetrate in the rural areas and is now
continuous dialogues with Ministry of Information and communication, Nepal
Telecommunication Authority, Nepal Telecommunications (Rana, 2006). ISPAN
continuous its endeavor to take of various issues that affect the implementations of the
ISPAs project and monitor the policies related to Internet Industry through the
interaction government, other Industry associations, national /international bodies, etc

There are many ISPs in Nepal which provide the Internet facility as well as the cable
channel to the customer. Some ISPs provide the internet only via a fiber optics and
wireless technology whereas some provides the Internet as well as cable channel to
the customer as their services. ISPAN is also successful in establishing the Internet
Exchange later. Then onwards, various ISPs are established to provide the internet
facilities in a rapid way.

4
1.7 Organization Overview

1.7.1 About Organization

Classic Tech Pvt. Ltd is a privately owned Network and Internet Service Provider and
Broadband Internet Service Provider in Nepal which was formed on July, 2009 with
the motto of “Speed and Availability matters”. Classic Tech Pvt. Ltd is a very fast
growing broadband Internet Service Provider, serving large area with broadband
Internet services using the latest Fiber and Wireless technologies. Classic Tech is
growing from a small business to a strong and stable corporation with high quality
services, professional staff and expanding customer base ( Classic tech pvt ltd, 2012).

It uses Optical Fiber Cable to deliver Broadband Internet to organizations and end
customers. It also uses certain other mediums like V-SAT, Radio Modems for the
services. Classic Tech Wi-Fi, is a Wi-Fi Internet service, currently limited to selected
places (hotspots) in the Valley, provides Wi-Fi Internet connection via Wi-Fi hotspots
and best suited for mobile users like students, residential, travelers. Classic Tech Wi-
Fi provides wireless internet connectivity options inside and outside Kathmandu
valley. The company also provides fixed wireless broadband service to residential
users. The organization has established its various branches to outside of the valley to
extend its services and facilities. Some of the major states are Kathmandu, Banepa,
Butwal, Chitwan, Hetauda, Birgunj, Biratnagar, Itahari, Dharan, Bhairahawa,
Janakpur, Nepalgunj.

1.8 Mission, Vision, Goal and Objectives

Mission

The mission of the organization is to innovate and to provide the quality network
services that realize the demand of various users (Corporate mission, 2015).

Vision

The vision of the organization is to provide quality internet and network service with
higher speed and greater reliability.

5
Goal

The goal of the organization is to help the customers to keep in touch, do business and
to flourish regardless of distance by using the latest and upgraded technology. The
organization also aims to be a leading Internet Service Provider and Network Service
provider throughput the nation.

Objectives

Here are some of the objectives of the organization as:

 Internet availability and reachability in rural areas with collaboration

different companies like Cisco, Juniper etc.
 Promote the project and develop the interests of ISP/NSP.
 Generate employment opportunities (directly/indirectly).

Internet

router

switch switch Database

switch

POP/ POP/ POP/ POP/

Switch Switch Switch Switch

Fig 1.1: network design of the organization

6
1.9 Service Areas

Classic Tech Pvt. Ltd is successful in providing the internet services and intranet
services from its date of starting. The service areas are as listed below:

1.9.1 Corporate internet

Classic Tech corporate package is suitable for large corporate houses and huge
enterprises that require an uncompromised quality and reliable internet connectivity
while integrating and adding other services within a package as required. Some of the
highlights of the customization flexibility within this package are:

 Static IP with Public IP block range(if required)via L3 network

 Secondary link for redundancy with automatic failover
 Well managed services
 Server hosting ability
 Customized bandwidth provisioning
 Prompt responses and customized Service-Level agreement(SLA)
 Customized QOS to manage critical applications
 Symmetric upload and download


1.9.2Dark core

Dark Core fiber is the ideal choice for companies that are growing quickly and need
to manage scalability for point to point connections. It offers a secure and cost-
effective solution that enables enterprises to maintain complete control of their
network with virtually-unlimited bandwidth availability. Dark Core fiber is also good
for companies who need to manage the technology evolution on their high bandwidth
data connections.

1.9.3 Business Internet

Business enterprises and Large corporate houses which do have more dependency on
internet services and to which internet is very crucial and vital for their applications
cannot run with highly shared bandwidth. For these types of businesses and enterprise
it requires good bandwidth guaranteed all time. 

7
1.9.4 Data Center Solutions
Class Tech has its own separately build a server friendly data center which provides
physical co-location services, Dedicated servers on lease. Some of the services that it
provides are as follows:

 Server Hosting and Leasing

 Hosting Solutions
 Physical server co-location

1.9.5 SoHo Internet

Classic Tech Small Office and Home Office (SoHo) package is designed for home or
small offices who are looking for quality internet services at affordable price.

1.9.6 Air-Max Internet

Due to the diverse in geo-graphical area of Nepal, Classic Tech has provides its
customer with the wireless technology as well with the better services and speed.

1.9.7 Fiber-Max Internet

The organization is also successful in providing the internet through the Fiber optics
to home by home, called as Fiber-to-the-home [FTTH] with a better services and
reliability.

1.10 Organizational Structure

CEO

Network Department Head Sales Department Head

Finance Department Head Senior sales specialist

Network Supervisor

Finance Manager Sales boy/Sales girl

Layer 2 staff

Layer 1 staff Accountant

Fig 1.2 Organizational structure

8
1.11 Methodology

1.11.1 Organization Selection

As per the course demand, the student has to do the internship of about 10 weeks or
180 hours in any company in their interested career filed. It is an opportunity to the
student to gain the practical knowledge and experiences in real life working
environment which increase the confidence to students. Various organizations were
short listed and approached out. Selection of a proper organization is one of the
important parts of internship program since it is a kind of industrial attachment
project. Thus, as an individual, I had to select the organization which together bought
the theoretical and practical knowledge for the better results. Among the various
criteria and sectors provided in internship prerequisite statement, Internet Service
Provider (ISP) was chosen to complete my internship period.

1.11.2 Duration

During the internship period, Classic Tech had done full support and provides all
necessary equipment to show my skills for work and helped to improve the
communication and networking skills.

Department Technician
Start Date 5-Nov-2017

End Date 24-Jan-2018

Total Duration 75 days

Working Hours 8 hours per day

Working days (week) 6 days of a week

Office Hour 9:30am-5:30pm

Table 1.2(a): Table of duration

9
1.11.3 Roles and Responsibilities

During the internship period at Classic Tech, the main goal was to obtain the
knowledge on advance Internet technologies and to develop the skills and capacity on
it. Throughout the period, I was assigned as Technician and assigned to handle the
customer queries and troubleshooting the minor issues of the customer by the field
support also. I was assigned to design POP architecture at Imadol as a major project.
The task was very fruitful and more knowledge gaining one. The working details are
included in log report which is attached in the last part.

1.11.4 Details of the Mentor

During my internship period, many people had helped me to increase my knowledge

on the related field. Some of the mentors are listed below:

1. Mr. Binaya Kumar Adhikari

Head of department, support team
binaya@classic.com.np
9801096177
2. Mr. Basant Kumar Yadav
Support Team Leader
9849070403/9801096182
basant437@gmail.com
3. Mr. Sundar Sen Singh Thakuri
Support Team Leader
9801096103
sundar@classic.com.np

1.11.5 Internship Plan

The internship plan covers the 75 days of time, working 6 days a week from 9:30am
to 5:30pm. During the period, I had learned to troubleshoot the customer queries
about the internet problem through the phone support or through a field support and
provide them the proper solution and guidelines for the proper internet access. I also
learned working principle of networking tools that is Nagios for monitoring and

10
controlling the switches, AP, servers about their active and down condition. I had also
learned different tools like putty, which allowed us to access device remotely using
different protocols like SSH, Telnet. Nagios core is one of the product of Nagios
company which is open source software and can be installed in Unix or Linux server
which allows us to monitor every node in my network, along with services like mail
queue, PBX monitoring etc. We also use graph technology to monitor real time traffic
that is passing through switches and routers and even in the client port. Besides the
technical things one of main things that I learned in Classic Tech is customer support.

11
 CHAPTER 2

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2.1 Literature review

During our research, we found many PoP extended at different locations which have
their own significations. The positive aspect of those systems was that they have used
latest technology.

A new point of presence (PoP) within Jaguar Network’s Marseilles data center
(Godal, 2016) is the second PoP, Telia Carrier has established in Marseilles to provide
carriers, content and cloud providers with diverse connectivity choices and added
network redundancy.

Telia Carrier’s existing PoP in Interxion’s Marseilles data center provided initial
connectivity to Telia Carrier’s AS1299 fiber optic backbone, one of the largest in the
world. A new PoP is designed with brand new system with the latest technology that
provides high-capacity, cost-effective services to enhance their network resiliency.

The new PoP also provide added access to two new subsea cable systems currently
being built out with landings in Marseilles. The SEA-ME-WE 5 (Southeast Asia,
Middle East, West Europe), a 24TB system, and the AAE-1 (Asia, Africa, Europe), a
40TB system, increase the need for Telia Carrier’s backbone to direct traffic from
Asia to European networking hubs, including London, Amsterdam, Paris and
Frankfurt.

2.2 Requirement Analysis

Many ISP Company have designed PoP architecture in different places. We have
found that there was more number of users of wireless internet at Imadol. So we
decide to extend PoP at Imadol. We first came up with the ideas of designing such
PoP architecture and gathered some requirements. We also investigated about some of
the PoP architecture in existence which has features similar to the design of PoP
architecture we proposed.

12
2.2.1 Hardware Description
2.2.1.1 Cisco Switch with VLAN
At switch level there is only one broadcast domain, it means whenever new user is
connected to switch this information is spread throughout the network. If we want our
network information is restricted we should create VLAN on switch which creates
separate broadcast domain at switch level. VLAN can be used as a security purpose.
There are three distinct functions of layer 2 switching.

1) Address learning
Layer 2 switches and bridges remember the source hardware address of each
frame received on an interface, and they enter this information into a MAC database
called a forward/filter table.

2) Forward/filter decisions
When a frame is received on an interface, the switch looks at the destination
hardware address and finds the exit interface in the MAC database. The frame is only
forwarded out the specified destination port.

3) Loop avoidance

If multiple connections between switches are created for redundancy purposes,

network loops can occur. Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is used to stop network loops
while still permitting redundancy.

2.2.1.2 Ubiquiti devices

Ubiquiti’s enables high-performance, outdoor multi-point networking. It provides

features such as wireless settings, bridge or routing configuration and system
management services.

2.2.1.3 Category 6 cable

Category 6 cables, commonly known as Cat 6, is a cable standard for Gigabit Ethernet
and are still backward compatible with previous categories of networking. These
cables are designed to function at 1000 Mb per second and are used for the more
recent Gigabit networks.

13
2.2.1.4 Fiber Channel point-to-point (FC-P2P)

It is the simplest topology, no network addressing is needed because each message

has only one possible receiver. The bandwidth is dedicated. Point-to-point
uses N_port (node port).

2.2.1.5 PoE Adapters

PoE stands for Power over Ethernet, is a standardized or ah-hoc systems which passes
the electric along with data on twisted pair Ethernet cabling which allows a single
cable to provide both data and connection and electric power to devices such as
wireless access points or IP cameras. It is useful when we want to connect network
devices which are far away from a power source.

3.2.1.6 Media Converter (MC)

The most common type of media converter is a device that functions as a transceiver.
We use MC to convert the electrical signal used in copper Unshielded Twisted Pair
(UTP) network cabling into light waves used in fiber optic cabling.

2.2.1.7 SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable)

A small transceiver that plugs into the SFP port of a network switch and connects to
Fibre Channel and optical fiber cables at the other end. Superseding the GBIC
transceiver, SFP modules are also called "mini-GBIC" due to their smaller size.

2.2.1.8 Cisco Redundant Power System 2300

The Cisco Redundant Power System 2300 (RPS 2300) increases availability for
converged data, voice, and video networks. The system delivers power supply
redundancy and resiliency for a variety of power requirements, including Power over
Ethernet (PoE). It helps ensure uninterrupted operation and protection against device
power supply failures by providing seamless failover for Cisco switches such as the
Cisco Catalyst 2960-X, 2960-Plus, 2960-S, 2960, and 3750-E Series Switches and
routers such as the Integrated Services Routers.

14
2.3 Feasibility Analysis

A feasibility study is an analysis of how successfully a project can be completed,

accounting for factors that affect it such as economic, technological, legal and
scheduling factors. We found that many users were complaining about slow internet
at Imadol. Those who have complained about slow internet were using wireless
internet through ubnt devices. We discover that there was more number of users of
wireless internet and less number of PoP at Imadol. Due to less number of PoP at
Imadol, users were facing slow internet because of poor signal strength and poor
transmit CCQ (Client Connection Quality).

2.3.1 Economic Feasibility

The purpose of an economic feasibility study (EFS) is to demonstrate the net benefit
of a proposed project. The cost of extending PoP at Imadol is very high. It includes
many human resources and equipments. The benefits of our purposed system is to
provide good signal strength and good transmit CCQ (Client Connection Quality) to
use wireless internet services.

2.3.2 Operational Feasibility

Operational feasibility refers to the measure of solving problems with the help of a
new proposed system. First of all, we investigate area where there is huge numbers of
users using ubnt devices for wireless internet at Imadol. We search a place where
there is no house and other disturbance near to the field where we are going to deploy
a PoP. We setup PoP which was height of 85 feet. So that users can get good signal
strength and transmit CCQ.

2.3.3 Technical Feasibility

Technical feasibility study is the complete study of the project in terms of input,
processes, output, fields, programs and procedures. We clamp CAT 6 cable for the
connection of PoP to the POE and POE to the Imadol switch. We use primary trunk
link as point to point fiber and secondary trunk link as SFP (Small form factor
pluggable). We used STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) to ensure that we do not create
loops when we have redundant paths in network to run switch. Loops are deadly to a

15
network. Primary and secondary trunk link were used to connect Imadol switch from
Network Operation Center (NOC) switch. We used secondary trunk link because in
case primary trunk link fails then secondary link can be used to access a Imadol
Switch from NOC switch. During fiber connection and configuration of switches,
fiber team and our senior technician help me a lot.

2.3.4 Schedule Feasibility

Schedule feasibility is a measure of how reasonable the project timetable is. The
system is found schedule feasible because the system is designed in such a way that it
will finish prescribed time.

15-Nov 27-Nov 9-Dec 21-Dec 2-Jan 14-Jan 26-Jan 7-Feb

Identification of problem

Training

Requirement analysis

Literature Reviews

Design and Analysis

Switch Configuration and Implementation

Testing

Documentation

Fig 1.3: Gantt Chart

16
 CHAPTER 3

SYSTEM DESIGN

3.1 System design

A point of presence (PoP) is an artificial demarcation point OR interface point
between communicating entities. It may include a meet-me-room. An Internet point
of presence is an access point to the Internet. It is a physical location that houses
servers, routers, ATM switches and digital/analog call aggregators.

Legend

Ubnt devices (Access point receiver)

PoP

Communication link
Laptop

Computer
Router
Cat 6 cable
Fiberdev Fig 1.4: PoP (Point Of Presence) Architecture
ubnt

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To design a pop architecture, devices like POE, CAT6 cable, Switches (Juniper or
CISCO), fiber, etc are required. Imadol switch is connected from NOC (Network
operation center) through primary trunk link and secondary trunk link. Point to point
fiber is used in primary trunk link and SFP (Small form factor pluggable) is used in
Secondary trunk link. Media converter (MC) is used between NOC switch and Imadol
switch to convert electrical signal used in copper Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
network cabling into light waves used in fiber optic cabling and vice versa.

To run a switch, STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is used. From the four slot of Imadol
switch, four POE(Power Over Ethernet) is connected through a CAT 6 cable and
another end of POE is connected to the Imadol POP through a CAT 6 cable.

For the wireless internet communication, there is necessary of one wireless station
which is kept at the top of the customer’s house pointing towards the PoP of the ISP
tower. From the wireless device, a long cable (cat 6 cable) is connected to the PoE of
the adapter and from a LAN port of the PoE adapter, a cable is connected to the router
for Wi-Fi purpose or direct connection to the end station.

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3.1.1 System Flowchart

After the completion of the project, we check the system by following flowchart.

Start

Router

No Yes
Is NOC- Yes
Is router ON? NOC-Switch
Switch ON?

No Primary Trunk Link

No
Is MC up?

Secondary Trunk Link Yes

Fiber

No Yes
Yes
Is MC up? Fiber Is there fiber
breakage?

Yes No No
Is there fiber
MC
breakage?

No
Is MC up?

Yes

Imadol Switch

No No
Yes Is there cat 6 cable Is there cat 6 cable
POE
breakage? breakage?

Imadol PoP

Yes

Fig 1.5(a) Flowchart to check system

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 CHAPTER 4

IMPLEMENATION AND TESTING

4.1 Implementation

PoP are placed in many area to provide access point to the internet. This project
provides access point to the ubnt devices. So that people can use internet who have
used a ubnt devices to access internet. VLAN and STP was implemented for the
completion of project.

4.1.1 STP Configuration

By default, spanning tree is enabled on all the VLANs. Spanning tree Protocol can be
enabled on a per-VLAN basis. The switch maintains a separate instance of spanning
tree for each VLAN (except on VLANs on which you have disabled a spanning tree).

We enable a spanning tree on VLAN 200 by following command:

Switch# configure terminal

Switch(config)# spanning-tree vlan 200

Switch(config)# end

4.1.2 Creating VLAN

When working with your Cisco network, we want to separate users into different
broadcast domains for security or traffic reduction. We can do this by implementing
VLANs.

We were connecting two switches together. So, we want to allow all configured
VLANs to pass between the two switches. This is accomplished by implementing a
trunk port. To configure port 24 on switch to be a trunk port, we use the following
code:

20
Switch>enable

Switch1#configure terminal

Switch1(config)#interface FastEthernet 0/24

Switch1(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk

Command Description
enable Enables higher privilege level access,
such as privileged EXEC mode.
config terminal This command allows you to enter
configuration commands.
spanning-tree vlan Configure Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
parameters on a per-VLAN basis
switchport mode trunk Configure trunking which essentially
turns trunking on
interface FastEthernet Select a particular Fast Ethernet interface
for configuration

Fig 1.2(b) Command with Description

4.1.1 Tools used:

4.1.1.1 Putty

Putty is a free and open-source terminal emulator, serial console and network file
transfer application. We use putty to check connectivity between the devices and to
trace a route between devices.

4.1.1.2 AirControl

AirControl is a powerful and intuitive web based server network management

application which allows operators to centrally manage entire networks of Ubiqutii
devices. We use AirControl to see signal of Imadol access point.

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4.2 Testing

4.2.1 STP verification

We verify that spanning tree is enabled on VLAN 200 by :

Switch# show spanning-tree vlan 200

VLAN200 is executing the ieee compatible Spanning Tree protocol

Bridge Identifier has priority 32768, address 0050.3e8d.6401

Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15

Current root has priority 16384, address 0060.704c.7000

Root port is 264 (FastEthernet5/8), cost of root path is 38

Topology change flag not set, detected flag not set

Number of topology changes 0 last change occurred 01:53:48 ago

Times: hold 1, topology change 24, notification 2

hello 2, max age 14, forward delay 10

Timers: hello 0, topology change 0, notification 0

4.2.2 Ping

Ping is a networking utility program or a tool to test if a particular host is reachable. It

is a diagnostic that checks if your computer is connected to a server.

After connecting Imadol switch from a Network Operation Center (NOC) through
primary and secondary trunk link, we test connectivity between NOC and Imadol
switch by pinging IP address of NOC Switch (202.94.66.31) from Imadol Switch and
pinging IP address of Imadol switch (100.126.255.81) from NOC switch. We also
check connectivity between Imadol switch and Imadol pop by pinging IP address of
Imadol PoP (172.22.27.133) from Imadol Switch. The following result is obtained:

22
 Fig1.6 (a): pinging Network Operation Center from Imadol switch

Fig1.6 (b): pinging Imadol switch from Network Operation Center

Fig1.6 (c) Pinging Imadol AP from Imadol Switch

4.2.3 Traceroute:

Traceroute is a utility that records the route (the specific gateway computers at each
hop) through the Internet between your computer and a specified destination
computer. It also calculates and displays the amount of time each hop took.

We trace route from Imadol switch to NOC (Network Operation Center) switch,
Imadol switch to Imadol PoP and following result were obtained.

Fig1.7 (a) Tracing route from NOC switch to Imadol Switch

23
 Fig1.7 (b) Tracing route from Imadol switch to NOC switch

4.2.4 Show interface port

It is used to display descriptive information about switch port. Such as: port, admin,
operate, speed/duplex, MAC learning, status, and flowctrl.

Fig 1.8 (a): details information about the switch port

Fig 1.8 (b): confirmation of the connectivity

The above figure 1.8 (b) shows the confirmation of connectivity by displaying the
connection input rate and output rate.

24
4.2.5 Show mac address table

It is used to display information about Mac address table. It shows Vlan, Mac address,
type, and ports.

Fig 1.9: connectivity test using the mac address on specific port

The above figure 1.9 displays the mac address of the client that is connected to that
specific port fa0/33.

Note: on the same port many clients may be connected so on above command,
connected various mac address are displayed.

25
 CHAPTER 5

LESSON LEARNT AND CONCLUSION

5.1 Lesson learnt

From the successful completion of this internship, I had a vision that the internship
program provides the platform to gain the practical experience that the student learned
at the classroom at the real world timing. The internship program was such a fruitful
that it provides the opportunity to improve the skills and knowledge and also helps to
work with the large group of people in team work. During the internship period, the
working mechanism of the fiber and wireless were known. Along with above
mentioned points, I also develop my skills to work in a team. Talking about the
technical gain, the knowledge on VLANs was obtained. Similarly, the knowledge
about the wireless and fiber internet access was known in details with its mechanism
and implementation. During the internship period, I also learnt to configure the
various home routers making them primary and secondary use. I also learnt the
working mechanism of the ISP. And I also learnt that the speed of fiber optic internet
is much faster than that of the wireless device. But on the other hand, wireless internet
is better than that of the fiber optic where there is more external aspects that affect the
internet such a breakage of wire due to external factors. Since, wireless is less affected
by the external factors than fiber connection.

5.2 Limitations

Some of the limitations of this internship are as follows:

 In field of IT, everything is changing fast, so must be up to date in field of

technologies.
 Due to secrecy of the organization, the entire system can’t be accessed.
 Before going to the internship, individual must have some workshop related to
the internship program.
 Some of the data were from the website which may not be updated and
accurate as well.

26
5.3 Recommendations

Some of the recommendations to the organization are as follows:

 Being the intern, I didn’t get the entire system access of the organization
which limits the knowledge of the organization as well as technologies
mechanism. Thus, should provide latest some access so that the intern can
learn more deeply about the organization.
 Any organization, usually the service based should always give first priority to
the customers. Organization must realize that the holding existing customer is
more important and fruitful than planning for new customers.
 The organization must bring new planning and packages so that the existing
customers are highly benefited and to attract the new customer from the
competitive market.
 The mentors assigned to the intern student must be highly experienced and
knowledgeable on related field.

5.4 Conclusion

At the end, the internship period was very fruitful and provides the practical
experience and implementation of the theoretical knowledge that were during the
class time and had opportunity to develop the professional skills and self-confidence
on the related interest filed. I also had the knowledge on installation and configuration
of the wireless internet access as well as fiber optic’s implementation. During the
internship, I had the opportunity of gaining the working mechanism of the internet
and taught to manage the time and planning while working in a team and also
developed the self-motivation as well as self-confidence. The main achievement from
the internship period is the confidence inside before starting the profession on related
field. Along with technical gain, I also had the knowledge on handling the customer’s
trouble in a systematic and easy way. Finally, it is also gained that the fiber internet is
better than the wireless internet connection because the data transfer rate in fiber is
much faster than in the wireless device.

27
 References

Classic tech pvt ltd. (2012, November 5). Retrieved from uno:
http://www.uno.com.np/business-detail-1-kathmandu-internet-service-provider-61-
classic-tech-pvt.-ltd

Corporate mission. (2015, April 15). Retrieved from classic:

https://www.classic.com.np/about-us/corporate-mission

Godal, J. (2016, September 1). Telia carrier sets up PoP in Marseilles to accommodate new
subsea cable systems. Retrieved from subseaworldnews:
https://subseaworldnews.com/2016/09/01/telia-carrier-sets-up-pop-in-marseilles-
to-accommodate-new-subsea-cable-systems

Pradhan, A. (2015, April 6). Internet: how it really started in Nepal. Retrieved from dwitnews:
http://dwitnews.com/internet-really-started-nepal

Rana, P. (2006, october 14). Nepal telecommunication authority. Retrieved from Nepalisp:
http://www.nepalisp.com/Nepal-telecommunication-authority

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