UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN

FACULTY OF SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL SCIENCE

PERAK CAMPUS

BACHELOR OF CHEMISTRY

YEAR 1

UDEC 1224 CHEMISTRY LABORATORY II

NAME: TAN YEE TING (14ADB04252)

: MARK LOW YOONG NENG (15ADB07786)

: KONG KIAN LIANG (16ADB05307)

PRACTICAL GROUP: P5 / P8

PARTNERS’ NAME

EXPERIMENT TITLE:

EXPERIMENT 6 – REDOX TITRATION OF ABSORBIC ACID

EXPERIMENT DATE: 22-8-2016

SUBMISSION DATE: 5-9-2016

LECTURER’S NAME: DR. OOI ZHONG XIAN

Objective :

The objective for doing this experiment is to perform a selected redox titrimetry
procedure. The second objective is to determine the weight percent of ascorbic acid,
Vitamin C.

Results and calculation :

Result:

Part B: Standardization of Sodium Thiosulphate solution

Titration number Titration 1 Titration 2 Titration 3

Initial volume of 0.30 0.10 0.00

Na2S2O3 (mL)

Final volume of 38.50 39.90 39.90

Na2S2O3 (mL)

Total volume of 38.20 39.80 39.90

Na2S2O3 used
(mL)

Part C: Determination of Ascorbic acid:

Titration number Titration 1 Titration 2 Titration 3

Initial volume of 0.10 0.20 6.80

Na2S2O3 (mL)

Final volume of 27.70 28.50 35.50

Na2S2O3 (mL)

Total volume of 27.60 28.30 28.20

Na2S2O3 used
(mL)
Calculation:

Preparation of 0.5 M sulphuric acid

M1V1 = M2V2

(18.4 M)(V1) = (0.5 M)(250 mL)

V1 =6.79 mL

6.79 mL of 18.4 M of sulphuric acid is needed to prepare 0.5 M sulphuric acid

For part B: Standardization of sodium thiosulphate solution

39.80 𝑚𝐿+39.90 𝑚𝐿
Average volume of Na2S2O3 used = 2

= 39.85 𝑚𝐿

Standard deviation for volume of Na2S2O3 used =

(39.80 𝑚𝐿−39.85 𝑚𝐿)2 + (39.90 𝑚𝐿−39.85 𝑚𝐿)2
√
1

= 0.007071 mL

Number of moles of KIO3 used = MV

= 0.02 𝑀 × 0.025 𝐿

= 0.0005 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

From the chemical equation:

IO3- + 6 S2O32- +6 H I- + 3 H2O + 3 S4O62-

Since 1 moles of IO3- react with 6 moles of S2O32- , therefore, 0.0005 moles of IO3-
will react with 0.003 moles of S2O32-
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑡𝑒
Hence, for the number of moles of S2O32- reacted = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑

0.003 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
= 0.03985 𝐿

= 0.07528 𝑀
For part C: Determination of ascorbic acid
28.30 𝑚𝐿+28.20 𝑚𝐿
The average volume of Na2S2O3 = 2

= 28.25 𝑚𝐿

Standard deviation for volume of Na2S2O3 used =

(28.30 𝑚𝐿−28.25 𝑚𝐿)2 + (28.20 𝑚𝐿−28.25 𝑚𝐿)2
√
1

= 0.07071 mL

From the weight percent for second time titration:

IO3- + 8 I-+ 6 H+→ 3 I3- + 3 H2O

Number of moles of Na2S2O3 used = 0.07528 𝑀 × 0.02830 𝑙

= 0.002130 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

Initial number of moles for I3- = 0.0005 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 × 3

= 0.0015 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

3 I3- + 6 S2O32-→ 3 S4O62- + 9 I-

Since 6 moles of S2O32- react with 3 moles of I3-, therefore 0.002130 moles of S2O32-
will react with 0.001065 moles of I3-.

Remaining number of moles of I3- that react with Ascorbic acid

= 0.0015 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 − 0.001065 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

= 0.0004349 moles

C6H8O6 + I3- → C6H6O6 + 3 I- + 2 H+

Since one moles of ascorbic acid react with one moles of I3-, therefore 0.0004349
moles of ascorbic acid will react with 0.0004349 moles of I3-
The mass of ascorbic acid = 0.0004349 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 × 176.124 𝑔

= 0.07658 g
0.07658 𝑔
Weight percent for ascorbic acid = × 100%
0.1087 𝑔

= 70.45 %

The weight percent for third time titration:

IO3- + 8 I-+ 6 H+→ 3 I3- + 3 H2O

Number of moles of Na2S2O3 used = 0.07528 𝑀 × 0.02820 𝑙

= 0.002123 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

Initial number of moles for I3- = 0.0005 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 × 3

= 0.0015 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

3 I3- + 6 S2O32-→ 3 S4O62- + 9 I-

Since 6 moles of S2O32- react with 3 moles of I3-, therefore 0.002123 moles of S2O32-
will react with 0.001061 moles of I3-.

Remaining number of moles of I3- that react with Ascorbic acid

= 0.0015 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 − 0.001061 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

= 0.0004386 moles

C6H8O6 + I3- → C6H6O6 + 3 I- + 2 H+

Since one moles of ascorbic acid react with one moles of I3-, therefore 0.0004386
moles of ascorbic acid will react with 0.0004386 moles of I3-

The mass of ascorbic acid = 0.0004386 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 × 176.124 𝑔

= 0.07724 g
0.07724 𝑔
Weight percent for ascorbic acid = × 100%
0.1023 𝑔

= 75.50 %
70.45 %+75.50 %
Average percent weight = 2

= 73.125 %
Discussion :

There are three parts in doing this experiment. In the first part of the
experiment, 0.5 M H2SO4 of solution was prepared by diluting the more concentrated
1.0 M original solution. By using M1V1 = M2V2 formula, the volume of original
solution can be calculated. The initial volume of H2SO4 solution used was 125 ml.
H2SO4 solution was added into the Erlenmeyer flask in the purpose of to produce H+
ions. This is because the production of triiodide ions from the reaction between
potassium iodate and excess potassium iodide requires an acidic condition, so the H+
would take care of the oxygen atoms from the iodate ion and form some water. This
reaction can be shown in the equation below:

IO3- + 5I- + 6H+ → 3I2(s) + 3H2O (l)

(AL-Ashqar, 2013)

Standardization is the process of determining the exact concentration (molarity)

of a solution. Titration is one type of analytical procedure that often used in
standardization (Eddy, 2016). In a titration, an exact volume of one substance is
reacted with a known amount of another substance. In the part B of the experiment,
the standardization of Na2S2O3 solution was carried out to calculate its exact
concentration. This is due to the concentration of solution might change after the
preparation due to the reaction between the solution and the surrounding. By carrying
out standardization, the amount of Na2S2O3 solution can be determined accurately.

In the part C of the experiment, which is during the determination of ascorbic

acid, triiodide reacted with ascorbic acid to form dehydroascorbic acid. Excess
triiodide was titrated with sodium thiosulphate. When its concentration is high, the
colour of triiodide is dark brown. It would change to pale yellow when its
concentration is low. Starch was added as an indicator for the purpose of observation
of the endpoint, allowing a more dramatic change in colour when the triiodide had
completely reacted. Starch reacted with triiodide to produce a blue-black complex
(chegg, 2003). In this experiment, the average weight percent of Vitamin C
determined was recorded 73.125 %.

There are several precautious steps that needed to be taken throughout the
experiment. First, before doing the titration, all the glassware used must be rinsed
with the chemicals to be poured into first. This is done so to wash away the impurities
inside the burette and to get a more accurate result. Besides, the burette volume
reading must be observed perpendicularly. This is done so to get the accurate reading
volume from burette. In addition, all the organic waste material should be disposed
into waste bottle placed in fume hood, instead of throw it directly into the sink. This
safety precautious step should be done since the impurities that present in the sink
might react with organic waste material and cause explosion.

Conclusion :

In this experiment, the average weight percent of ascorbic acid, Vitamin C determined
was recorded 73.125 %.

References :

AL-Ashqar, L. (2013) Ali Raza. Available at:

http://www.slideshare.net/lujainalashkar/redox-titrations-compatibility-mode
(Accessed: 27 August 2016).

chegg (2003) Chegg.Com. Available at: http://www.chegg.com/homework-

help/questions-and-answers/ascorbic-acid-oxidized-triiodide-ion-i3-produce-
dehydroascorbic-acid-c6h6o6-c6h8o6-i3-h2o--q5688747 (Accessed: 27 August 2016).

Eddy, D. (2016) Chemistry 104: Standardization of acid and base solutions.

Available at: http://www.chem.latech.edu/~deddy/chem104/104Standard.htm
(Accessed: 27 August 2016).

University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Department of Chemical Science, Perak Campus.

(2016). Chemistry Laboratory Experiment Manual Year 1(UDEC 1224 Chemistry
Laboratory II) (Page 16-18)