UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD

CURSO:
EVALUACIÓN DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL

ACTIVIDAD:
UNIDAD 1: FASE 1 - CONTEXTUALIZACIÓN DE LA EVALUACIÓN DE IMPACTO
AMBIENTAL

GRUPO:
358032_56

PRESENTADO A:
HENRY ARNOLD ZARTA
PRESENTADO POR:
LINO JAHIR AVELLA LOPEZ
COD:1.057.593.452

INGENIERÍA AMBIENTAL
ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS AGRICOLAS, PECUARIAS Y DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE
SOGAMOSO 08 DE FEBRERO DE 2019
ANALYTICAL SUMMARY
For many years there has been a problem that affects the environment because due to
excessive consumption of its natural resources in terms of construction, the design and
structure of these is not appropriate to provide a minimization of environmental impact,
it must be to launch projects in which the designs created have as a priority
environmental sustainability to achieve an adequate management to achieve the main
objective which is sustainability. Each of the steps for the construction of this type of
buildings from paper to their elaboration should be examined, according to (Cooper,
1999, Kohler, 1999, Finnveden and Moberg, 2005) work must be done through the
development of systems in those that can evaluate the environmental impact, as well as
evaluate the performance throughout the life of the building, will also take into account
conditions such as the balance with energy, environment and ecology, not neglecting
the social aspects and technology of each of the projects.
Through the advance of the years, the technology has been able to create indicators or
benchmarks in which the performance of the structure is analyzed and evaluated by
evaluating items such as air quality, interior comfort, but these are not sufficient as they
should be Emphasize in a comprehensive evaluation tool that provides the total
performance of the construction. After the year 1990 with the appearance of the
BREEAM method that was launched in collaboration with the United Kingdom, this
system being the first method of environmental assessment of buildings and this is still
the most used today, the main objective of this method is to establish a list of
environmental criteria by means of which the real performance of the building is verified
and evaluated, this can be developed in the initial stages of the project, after 1990 the
BREEAM system has been updated and is used to include building evaluation existing,
houses, supermarkets new industrial buildings. This system provides the necessary
alerts so that the owners of the buildings and these professionals, this technology is used
by developed countries such as Canada, Australia, Hong Kong among others, it is worth
mentioning that apart from the BREEAM evaluation system there are many other
systems that have been designed For several countries where most of these methods
are focused on the evaluation of environmental buildings that cover the construction level
and with basics to another database assesses the respective life cycles, these tools are
given in two categories that should be studied as the evaluation and qualification, in first
measurement of the tools that provide quantitative performance indicators for design
alternatives, and on the other hand the tools evaluate the performance of the building by
means of a star rating.
It should be mentioned that the methods of evaluation of environmental buildings greatly
help understanding the close relationship between buildings and the environment,
although there is a part of an interaction that is still largely unknown, environmental
assessment methods have limitations without Any exception that may stop its usefulness
and effectiveness in an evaluation context, in many cases the evaluation methods of
environmental buildings are more useful during the design stage since environmental
issues are incorporated during the design process which can minimize the environmental
damage.
The environmental evaluation is more efficient during the stages of identification and
preparation of the project, the current methods of environmental assessment are
designed to evaluate the projects in the design stages, to provide an indication of the
most relevant environmental aspects, but not a performance already that at this stage it
is too late to consider many environmental issues.
We must also analyze some important aspects such as the financial ones, since the
evaluation methods of environmental buildings focus on the evaluation of the design
against a set of environmental criteria that divide into categories such as global local and
interior issues, these tools base its analysis in problems of consumption of natural
resources such as energy, land, water and materials and internal charges such as
comfort and longevity. A characteristic that is defined to the methods of evaluation of
environmental buildings are developed for local use and no type of national or regional
variation is allowed, to a certain extent the weighting systems can give the opportunity
to review the regional variations at the evaluation scale. , the evaluation of the
environmental performance of the editions includes qualitative performance criteria that
include the use of annual energy, water and emissions, while the qualitative criteria
include impact on the ecologic value of the site and the impacts on local wind patterns.
The quantitative criteria are very easy to evaluate since they are based on the total
consumption and the points awarded accordingly in BREEAM.
In the evaluation of the project it is of vital importance since it is necessary to develop a
model to facilitate the taking of several dimensions and evaluate the criteria to facilitate
decision making, hence the evaluation of the project that can be considered as a
continuous process that depends on It takes place during the first stages of project
development.
The ecological development should be given by a constant concern that encompasses
sustainable development in both environmental protection and management, this refers
to attitudes and judgments to help ensure long-term ecological, social and economic
growth, when applying the project implies in this the efficient allocation of resources,
minimum energy consumption, construction materials, reuse and recycling among others
in this way to achieve effective and rational use of natural resources. It should be
mentioned that the construction is one of the final users of natural resources engines as
well as one of the biggest artificial and natural environmental polluters, that is why the
improvement of the buildings promotes a greater environmental responsibility and value
the future.
References
Ding, Grace K.C. «Sustainable construction—The role of environmental assessment
tools.» Revista ELSEVIER, pág. 451. Recuperado de. 2008.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479706004270.