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Casein-Free Diet:
A Trial Diet for Autism
Some children with autism spectrum disorder have been reported to improve significantly when
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casein and gluten are removed from their diets. Casein is found in milk. Gluten is found in wheat,
rye, and barley. The number of children who respond well to a casein- and gluten-free diet
is small, but many parents and caregivers want to find out whether this type of diet will
benefit the child in their care.
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The elimination diet is commonly used when trying to figure out whether a particular food
affects a certain condition. The participant stops eating all foods that are potential triggers
for a time to find out whether the food is the source of the problem.
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When on an elimination diet, it is important that any foods removed from the diet be
replaced with others of the same nutritional value. This is especially important for children
with autism spectrum disorder, since they tend to be rather picky about food and the
elimination diet limits their options even more.
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The information in this handout will enable you to eliminate foods containing casein and
gluten from your child’s diet and replace them with others with similar nutritional content.
An initial trial of 1 to 3 months should allow enough time to assess whether the diet
improves symptoms.
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Written by Janice Vickerstaff Joneja, PhD, RD. Copyright 2013 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
This material may be used for patient counseling or education.
Food Choices for a Gluten- and Casein-Free Diet
Milk and Dairy Products
Foods Allowed Foods to Avoid
Margarines free from milk solids, such “Milk” will be listed on labels of all food
as margarines containing soy (sometimes products containing milk in the United States.
labeled “dairy-free”) and margarines Avoid any type of milk product containing
containing whey but not casein (whey casein, such as:
will be listed on the label) Buttermilk
Milk-free substitutes
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Cheese of all types
Cream
Food products containing casein or milk
solids
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Milk of all types
Milk solids
Sour cream
Yogurt
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Grains
Foods Allowed Foods to Avoid
Amaranth Barley
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Buckwheat Couscous
Corn Durum
Millet Kamut
Oats Rye
Quinoa Semolina
Rice (all kinds) Spelt
Sorghum Triticale
Tapioca Wheat
Wheat berries
Wheat bran
Wheat germ
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Written by Janice Vickerstaff Joneja, PhD, RD. Copyright 2013 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
This material may be used for patient counseling or education.
Flours and Starches
Foods Allowed Foods to Avoid
Any flour made from grains on the Any flour or starch made from grains on
“foods allowed” list the “foods to avoid” list
Arrowroot starch and flour Graham flour
Bean flours Starch
Cornstarch
Lentil or pea flour
Nut meal and flours (all types)
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Potato starch and flour
Sago flour
Soy flour
Tapioca starch
Baked goods and specialty baking mixes Any bread or baked goods with milk,
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without milk, wheat, barley, rye, or wheat, barley, rye or other ingredients on
other ingredients on any of the “foods to any of the “foods to avoid” lists
avoid” lists
Gluten-free products without casein or
milk solids
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Pasta
Foods Allowed Foods to Avoid
Green bean pasta or vermicelli Any pasta made from a grain on the
Mung bean pasta or vermicelli “foods to avoid” list
Pasta made from any allowed grain (for Couscous
example, quinoa pasta or rice noodles)
Soybean pasta
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Written by Janice Vickerstaff Joneja, PhD, RD. Copyright 2013 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
This material may be used for patient counseling or education.
Crackers and Snacks
Foods Allowed Foods to Avoid
Oat cakes made from oats and oat Any crackers and snacks made with
flour without wheat or “flour” without wheat, spelt, kamut, triticale, semolina,
identified source durum, couscous, rye, or barley
Popcorn without artificial flavors and
colors
Potato chips
Rice cakes
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Rice crackers
Cereals
Foods Allowed
Any “allowed” grains, cooked
Cornflakes
Cream of rice
Oat meal
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Vegetables
Foods Allowed Foods to Avoid
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Written by Janice Vickerstaff Joneja, PhD, RD. Copyright 2013 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
This material may be used for patient counseling or education.
Legumes (Beans, Peas, Lentils, Peanuts)
Foods Allowed Foods to Avoid
Dried or canned beans and peas, such as Legumes in recipes that contain milk,
split peas, black-eyed peas, kidney beans, wheat, barley, rye, or other ingredients
navy beans, pinto beans, and soybeans on any of the “foods to avoid” lists
Lentils (brown, yellow, white)
Peanuts
Plain peanut butter without sweeteners
Plain tofu
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Fruit
Foods Allowed Foods to Avoid
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Fruits canned in fruit juice or water
Plain fresh, frozen, or dried fruits
100% fruit juices, including fresh-
squeezed, pasteurized, calcium-fortified,
and cans or cartons
Any fruit preparation that contains milk
or a milk product such as ice cream,
yogurt, or some types of sherbet
Any fruit preparation that includes
wheat, barley, or rye; flour made from
those grains; or other ingredients on any
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of the“foods to avoid” list
Fish canned in oil or water Meats, poultry, and fish with fillers or
Fresh or frozen meat, poultry, or fish (or coatings containing wheat, such as flour,
those marinated in oil, herbs, or lemon) bread crumbs, or batter
Egg
Foods Allowed Foods to Avoid
Eggs and egg dishes without ingredients Egg dishes that contain milk or milk
on any of the “foods to avoid” lists products, wheat, barley, rye, or other
ingredients on any of the “foods to
avoid” lists
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Written by Janice Vickerstaff Joneja, PhD, RD. Copyright 2013 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
This material may be used for patient counseling or education.
Nuts and Seeds
Foods Allowed Foods to Avoid
Nut and seed butters, such as almond Any nut or seed mixtures that contain
butter, cashew butter, and sunflower seed milk, wheat, barley, rye, or other
butter ingredients on any of the “foods to
Plain nuts and seeds avoid” lists
Tahini (sesame seed paste)
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Foods Allowed Foods to Avoid
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Written by Janice Vickerstaff Joneja, PhD, RD. Copyright 2013 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
This material may be used for patient counseling or education.
Herbs and Spices
Foods Allowed Foods to Avoid
Plain fresh or dried herbs Any spices or herbs with flour or milk
Plain spices ingredients
Beverages
Foods Allowed Foods to Avoid
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Calcium-fortified soy milk or flours on any of the “foods to avoid”
Coconut milk lists
Herbal teas
Nut milks
100% fruit and vegetable juices
Plain water and mineral water
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Potato starch–based beverage, such as
Vance’s DariFree
Seed milks
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Soy beverages
Whey powder diluted with water
according to package directions
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Written by Janice Vickerstaff Joneja, PhD, RD. Copyright 2013 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
This material may be used for patient counseling or education.