Respirati

Adult 12-20 Child 15-30 Baby 25-50

on
Pulse Adult 60-100 Child 80-120 Infant 120-160

BP Adult 90-150 / 60-90 11-14 (114/59) 6-10 (105/57) 3-5 (99/55)

Pink=good; pale=shock; cyanotic=no O2; red=heat; yellow=liver;
Skin cool/wet=shock; cold/wet=no heat; cold/dry=cold exp; hot/dry or hot/wet= fever
heat
Dilated (blood loss, drugs); Constricted (narcotics); Unequal (stroke, head/eye
Pupils injury);
Unreactive (no O2)

Respiration: Rate, Quality and Rhythm

Respiration Quality: Normal, Shallow, Labored, Noisy Respiration

Rhythm: Regular, Irregular
Respiration Sounds Possible Causes / Interventions
Airway blocked / Open patient's
Snoring airway; prompt transport
Medical problem such as asthma / Assist patient in taking
Wheezing
prescribed medications, prompt transport
Gurgling Fluids in airway / Suction airway; prompt transport

Crowing (harsh sound on Medical problem that cannot be treated on scene / Prompt
inhale) transport

Pulse: Rate and Quality

Pulse Rates per minute at

Pulse Rate per Age
rest
Adult 60 - 100
Adolescent 11-14 60 - 105
School age 6-10 70 - 110
Preschooler 3-5 80 - 120
Toddler 1-3 80 - 130
Infant 6-12 mos 80 - 140
Infant 0-5 mos 90 - 140
Newborn 120 - 160

Pulse Quality Significance / Possible Causes

Rapid, regular and full
Rapid, regular and thready
Slow
Exertion, fright, fever, high blood pressure, first stage of
blood loss
Shock, later stages of blood loss
Head injury, drugs, some poisons, some heart problems, lack
of oxygen in children

Blood Pressure:

Blood Pressure is the force of blood against the walls of the

blood vessels.
BP per Age Systolic Diastolic
Adult 90 to 150 60 to 90
Approx 2/3
Infants and Children Approx. 80 + 2 x age (yrs)
systolic
Adolescent 11-14 Average 114 (88 - 140) Average 59
School age 6-10 Average 105 (80 - 122) Average 57
Preschooler 3-5 Average 99 (78 - 116) Average 55

Blood Pressure Significance / Possible Causes

Medical condition, exertion, fright, emotional distress or
High Blood Pressure
excitement
Low Blood Pressure Athlete or other person with normally low blood pressure; blood
loss; late sign of shock

Skin: Color, Temperature and Condition

Skin Color Significance / Possible Causes

Pink Normal in light-skinned persons. Normal at
inner eyelids, lips and nail beds of dark-
skinned persons
Pale Constricted blood vessels possibly resulting
from blood loss, shock, hypotension,
emotional distress
Cyanotic (blue-grey) Lack of oxygen in blood cells and tissues
resulting from inadequate breathing or heart
function
Flushed (red) Exposure to heat, emotional excitement
Jaundiced (yellow) Abnormalities of the liver
Mottling (blotchiness) Occasionally in patients with shock

Skin Temperature and Condition Significance / Possible Causes

Cool, clammy Sign of shock, anxiety
Cold, moist Body is losing heat
Cold, dry Exposure to cold
Hot, dry High fever, heat exposure
Hot, moist High fever, heat exposure
Goose pimples (accompanied by shivering, Chills, communicable disease, exposure to
chattering teeth, blue lips and pale skin) cold, pain or fear

Pupils: Dilation, Constriction, Reactivity

Significance / Possible
Pupil Appearance
Causes
Dilated (larger than normal) Fright, blood loss, drugs
(hallucinigenics), treatment with eye
drops
Constricted (smaller than normal) Drugs (narcotics), treatment with eye
drops
Unequal Stroke, head injury, eye injury, artificial
eye
Lack of reactivity Drugs, lack of oxygen to the brain