Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
PART I:
REPRESENTATIVE PROBLEMS
PART II:
TOPIC WISE PROBLEMS
[ liT- JEE 1972 ONWARDS]
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PROBL-
"IN
PHYSICS
(EXCLUSIVELY FOR IIT-JEE MAINS)
@AUTHOR
.E.dition : 2005
CONTENTS IN BRIEF
PART. I
Mechanics ; ..........................•.••........................... 1 - 36
Waves •.•..................................................................... 37 - 40
Heat and Thermodynamics 41 - 46
Electro Magnetics 46 - 69
Optics ......•....................................•........................... 69 - 77
Modern Physics : 77 - 80
Measurements 80 - 84
• Answers .....•..•••..•..••..••.•........•........•.....•..•••••....... 85 - 106
• Explanations ......•.•.•..........•••••••••••.•................... 107 - 182
PART - II
Kinematics ..........................•.......•......................... 183 - 185
Projectile .............••.•............ 185 - 18 7
laws of Motion .....................••.••........................... 187 - 190
Friction ............................................................•..•• 190 - 194
Circular Motion ...................................................• 194 - 195
Work, Power & Ene. If,Y ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 196 - 199
System of Particles 199 - 208
Rotation 208 - 21 5
Gravitation .............................................••............ 2 I 5 - 216
Properties of Matter .•............................................ 2 I 7 .. 217
Hydrostatics 2 I 8 - 22 I
Fluid Dynamics 221 - 223
Viscosity ....•.......................................... ,..........•..... 223 - 223
Surface Tension 223 - 224
SHM 224 - 226
Waves 226 - 233
Doppler's Effect. 233 - 234
Thermal Expansion 235 - 238
Calorimetry 238 - 239
Heat Transfer. 239 - 243
Kinetic Theory of Gases 243 - 245
Thermodynamics 245 - 252
Electrostatics 252 - 261
Capacitance 261 - 263
CurrenL 263 - 273
Magnetic Field 273 - 281
Electromagnetic Induction 281 - 288
Alternating Current 288 - 288
Ray Optics 288 - 299
Wave Optics 300 - 306
Photoelectric EffecL..•............................................ 306 - 308
Atomic Physics 308 - 3 I 2
Radio Activity 3 I3 - 3 I4
Nuclear Physics 314 - 316
• Answers ..........••............••••.••••.••........................ 31 7 - 350
••
PREFACE•••
The book is in two parts. The first pan of the book has new
arid representative problems. Answers have been given to all the
problems but solutions are given for odd numbered problems to
help the students in developing their problem solVing aptitutde~.
Last but not the least, I wish to' e>onvey my tllanks, to the
publisher of this book Mr. Rakesh Mittal, Mrs, Roanam Mittal &
Mr. Nitin Bhargava for bringing out this book in an excellent Ibnn.
All efforts have been made to keep the' book fj;ee'from errors.
Inspite of my best possible efforts, some printing. errors might have
occured. I shall be grateful to the readers if the same are'f:jrought to
my notice.
April 2005
New Delhi AIt4AtJ'i'~. ~
B. Tech
PRACTICE PROBLEMS ' 1
(PRACTICE PROBLEMS)
IPART.II
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L!ill].,?<::'::"'<"'«<e, ••u,:,',:'.',,':"""""
On a cricket field, a rabbit is at the origin of coordinate system
and a dog at the position (46 m, 28 m), The rabbit runs on the
ground with a constant velocity (7,51+ lOJ) mls. The dog can run
with a speed 5 mls. If the dog starts to run immediately the rabbit
starts, what is the minimum time in which the dog could catch the
rabbit?
6
is u and the velocity of boat relative to t
~U
water is u,f3. The length of the each
A C B
side of the triangle ABC shown in the t
figure is I. Find the time taken to
complete the full course.
E[]]•...••.•..•••
U> ••.•.•..........
A man can swim with a velocity v
relative to water and can run on the B
ground with a velocity w. The flow ,,
,,
velocity of the river is u. The width of the
river is d. The man is at a point A on one d:, ~u
,,
bank and wants to reach point B lying ,
right across on the other bank of the
,
A
river as shown in the figure. Find the
minimum time in which the man can
reach the destination.
lill!illlu.yn'.nn.uy' .
Two particles A and B'move with constant
velocities v1 and v2 along two straight lines ,A
<
v,
inclined at angle e towards the intersection
point O. At the moment t = 0 the particles a e
were located at the distance 11 and 12 from .' (J2
I, B
the point 0 as shown in the figure. Find the
shortest distance between the particles.
C!J _
A man running on a horizontal road finds the rain falling at angle
(J. with the vertical. Ifhe doubles his speed angle becomes p. What
~------------------
A particle starts from rest and moves on a straight line. The
acceleration of the particle varies with time as shown in the
figure. Find the velocity and displacement of the particle at t = 4s.
n(m/s2)
3 4 tis)
lliJ _
A particle moves along a straight line such that its displacement x
from a fixed point on the line at time t is given by
x' = at' + 2bt + c.
Find acceleration as a function of displacement x.
~-- ------------------
A particle moves in a straight line under an attraction towards a
fixed point 0 on the line from rest at a distance 'a' from O. If its
~------_-'---.:.~--'-'------
A body of mass m is thrown straight up with initial velocity vo.
The air drag equals kv', where k is a constant and v is the velocity
of the body. The acceleration due to gravity isg. Find the velocity
with which the body comes down.
[ill _
A particle moves along the x-axis. The accleration of the particle
is given by
a = (kl _w2x), where k and ware positive constants.
(
is given by, f = x3
).
-
~) '.
x2 ,where). and ~ are positive constants.
The particle starts from rest from x = a. Find the time period of
the oscillatory motion performed by the particle.
~ .
~------------~--
'!\voparticles are projected from the same
point with velocities 0 and 20 making v . 2v
equal angle e = 30° with the horizontal in
oppositedirections as shown in the figure. )c.,.4
Find the separation between them when
their velocity vectors become mutually
perpendicular. The acceleration due to
gravity isg.
1201 _
Aparticle is thrown from a height h
horizontally towards a vertical wall
moving away with a speed 0 as
shown in the figure. If the particle
returns to the point of projection
1].
It
v
x
I-VI4
aftllier. suffering. tthwo alellaStidc
nm;~ :mnmm:ry;mm
co Slons, one WIth e w an
another with the ground, find the
initial separation x between the
particle and the wall.
~-----------------
A projectile is fired with velocity u
at an angle e so as to strike a point
on the inclined plane inclined at an
angle a. with the horizontal. The
point ofprojection is at a distance d
from the inclined plane on the
ground as shown in the figure. The
angle e is adjusted in such a way
that the projectile can strike the
inclined plane in minimum time,
find that mlnimum time.
1221 -'-- _
A particle is projected with initial
velocity 0 at angle e with the ~
horizontal. There is an inclined
plane at an angle a. through the : 9 a
point of projection as shown in the _-
figure. The angle e is adjusted so ~~~------
that the particle strikes that plane
at an angle 45°.Find the height h of
the point struck above the point of
projection.
6 I PRACTICE PROBLEMS
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A particle is projected with an initial
speed it from a point at height h. above
the horizontal plane as shown in the
figure. Find the maximum range on the
horizontal
.,
plane .
r.>Al""-I'f'''''
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A particle is projected from the
ground such that it touches the
four corners of a regular hexagon
of side length a, as shown in the
figure. Find the corresponding
horizontal range on the ground
and the time of flight.
125'll~~'~B:~~~h'7l~~~'JJ]
Two planes are inclined at angles lX and P
with the horizontal and a particle is
projected at right angle to the one plane
from a point at a distance 'a' from the
point of intersection of the planes as
, shown in the figure. If the particle strikes
to the other plane at right angle, find the
time of flight.
1261 J7i~t~;f4!;'~~.:~~-~~f\'t~?i~iA~i'm
A particle is projected from the
. point 0 on the ground to hit a
target P at a height h above the
ground as shown in the figure.
Find the least value of the velocity
of projection u and the time taken
by the particle to reach from 0 to P.
127- I ~~"~'~~W~S11ln~~;~~~~~6?J~~J
A particle is projected from the ground I
with initial velocity u at angle lX to the • ~ ~
horizontal and strikes elastically a II ' '.
vertical wall moving towards it with a . /. •
horizonThtal
figure:
veartiloc.itlY
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1281 _
A particle is projected with initial
velocity v as shown in the figure.
After elastic collision with the
inclined plane the particle
rebounds vertically. Then the
particle retraces its path and
comes back to the point of
projection. Find the time it takes
to return to the point of projection.
1291 _
A stone is projected with initial
velocity u at angle a with the
horizontal. Find the angular
velocity of the stone with respect
to the point of projection, when it
is at its maximum height.
1301_. 0_" _-_0. _
~---------------
A sphere 'A: of radius R is rotating
1
about its centre 0 with a constant
angular velocity (i) I' Another sphere B
of radius R:!rolls without slipping with
angular velocity (i)2 over the sphere A
A
as shown in the figure. Find the
acceleration of the point of contact of
the rolling sphere.
~,----------------
A rod OA is rotating about 0 with
counter clockwise angular velocity y'
4 rad/s about z-axis which is decreas- ';'.... '--t, -- ..
ing at the rate 10 rad/sec2. The motion of , ,, ,
,, , ',
a slider's' on the rod is separately
controlled. At a particular instant, as
shown in the figure, the slider's' is at a
,
:,,
,,
~-'
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,A
,
distance 6 cm from 0 and it is moving , ,,
away from 0 with an instantaneous
velocity 5 cm/s and acceleration 81 cm/s2
\', ..•....
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"
with respect to the rod. Determine the
absolute velocity and acceleration of's'
for this position in vector form.
[ill ~ _
A wheel of radius R rolls on a
horizontal ground with a speed v.
An insect crawls at a constant speed
u along a spoke of the wheel as
shown in the figure. Find the
acceleration of the insect with
respect to the ground in terms of
the distance r of insect from the
centre of the wheel?
lill _
A rigid rod OA is freely attached with another rigid rod OB at 0 as
shown in the figure. The lengths of the rods OA and OB are 3 m
and 4 m respectively. The entire assembly rotates about Z-axis
with a constant angular velocity 3 rad/s. Simultaneously, Lherod
OA is being rotated (raised) about an axis l.hrough 0 at the
con.Lant angular velocity 4 rad/s. At a parLicular instant the rod
OAis along Y-axis as shown in the figure. Find the velocity of the
end A at this instant in vector form.
10 . PRACTICE PROBLEMS
3m
A Y
140 I.
A disc of radius r, attached with a
horizontal axle OA, rolls without
sliding on a circular track of radius R
as shown in the figure. In the process,
the centre of the disc moves with a
constant speed u. Find the angular
acceleration of the disc.
[ill.
A rod AB of length 4 m slides
with its ends in contact with
the floor and the inclined
plane. At a particular instant
the position of the rod is shown
in the figure. At his instant the
end A is moving towards right A
with velocity 4 mls and
acceleration 5 m/s'. Find:
(a) angular velocity of the rod
(b) velocity of the end B
(c) angillar acceleration of the rod
(d) acceleration of the end B.
1421
A rod OA of length 4 m is hinged at O.
Another rod AB is attached freely at A
with the rod OA. At a particular instant
the positions of the rods are shown in the
figure and the rod OA is rotating
clockwise with angular velocity 1 radiauls. 1J
Find:
(a) angular velocity and angular accelera-
tion of the rod AB
(b) velocity and acceleration of the end B.
PRACTICE PROBLEMS, 11
@]---------------
1\vo rods of equal length AC and BC c
are freely joined at C. 1\vo ends A
and B are pulled with speeds 2 mls
and 3 mls respectively, as shown in
the figure, at a particular instant. ._A
Find the speed of the point C at this 3m!.
instant. .
1441 _
D
1\vo rods AB and CD rotate about ends A
and C respectively in plane are
immediately above the other, as shown
in the figure. Find the velocity and
acceleration of the point of crossing for
A. C
the orientation given in the figure. ~50t:m -l
~---------------
A rod AB of length 1 m is attached to two sliders at A and B
moving on the guide bars as shown in the figure. Find the velocity
of the slider B for the situation described in the figure when
VA = 0.2 mls. Z
"A!
1471'__ ~ ~_~~~
Consider an arrangement shown in the figure. The block of mass
m" is constrained to more in the vertical direction only. The wedge
of mass m. moves in the horizontal direction. The slider '8' of mass
m2 moves on a fixed horizontal rod. The friction between all the
contact surfaces is negligible. At a particular instant the string
connecting the slider '8' to tbe block of mass In! is making angle 8
with the rod. Find the acceleration ofthe block of mass In! at this
instant? The accE>!eration due to gravity isg.
In the arrangement shown in the figure, the masses of all the four
blocks A, B, C and D is equal to In. The masses of pulley and the
thread are negligible. The friction in the pulleys is absent. If the
system is released only one block moves up and the other three
blocks come down. Which block starts moving up and with what
acceleration? The acceleration due to gravity isg.
mr ilWl\k
C D
A
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 13
@]---------------
In the arrangement shown in the
figure, friction at all the contact
surfaces is absent. The mass of
pulleys and thread is negligible.If
the system is released from rest
in the position shown in the
figure, find the acceleration ofthe
wedge?
[ill _
In the arrangement shown in the figure
pulleys are massless and frictionless. The
masses of the blocksA, B, C is equal to m
and the mass of the block D is 2m. If the
system is released from rest, find the
acceleration of the block A
[ill _
Two blocks of masses m, and m2
are connected with a string and
are placed on a wedge of mass m3
as shown in the figure. The
friction between all contact
surfaces is negligible and the
masses of the pulley and thread
are also negligible.If the system is
released find the acceleration of
the wedge?
fill_' _
In an arrangement shown in the
figure, there is no friction at any
contact surface. The masses of
pulley and thread are negligible.
If the system is released, find the
acceleration ofthe "'edge.
777
~---------------
A block of mass is placed over a plank of mass m. as
In)
shown in the figure. The coefficientoffriction between plank and
14 " ' PRACTICE PROBLEMS
IMI»'
In the arrangement of the
blocks shown in the figure, mj = 2
kg, m2 = 3 kg and ms = 7 kg, The
coefficient of friction between
mj and m2 is ~j = 0,2 and between
m2 and ms is ~2 = 0,3, There is no
friction between ms and ground,
Find the acceleration aj, a2 and as
of the blocks mj, m2 and m3 if the
magnitude of the force F applied
on ms equals to
(aj 12 N, (bj 30 N, (cj 48 N,
I~KI»'
In the arrangement shown in the
figure, a cylinder of mass mj is placed
in the groove formed by two identical
prisms each of mass mj' The
coefficient of friction for all the
contact surfaces is ~, Find the initial
acceleration of the cylinder, just
after the release of the system from
rest,
15~1>
In the arrangement shown in the
figure, the coefficient of friction
for all the contact surfaces is ~, "';'_.- ..•• ,..••• r-;
i.
The masses of pulleys and threads
and negligible,The blockofmass ms , m,
always remains in contact with the
block of mass emj' Find the
aoceleration of the block of mass mj
just after the release' of the "'ysteHl
from rest.' .
PRACTICE PROBLEMS' 15
lill_. _
1\vo particles of masses ml and m2 are A
connected with the two strings of lengths
II and 12 with the end B of a rod AB as (,)
'~-' ---------------
A thin rod is bent to form a horizontal
circular track of radius R as shown in
the figure. A ring of mass m is given an
initial velocity of magnitude vo. If the
coefficient of kinetic friction is fJ.,
determine the distance travelled
before the ring comes to rest? The
acceleration d\Je to gravity isg.
~_.. ---------------
A rough vertical circle of radius R,
carrying a 1:Jeadof mass m, rotates in its
own plane about its centre with uniform
angular velocity "'. The coefficient of
friction is fJ.. Find the minimum value of
'" so that the bead will never slip? The
acceleration due to gravity isg.
16 I. PRACTICE PROBLEMS
,
.. ,
"
, ,
/
,, ,,
'~\
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,
string first :becomes slack and again , I: .;.'
becomes,tight and ,then 'passes through
••••••
.. .•..•.••
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~---------------
A slider can slide on a smooth vertical elliptical guide as shown in
the figure. The fixed point 0 is located at one focus of the elliptical
guide. One end of spring is connected at 0 and the other end is
connected to the slider. The spring is unstretched when the slider
is at A. The speed Vo given to the slider atA is such that the speed
approaches to zero at C. The semi-major and semi-minor axes are
'a' and 'b' respectively. The acceleration due to gravity is g.
Determine the speed of the slider at B.
~---------------
In the arrangement shown in the
figure m, = 2kg, m2 = 1 kg,
K, = 15 Nlcm and K2 = 5 N/cm.
The acceleration due to gravity is
10 mls2• Initially the system is in
equilibrium. Find the work done
by external agent in slowly pulling
down m2 by a distance of 8 em.
1671 _
A uniform chain of length I rests on a
{l-ll)l
rough table so that one end hangs over the A
edge. The chain slides off the table all by
itself when 11 fraction of the length of the
chain hangs, as shown in the figure. The Smooth
chain starts sliding from rest. Find the
speed of the end A of the chain when it
completely slides off the table.
[ill ~ _
Find the work done by a force, y B (2m.4m,0)
F = [(y2 - x2 + Z2) i + (3xy - 5Z»
+ (4Z) k 1 in taking particle from
origin 0 to the point B (2m, 4m, 0)
along the path OAB as shown in --;:-l-~~--l_-x
o A (2m.0.O)
the figure.
18 PRACTICEPROBLEMS
@!]--------------
In the arrangement shown in the figure, all the contact surfaces
are frictionless. Find the distance covered by the wedge of mass
'm' on the horizontal plane till the mass m, is lowered by a
distance l along the surface of wedge.
Bern
E
u
Gem '"
x
J- 20cm -I
[ill
In the arrangement shown in the figure, m] = 3kg, m2 = 2 kg,
M = 5 kg and there is no friction at any contact surface. The
acceleration due to gravity is 10 mls2. The system is released from
rest. After 1 second, the velocity of m] is 3 mls. Find the kinetic
energy of the system at this instant.
In, In,
•
M
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 19
lill _
Consider an arrangement shown in the figure. There is no friction
at any contact surface. The system is released from rest and the
string connecting the blocks A and B is also cut. Find the
maximum extension in the spring connecting the blocks A and B
in the subsequent motion. The acceleration due to gravity isg.
A Skin' B
m,
[ZTI _
A heavy particle of mass m is
placed on the top of a smooth
hemisphere also of mass m
which is placed on a smooth
horizontal plane as shown in
the figure. The system is
released from rest. Find the
angle e with the vertical where
the particle will loose contact
with the hemisphere.
lill _
A particle of mass m is placed on
the wedge shaped block of mass
M as shown in the figure. The
system is released from rest.
Neglect the friction at all the
contact surfaces and also neglect
the impact at the centre O. Find
(a) maximum velocity acquired
by the block .
(b) average speed of the block
over one period of oscilla-
tion.
20 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
ande' IS zJ3
2 and partIe
. Ie' .
e ISgIven a
velocity Vo parallel to AB as shown in the figure. Find the velocity
of the particle A, just after its starts moving.
17~IH>.
A particle is projected from a point on a smooth horizontal ground
with velocity v at angle a to the horizontal. The coefficient of
restitution for the collision of the particle with the ground is e.
The acceleration due to gravity is g. Find
(a) the total time for which the particle rebounds on the ground.
(b) the distance on the ground from the starting point when the
particle ceases to rebound. ~
\,,\,~,
---"
.' ..
'Find.the ratio mi ..
'11iz
AV
'.~
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::,,:,::~::,:;::;:;':"
...........
......... :...
;.:.:.:.:.:
;.
~_. ---------------
'!Wo identical spheres, of mass mare
suspended by vertical string so that they
are in contact at the same leveL A third
sphere of same radius but of different
mass M falls vertically and strikes other
two simultaneously so that their centres
at the instant of impact form an
equilateral triangle in a vertical plane, as
shown in the figure. If u be the speed of
centre ofthe sphere Mjust before impact,
find the velocities of the suspended
spheres just after impact. The coefficient
of restitution is e.
[ill_' _
A hemisphere of mass M rests
on a smooth horizontal floor
and may move freely in the
horizontal direction. A sphere u
of mass m moving horizontally
with a velocity v strikes the e M
hemisphere at a point where
the common normal makes an -7-/-/-~-- """7 7
T T T
~ /
~---~-----------
'!Wowedge shaped blocksA and Beach
of equal mass M are placed on the
frictionless horizontal floor. A smooth A B
sphere of mass m 1l!0vingvertically
down with the velocity v strikes the o e
wedges symmetrically as shown in the 77~
19Q If:~'..
"-, p -- -:-. ~:?"'* 41-.':::7-~_:~5~~
A spherical rain drop of radius ro starts falling freely receives
water particles during its fall, so that. its radius increases at a
dr .
constant rate -d = fl. The acceleration due to gravity isg Find the
t .
distance that t.he drop has fallen in time t1
191" .,1 t~,-~~~t-~~;J~' ~~ 'i"1..~.5rJ:~~~~%'i~~~
A disc of mass mo and cross-sectional area A
is being pulled by a constant force F in a
region where uniform cloud of dust particles
are moving towards the disc with a velocity u
as shown in the figure. All the particles
meeting the disc attach to it. The density of
the dust cloud is p. The disc starts moving
from rest at t = O.Find the velocity of the disc
as a function of time. .,
19.2":1
r.~V""t~i.~. ~~i~"
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..~'?~i!~.1 !..•, l' ' ':f£~~.'
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A C
[EJ_: _
'!\vo particles each of mass m, rest on a smooth horizontal floor
and are connected by an ideal non deformed spring of natural
length l and spring constant k. If one of the particle is given a
velocity Vo perpendicular to the line joining the particles as shown
in the figure, find maximum elnogation x of the spring in process
of motion assuming x«l.
~ to,
@-""'"'' ~ m
m
~-' ---------------
A vertical hollow cylinder is fixed on the ground. A uniform rod
can be balanced partly in and partly out of the cylinder with the
lower end of the rod resting against the vertical wall of the
cylinder, as shown in the figure. The angle marie by rod with the
vertical in equilibrium is e. If the maximum and minimum values
of e are ex and p respectively, then find the coefficient of friction
between rod and cylinder.
Eill _
'!\vo wheels are connected by an axle and are placed over a plank
as shown in the figure. The angle of inclination e of the plank can
be varied. It is found that the system just slips down when upper
wheel is locked at angle e = ex and when lower wheel alone is
locked slips down at angle e = p. Find the coefficient of friction
'between wheels and the plank.
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 27
9
19 1_" --------------
Spool
B
III
SmooUl
11001 _
Consider an arrangement shown in the figure. The surface below
the plank and block are frictionless. The pulleys attached with
the block are frictionless and the thread are massless. The conwct
surface between cylinder and plank is rough enough to ensure
pure rolling. A horizontal foice F is applied at the centre of mass
of the cylinder towards left. Find the initial acceleration of the
plank.
B1oc.k
III
11Ol1 ~
A wedge of mass M is placed on a smooth
horizontal plane and a cylinder of mass
m is placed on the wedge as shown in the
figure. The contact surface ootween
cylinder and wedge is rough. Find the
acceleration of the wedge when the
cylinder begins to roll down.
28 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
". !
11021' I
h
and how much time it will take? Assume R« /.
11031 i-'.--- ~u_ -, . '1
;
11061 _
11101 -'- _
A solid sphere of mass m is rolling on a rough horizontal surface
with velocity vo. It collides elastically with a cubical block of same
mass m at rest. The height of centre of mass of both the bodies is
same. Assume that there is no friction between the sphere and
the block. The coefficient offriction at all the surfaces is fl. Find at
what time and at what distance from first collision the second
collision will take place.
lt~ ~
~» ••
;;;;'~.n7
11111 _
11121_' ----------------
A solid spherical ball spinning with an
angular velocity "'0 strikes a horizontal
floor with a velocity Vo at angle e with the
normal to the floor and rebounds as shown
in the figure. The coefficient of restitution
is e and the coefficient of friction is fl. Find
after ti,e rebound the angle $, the angular
velocity'" and the velocity v.
11131,_. ~ _
Two cylinders ofradii R, and Roare of equal
length and are made up of same material.
Initially cylinders are rotating about their
axes with angular velocities "'] and ",'2 as
00
g;~~~g'~i~!;
ceases due to the friction between them.
Find the angular velocties "'; and "'•. of the
cylinders after the slipping ceases.
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 31
11141 _
11151
A body is projected vertically upward from the surface of earth
with a velocity equal to the escape velocity. The radius of earth is
R and the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the earth is
g. Find the time taken by the body to reach to the height h.
11161 _
The density p inside a solid sphere ofradius R and mass M varies as
p ex: .!, where r is the distance from the centre.
r
Find the gravitational potential V at the centre of the sphere and
also find the internal potential energy (self energy) u of the
matter forming sphere.
11171 _
11l9!....i _-_. ~ _
A tank of rectangular cross-section is
filled with a liquid of density p upto height 'I
H. There is a semicircular gate ofradius R
hinged along the base line of the container
as shown in the figure. Find the torque
acting on the gate about base line. The
I
H
I~~I
••••.••.•.....
\ .•.................•.•.•.•.•.•.•...
A thin uniform rod is hinged at one end A and the other end B is
supported by a vertical massless inextensible thread oflength l as
shown in the figure. Now the end B is slightly displaced. Find the
time period of small angular oscillations of this system? The
acceleration due to gravity is g.
11 1..:.:.................................
.••.•••...•
"'
..•.•
0011.
..........•......
':':':',:,',':::::::':::':':,:,:,:,:,:,:,':';':':::':=::":'
.............•.. •.•.• ...............•....
-.-.-..... :.;:=:::::::::::::;::':'::;: :':::,:,:,:,:,=,:,'::,:;::,'=, ....
•..
A symmetrical block of mass M having a notch of hemispherical
shape of radius R is placed on a horizontal surface. A small
. particle of mass m is placed inside the hemispherical notch and
can slide without friction. Find the time period of small
oscillations of the particle and the block. The acceleration due to
gravity is g.
M ",
mm
....•...........•..•.•.•.•.•....•.•..•..•••••••••••
~ 13 :.••••••••••..•....................••.....•.•.•.•
..
:::::::::::::::'::::-: :
:•.••.••••.•••••••••.•••••••••••••••••.•.•.•.••
::.:.:
....
:.:.,.:.;.:.:.: :.;.:-:.:.:-:,:::,:::::::::.;.-.-"
........
........
36 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
Two SHMS x = a cos 3rot and y = b sin rot along x and y-axis
respectively are supposed on a particle. Find the equation ofpath
traced by the particle in x-y plane and also plot the graph?
1134Ii~-- '1 ••.• -1
Consider a system shown in the figure. Find the angular
frequencies of possible oscillations along the vertical direction.
PRACTICEPROBLEMS 37
_un .....•.•.•.••••.•..•
H .•.• [.1
ItMI?'................
A simple harmonic transverse wave of amplitude 8 mm travels in
the direction of positive x-axis. At t = 0.1 second, for a particle at a
distance of 10 cm from the origin the displacement is 6 mm, and
for a particle at a distance of25 cm from the origin the displacement
is 4 mm. Find the equation of the wave. (Given sin 49° - 0.75)
I~*~I?).............
A snap shot, of a vibrating string at t = 0, is shown in the figure. A
particle at point P is observed moving up with velocity (20.,[2 ,,) cmls
c ::::::::::::::::::: :Wt\t&r::::
The mean molar mass of air is 28.8 and ...J!..
c.
= 1.4. The bulk modulus ofwater is 2.088 x
10' Pa and density of water is
1gm/c.c. Consider only refraction ofsound
at the interface. Find the percentage of
power transmitted from air to water?
11411
A string of mass 0.8 kg/m is stretched to a tension 500 N. Find the
mean power required to maintain a travelling wave of amplitude
of 10 mm and wavelength 0.5 m.
11421'
Two strings of mass per unit length
~, = 0.2kg/m and ~2 = 0.8kg/m are joined
together and stretched between two
supports as shown in the figure. A
sinosudal wave of amplitude A is
incident from the side AO and ~ 0 ~B
transmission and reflection takes place I.
at the interface O. Find --"-, - --,- ••--
(a) the amplitude of the transmitted
wave.
(b) the percentage of incident power
transmitted to the second string.
PRACTICE PROBLEMS • 39
1
1431 _
11461"_"_" -----------------
A metal rod AB of length 1m is
clamped at two points P and Q as
shown in the figure. Find the
A, .
P
.1
•
B
Q
I
I
11471 _
_WI
I~~~IHH.
Tworods ABand BC ofequal cross-sectional area are joined together
and clamped between two fixed supports as shown in the figure.
For the rod AB length is l ,coefficient of thermal linear expansion
is lXI' Young's modulus is VI and density is Pl. For the rod BC, length
is l" coefficient of thermal linear expansion is a" Young's modulus
of elasticity is Y~and density is Pr Now the temperature of the
compound rod is mcreased by 6. Find the time taken by a transverse
wave pulse to travel from end A to other end C of the compound
rod. Assume that there is no significant change in the lengths of
the individual rods due to heating.
I,
I
A~ B m, ~c
M",I
A tube of uniform cross-section is
A B
divided into two parts by a movable
VI Kl V, K,
conducting separator. The two parts of
the tube are filled with two different
liquids A and B. For the liquid A,
-, ., Y,
.\
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 43
1163 1 -._-_-
.._-_. -_~_._-
__ l
11661;" ,- .•~
~ .....• ...- .•. -,""
" ----:.-.."',~.. "':"''':
~ )J
1"
. 32p" A
~ ~~~~~n
, ,
:
8""
'
64"-v,--
A
V
One mole of a mono atomic ideal gas is taken around a cyclic process
shown in the figure. It is given TB = 4TA. Find the efficiency of the
cyclic process.
p
11711_.. ~ __ ~_
A cylindrical container of cross-sectional
area A contains an ideal gas at atmospheric p. k
pressure Po and temperature To' The
pistons used are massless. Initially the
spring is unstretehed and the separation
between the pistons is h as shown in the ..............
_.. -.'f,j' .
T
h
..............
figure. The force constant of the spring is
k. Find the work done in displacing the
lower piston upward by a distance h!2, ]',
1
keeping the temperature of the gas
constant.
11721 _
b
+Q
---------------,--
Twothin rods each oflength I and uniform linear change density 1.-
are arranged as shown in the figure, Find the force of interaction F
between the rods,
I
'/2
'/2
I
..•..•..•... "
,,
,,
,
,/ ----... \
,/ - ..•... '
R -----------1
,/,/,/'0 ,,'/
-------
a(xi + yJ + zk)
The electric field in a region is given by It =
3/2
( x2 + y2 + z2 )
Find the flux through the surface of a cube of side length I centred
at the origin.
d »a and d » b.
11881 .~._._'._1
Consider an arrangement of six large parallel plates as shown in
the figure. The emf ofthe battery is V.Find the electric field between
the plates numbered (1) and (2).
d 2d d 2d d
PRACTICE PROBl-EMS . 51
I~~~I~:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~=
A parallel plate capacitor consists of two
square plates of side length a. There is
dielectric slab in the shape of a cylinder of
parabolic cross-section between the plates, K
as shown in figure. The dielectric constant
of the material is K The length of latus ____ a __ -'
rectum of the parabola is equal to the side
length of the plate. Find the capacitance.
,,
.r- "rei:__
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
I _--
~ __ :: _1-Cl:.. _
I a b I
I~~~'ili)'
Find the equivalent capacitance of the circuit shown in the figure
between points A and B. The capacitance of each capacitor is 471lf.
A
,
"
1= "
f= 1= 1= f=
"
B
1~~~ljH nH2;.""•.•..
c=<=H=T:=,>;=""c=;'=... =.,...=.. =;===""="'=
A parallel plate capacitor with air as
dielectric is arranged horizontally. The
lower plate is fixed and the upper plate is
connected with a spring offorce constant
m
K as shown in the figure. The area of each
plate is A and the mass of the upper plate
is m. The capacitor is connected with an
electric source of voltage V. In steady
position, the distance betwen the plates
is d. Now the upper plate is sligntly
displaced in the vertical direction.
Find the angular frequency of small
oscillations.
,,
,,
,,
a
, --- "".. , ,
I c
---1--- " ,
", "
~ •..•
I
54 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
I~~~I
••.•.
/> ...••....•........
Consider an infinite ladder of net work shown in the figure. Find .-
(aJ the equivalent resistance between the terminals A and B, and
(bJ the current through the resistance R connected between points
C andD.
?J.
" ,tt:r:!l B H D nR n2R n3R
Consider an arrange-
ment of cells shown in
the figure. There are Enr I
m-branches and in each
branch there
n-cells. Suppose this
are
1~(l21=,'~~~~~==~=====~=
Consider an arrangement of cells shown in he figure. Suppose this
combination of cells can be replaced by a single battery of emf E
and internal resistance r, then find E and~.
ov . 20V
10 20
~ 50V
A 5n B
40V
4,l
24Vq~,~C, 30
q,
2H2 - +
. c\
+ IV
10: q2 C2
.,
56 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
205
1 1_' -------------------
A capacitor of capacitance C filled
c
with a resistive material of effective
resistance r is connected with a
battery as shown in the figure. Find
the charge on the capacitor and
current through the battery as a
function of time. Assume that the
switch is closed at t = o.
12061 _
Initially switches 8, and 8, were closed and 8, was open. Now the
switches 8, and 8, are opened and 8, is closed (at t = 0). Find the
potential differences V, and V, across the capacitors c, and c,
respectively as a function of time t.
G..
,,
,
,, ,,
, ..•..
.•.._J._
p
120 81:-------------------------
An infinitely long wire is bent into the form of a parabola of focal
length a. The wire carries a steady current 1. Find the magnetic
field of induction at the focus F as shown in the figure.
J
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 57
"
,
,,
"' ~---
,,," J
------------1
'1.///y."',.. . x P
VI .
x p x
..
A frustum of cone having end
radii a and b and slant length \-=.::::::::; ,- , \1
I is wound with N turns ofwire
carrying current I, as shown .~:
;J-
_- , ,l'
in the figure. Assume 0 '", ,,
continuous distribution of -',,"
wires over the surface. Find N
the magnetic field ofinduction
B at the vertex 0 of the cone.
58 ~ PRACTICE PROBLEMS
--
--
An infinitely long wire of uniform circular
cross-section carries a current whose ,,
density varies as} = br", where b and a.are ,,
constants and r is the distance from axis of :-rl
,
the wire. Find the magnetic field of ,,
induction as a function of distance r inside ••,
the wire.
N gE_a
Cross.sectionai
PRACTICEPROBLEMS 59
12151
--------------------------
A circular loop ofradius a and carrying a current I, :
is placed near an infinitely long straight wire :,
carrying a current I, as shown in the figure. The :
straight wire and circular loop are coplanar. The ) I !
0):
distance ofthe centre ofthe loop from the wire is b. :
, : 12
Find the force of interaction between the straight :,---,
b
wire and the loop.
12161 _
12171
--------------------------
A semicircular wire of radius 'a'
carries a current I and lies in a
horizontal plane (x-y plane) with its •
ends P and Q hinged on the y-axis I
as shown in the figure. A uniform g
"
60 ,PRACTICE PROBLEMS
2191_' ------------------
1
A particle ofcharge q and mass m is projected on a rough horizontal
plane (x-y plane) from a point (a, 0, 0,) with initial velocity It =
voJ, In the space uniform electric field it = - E k and uniform
magnetic field B=> = - B k" exists, The acceleration due to gravity is
g, The coefficient offriction between the particle and the plane is
fl, The particle moves on a spiral path and finally reaches to the
origin 0, Find the time taken by the particle to reach to the origin,
~
E I I B
,,
,~4-------------------, ''
I ,/
, ,
y
,/
/
,--------------- ---Vo
I (n, o. 0)
2201_:
1 ----------------~-
A particle of charge q and mass m is
°
projected at t = from origin with velocity
z
d Bo
1
,000
0 00
000
00 00
oJ
o~
0
•
PRACTICE PROBLEMS . 61
222
1 1_.' ----------------
A cylindrical capacitor consists of two
coaxial cylinders of radii a and b as shown
in the figure. A battery of emf V is
connected across the cylinders. A uniform
magnetic field B exists in the region o 0
12241 _
••..--- 5, ----.
62 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
12271:_" ----------------
A long straight wire lying in a vertical plane
carries a current I. At distances a and b from it R
there are two other wires, lying in the same
vertical plane, which are inerconnected by a m
resistance R as shown in the figure. A conductor
slides down without friction along the wires. The 3
mass ofthe conductor is m. The acceleration due b
to gravity is g. Assume that the resistances of
the wires, the conductor the sliding contacts, and
the self-inductance of the frame is negligible. If
the conductor is released from zero initial
velocity at t = O. Find the velocity of the
•.
conductor as a function of time .
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 63
228
1 1_' ------------------
A conductor of mass m and length I can c
slide freely on a pair of smooth, vertical
rails. A magnetic field B exists in the region
in direction perpendicular to the plane 'of x X
Ix
rails. The rails are connected at the top end m
1~~~I',:!
..!,n/»" .,.,.,.,.,.,.,.".,.,.,.,',',',',», '.
Twocoaxial cylinders of radi a and b are made up of high conducting
material. The inner cylinder is solid. This system is immersed in a
magnetic liquid of permeability IJ. and mass density p. The constant
current I passes through the circuit. Find the height h to which the
liquid rises.
T h
.........................................
t...
1~~~I:,n>.
Two planar coils have .mutual inductance M. By
introducing a ,voltage sour:ce .,a -current I = !~o
(1- e lis maintained in.the bigger coil. The inner
~at '
,
.
.
coil has the resistar:ce R and inductanceL. If the 0. .~~"
r-.!s
525V
c c
L,
2371
1
--------------------------
The time dependence of current is shown
in the figure. The peak value ofthe current
is I•. Find (a) the average value of the
current and (b) the root mean square value
of the current.
66 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
12381 ~ _
The time dependence of voltage is v
shown in the figure. The peak value of
voltage is Vo' Find (a) the average
value of the voltage and (b) the root t
mean square value of the voltage.
123 91 _
The current through the two L
W
.1 0 Sin (314l) Volt
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 67
12431 _
In the circuit shown in the figure R ~ SO, XL~ GO and Xc ~ 30. Find
the current through the voltage source.
12461 _
:-~,
JOOV
L
68 . PRACTICE PROBLEMS
247
1 1_' ------------------
Consider a circuit shown in the figure.
The frequency of the ac voltage source
can be varied without changing the
voltage amplitude. Find the angular
frequencies at which the power in the ~
V =voSinwi
circuit becomes half of the maximum
power.
12481_' _
Consider a circuit shown in the figure.
The frequency ofthe ac voltage source can
be varied without changing the voltage
amplitude. Find the angular frequency ill
at which the voltage amplitude is ~
v=v" Sinwt
maximum
(a) across the capacitor
(b) across the inductor.
12491'--------------------------
Consider the circuit shown in the figure. Find. the resonance
frequency for the circuit.
H L
12501 --------------------------
Consider a network shown in the figure. Find the current supplied
by the ac voltage source.
100 Ion
I
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 69
12511_. ------------------
Consider a network shown in the figure. Find the condition that
the detector D detects no current.
e,
12521 _
246 V
-'----------'~--
12531. _
A particle is dropped along the axis from a height ~
fl2 on a concave mirror offocallength( as shown .L f
in the figure. The acceleration due to gravity is 2
g. Find the maximum speed of image.
~---------------
A cube of side length Imm is placed on the axis of a concave mirror
at a distance of 45 cm from the pole as shown in the figure. One
edge ofthe cube is parallel to the axis. The focal length ofthe mirror
is 30 cm. Find the volume of the image.
f~30cm
70 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
12551 _
A ray of light is incident on a composite slab at an angle of incidence
i as shown in the figure. Find the lateral shift x of the ray when it
comes out from the otherside.
12561 ~ _
An object 0 in side water at a depth h
from the surface is seen by an observer
out side the water. The line of vision
makes an angle i with the normal to the
surface as shown in sthe figure. Find the h
horizontal distance x of the image I from
the vertical line through object O. The
refractive index of water is 1'.
12~1l_. -'--- __
A person at A wants to reach to the 9m 12m
point B after crossing a lake of still A -----
water of width 12 m as shown in the
figure. The speed of walking of the
person is 2.5 mls and the speed of
swimming is 1.875 mls. Find the
minimum time taken by the person
to go from A to B.
12581~ ~_~ _
A ray of light is incident along the unit
vector e on the interface of two mediums
of refractive indices 1', and 1'2 as shown in
the figure. The unit vector along the normal
to the interface is n." The ray is incident
from the side of medium of refractive index
1', and gets transmitted to the medium of
refractive index l',.Find the unit vector ~
along the refracted ray.
PRACTICE PROB~EMS 71
12591 _
A prism of apex angle A is made up
of a material of refractive index fl.
The refractive indices of the
mediums on the left and right sides
are fl, and fl. respectively. A ray of
light is incident from the side of
medium ofrefractive index fl, at an
angle i and comes out from the
other side as shown in the figure.
Find the angle of deviation.
12601, ----' _
c
72, I' PRACTICE PROBLEMS
.•
Q
12661 _
12701'
An equibiconvex lens offocallength 10 em in AIR and made up of
material of refractive index 3/2 is polished on one side. Another
identical lens (not polished) is placed infront of the polished lens at
a distance of 10 em as shown in the figure. The space between the
two lenses is filled with a liquid of refractive index 4/3. An object 0
is placed infront of the unpolished lens at a distance of
10 em. Find the final position ofthe image.
IOcm lOclIl
12721'
1\vo coherent point sources 81 and 82 are Screen
placed on a line perpenclicular to the screen p-
as shown in the figure. The wavelength of D x
the light emitted by the sources is )•. The
distance between two sources is d = 2A. The s, d So
distance of 81 from the screen is D (» A).
Find the mimmum (non zero) distance x of
a point P on the screen at which maxima is
obtained.
1
2741
--------------------------
Consider an arrangement of slits shown
A 1
Imm
SOllrt:p.
Screen
B
T 25 em 50 cm
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 77
~r-~'~"r-:~--~---
-:w~-~c-~:,'-c~J
A parallel beam oflight ofwavelength 6000 A is incident on a thin
film ofinfractive index 1.33.The angle of incidence is 60 Find the 0•
-
1283Jl "--'~ .'
A parallel beam of electromagnetic radiation of
wavelength 200 nm is incident on a perfectly
.•.---~...•....••.•.•.. '1
¥-
by the radiation.
1284li~.:- ...,.. ....' -. _ ••.. _v. _'.. ._~_
20 ern
efficiency of photoelectric emission of
the sphere is 10-".Find the time from
the beginning of the experiment after
which the photoelectric current stops.
78 . . PRACTICE PROBLEMS
1
2871_" ------------------
P Q
Two metallic plates P and Q are separated by a
distance of 0.1 M. These are connected through an x x
x
ideal ammeter as shown in the figure. A magnetic x x
field B exists parallel to tqe plates. A .light of x
wavelengths between 4000 A and 6000 A fall on X x
the plate Q whose work function is 2.39 eV. Find
;A;~
the minimum value of magnetic field B for which
the current registered by the ammeter is zero.
12881 _ ~
I
12891
Two hydrogen like atoms A and B are of different masses and each
atom contains equal number of protons and neutons. The energy
difference between first Balmer lines emitted by A and B is 5.667
eV. When the atoms A and B moving with same velocity strike a
heavy target they rebound back with the same velocity. In this
process the atom B imparts twice momentum to the target that A
imparts. Identify atoms A and B. '
IgiHI:m:i;i:iiimiiii::i:i:i::"i,:':i"'i'i'iii'i":imii"ii,,':i:::'ii,im"i,':',i":'ii::i!i'i:iii'i:i,i::":!::':'.;,;::m':;i'::::.',~:
. l' ~ ,/'
'Two charged particles A:.mdB move on~",,' ~:0
circular paths abo~t theit cenU:e~o'(rnass .• ,-' . ~ ,-'"
" , under their mutual electrostatic attract;'o'ii.-:",'~m ' ' m,tJ
TheparticleAhasmassnl~electro.nic~ass) ~-2l""""~Br--..:- .I'~fr ,A ..•
'and charge +e (electromc charge). The " - - _.,~ "'-'-- •
•' particle Bhas mass 2m and charge -2e,' _
Using Bohr's theory, obtain the energy level. ' ,. .
~::i:iU:iii:i:ii:ii:iii:Umi:i:,i:iH:ii:iiiiiiU:iiiii:iiiiiii:i:i:iiiii:iimiiiUiiHiiiiiUiiii:mii:iUiiii:Ui:ii:::iU:iii:Hi:i:iii::
The wavelengths afKa and ~ X-rays of a rn~teri~l~re2L3p~ ahd
18.5 pm respectively. Find the wavelength of La X-rays of the
. I
rna te na. r
. I
•..• ~
r~~~F::i:i:':i:::i:i:::i:i:i:i'i:i:i:i:i:i:i:i:i:::i:iiiii:i:i::ii:iii:iU::ii!U:i'i'i:,,::'!'!:!:i::!:i:::i:i:i:!iii!i!i:i:i!,:i:::,:i:i:i:::i'i:i:i:i:i!i
• In an X-rays tube'the anti cathode '!Iaterial has atoms.Of atomic
, . , number Z = 28. Find the voltage applied to the X-ray tube if the
,'wavelength difference between the k~line and'short-wave cut off
of the the continuous X-ray spectrum is equal to 84 pm.
~i:,i'i:i'i,tiiitii'i:iitiiii:!iii:iiitii,tiiiiii:iiiiiiiiiii'iiiU:UiititiiitUtU:i,i!:i:iititiiitii:tii't:!:tititit:tititUt'tit:tititititiiiiititU
A ('Li) target is bombarded with a proton beam currentof 10-<Amp.
, . for 1hr. to produce ('Be) of ac'tivity '1.8 x 10' disc/sec. Assuming
that one ('Be) radioactive nuclEiusis produced by bombarding 1000
.' . protons. Determine the half life of ('Be). ';.' ';
.~ • .".~.b t:'
80' . PRACTICE PROBLEMS
~,." .••.
;..;},:,<:?\:"
_:.:-:.:.:-:.:.:::::::::::::::::::::::::,::;:::::;::::.:.".
.•.
'.;
.•.
'.'.'.;
.••
'.;I.
130$1.•.•.•.
;':':':':.::.: ,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.
............................. """""""""""""
,.'.'. .•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•
.'.'.'
.•.
'.'.'
.•.•.•.
'.'.•.'•.••.
••••••••
';:" ".;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;:
~
r.;;rn.', ..... "'.... , ',','.'.', >;;: »..;..:"""",.,.'.
.-:.:-:-:,:;:-:."
:::::~::; .'.'.'.» ;';";:;:,:,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,."".'
~<>:~< - -.- •••» ••••
. ".»);;
.Assuming that the minimum possible measurable time t depends
upon universal gravitational con'stant G, Planck's constant h and
speed of light in vacuum C, find the expression for time t using
dimensional analysis.
27
flom e ..
Check the dimensional accuracy of the relation B = 256,,4s8h3
...' "'I:..:."',.'.
" - ;.....
,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,....................
. .,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-.,,"
.
::::.,:.:.:
..'.:.';,:
:.:.:. . ' -:-:.":-:.;.:
.
1mI ~:~:>«»«~:~;:. ;.;.:.,:;:;:;:::::::,:::::;::,:::,:
:::::::::;': -.-;':'- .,...•.
,'-' '.,.'.',,.:
-'..':':.'
- ':.','
..','",'.',"
..-..'..',.>:
A cube has side of length 1.2 x 10-2 m and mass 3.10 x 10-' kg.
Calculate ita density with due regard for significant figures.
romi1
~
Calculate the temperature of a gas in true significant figures from
(atm)(litre)2
a = 1.85 2 b = 0.042 (litre)/(mole)
(mole)
. The value of one main scale ,division. i~ 1.mm and 9 ma,in scale
divisions are equal to 10.~ernier scal~' divisions ..When n~th;ng is
put between thejav:,s ~f the cailiperse. the:zero orth~ vernier
scale lies right side of the zero of the main scale .and the 4th
division of the vernier scale coincide.s \\ith a main scale divlsion.
While measuring the inner diameter-of a hOllow cylindeT'the'zero
!If the vernier scale lies between 2.4 cm and 2.5 cm of the main
scale and 8th division of the vernier scale coincides With a main
scale' division. Find the inner diame~~~fthe q.linder.
I~~(I
n:!.:m::!:m!::m::::r:::r:::,m!:.:::!::.:m.::!!::::r:'m:.:.!:,::::.:m:m:::::.:.::::::fm::r:!::::: ••:mu::fm:::~m::m:::
The value of 1 main scale division is 1 mm and there a;~'10diviorlons
on the vernier scale. The value of one vernier scale division is
O.~ mm. When the two ja~s of !he vernier calliperse touch .each
other the zero'ofthe vernier scale'lies to the left of the zero of the
'main 'scale and 3rd division of the vernier scale coincides .Witha
main scale division.' While me~suring' the depth'~f hollow a
cylindrical can the 6th division of the vernier scale coincides,With
the 38th division of the main scale division. Find the deptli'ofthe
cylindriea1 can.
.' . .
1~~~Hm:::~~:mm!ml~liWi~m~~::i:m:;::l:m~:::~~:~:wm~::m:m~m~~~m~mmillt~l:ll:~:::~:~::::muw:ml:~~~mt~~:m
. The pitch of a screw gauge is 1 mm and the number of divisions on
" J' the circular scale is 100. When nothing is'put in between its' jaws,
,~ :the zeroof the circuhir scale lies 5 divisions below the 'reference
r- " ~: line; i.e.;: the zero error
is +5 diVisions 'on the circular sca.1e. When a
~'::TWire is h"c1il'in between its jawsth"i;'reading ofiOli.iri scale is
8 divisions and on the circular scale the reading'is 78 diVisions.
Find the diameter of the wire.
I~~~I ::':i:::::i::::ml':~':::i:i::~i:l:::lmlm:::mm::~i~'::i:::l:i::"i:::ui:l:~iimm:::mi~l:::::i::l:i:m:::::m@~::i:i:~:
L.' ""."..1. - .•..••. ' •••.•.••••~ - _.v ~ ~ -" ...•
_~••
The pitch of a 'screw gauge is 1 mm and its cap is divided into 100
divisions. When nothing is placed betw~en its studs, the zero of
:" l.;the circular s.cale is 6. djyisions>bove the,'refe"rence line. (e., the
zero error is ~ diVisions on ilic"ciic'6.lar scaie. WJien a wire is placed
::;:~;.~betWeenits stUds the main scale readillg is 3 divisions 'and 37th
,J1~r division""of CIrcular, scale 'coincides ,with reference line.' Find the
~2'l<lUii'. ~
diameter of the wire. -"'-fB.:-;;..,.!O--.-~~~~~~
~ _•.•..tr 1\ ~ hi.,:- 1J ." ",-
J I~~~I
:i::i:::::i~::::::;::m::::ll:::::i:i:m:i~::~:::m:::mm:::mi::mm:i:m:::j:l:i::::::mi:l:l:::::m::::m::m:1Wm:lmmm::m:::m
A wire has (0.3 :!:0.03) gm; radius'(0:5"",0:005) mm and length
(6 :!: 0.06),cm. Find the maximum, percentage ,error in the
10 ,"n ~easur~tI1_en't.of i!"
d,~sity.: "".LdJ 1" :!:t'.;,,..1(LX:' ~-:> k:"{,
r~tm::[:l:l:[:::l::~::::::[:l:l::ml:l:[::~li:':::~lm:::~::l:i:::l:l:[:l:l~;l~~:~m~::[jl:[:m;i:::i:l;l:::::l:::l:l~::l:l:m:lml:lml:[:l::'
The length and breadth of a rectangle are measu-"'ed (33.2 :!:0.1)
cm, and (16.8:!: 0.1) cm respectively. Find the percentage error in
the measurement of its perimeter.
1~~~Hi::l:::l:l:::l:l:n::::::::l:l:l:l:l::ml:[:l:l:l:::::::l:l:l:l:l:::l:l:l:l:l::::::~::l:l:[:l:l:l:l:l:[::::::'lml:lml:::::::::::l~l:[:lml::mm:l
The diameter of a cylindrical wire is measured 0.247 cm using a
screw gauge of least count 0.001 em. The length of this wire is
measured 5.63 cm using a vernier calliperse ofleast count 0.01 cm.
Find the maximum permissible error in the measurement of its
volume in cubic centimeter.
84 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
1mJ
....•.
3
.-,',','.,',','
"••.... ...
:::;::::':'::::::,::'::;:,:::::;:::;:::::;:;:::;:;'::;:::,:::::::,:;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::;:;'::::;:::::::::::;:::::;:;:::::::;:::::::;:;:=,=:::=,j:::
',',',',','.','
jlilijlll! .::::::::::;,::;:::::::::::;:::::::::::::::::;:::::;: ':::;::::: j:!:j: j: j:!:~:::j: j: j:::j::::: j:::::j::::: j: j: j:::j: j: j:::j: j: j::: j ::' j::::::'
YU...
la.•..•~....o....I.;.'.'.•..':.:.:.'.:.:.'.:.:.:.:.,.,.'.'.'.:.,.,.:.:,.'.'.':.'. »:",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:':U'/':::,::;:
.................................................. ;.;.:-:-:-:':-:-:':-:-:-:-:':':'. :.:-:.:.:.:.;-,.;.;.,.; .....
1
7 = (I-' - 1)
'( i ..1
R + R - MRi R .
(M -1)t) where R1 and R2 are radii of
1 2 2
curvature, t is the thickness and I-' is the refractive index of the
_glass.•In an experiment to find.the focal length.of-a thick lens
-fOlloWing'Observaticms.'!'i'er~
taken.
R1 = (20.0 :l:0.1) cm,
~ = (60.0 :l:0.1) cm,
t = (15.0':l:{),l) cm;and
:1'={1.5 ..:l: O.Ol)cm. __
-Eindtlie focaJ.lengthoftl}e l'ms'.and express the result in terms of
maximum absolute emt:
••
".'~."'.,.:- ...' -'-',",'-" ,-'
.,,'
':::~--"-'
..-..-::.:~-;O-'"'
I"" -,?~-,
(:'
'.".;
, •.
' .. :
, '
_1--------
PRACTICEPROalEMS
1. 4 seconds
• '85
rmin =24 m
d2 + 12
3.
ud + ~d212 + 12(U2 - U2)
2
d(U+W)[W(U+W)-U~(U+W)2 _U ]
5. t
uw2 ~(u + w)2 _ u2
.. " ..",
"
.... ,
•.
'
"
•
6. d ~
7. a = tan-'(2)
'f
,.
u = 'u.J5
. ~"
8. 9= tan-1 (2tanll-tana)
u 3u
9. <u>t!mc = 3"' <U>space:;:: 5
10. u = 3 mis, S = 6 m
."
86 ,
PRACTICE PROBLEMS
.
1
13. V =H8(6- f)(12 + d]4
V()
14.
1+(:!)
15. x=-;(wt-sinwt)
w
211 flll3
16. T= 3
(2flll- 1..)2'
19.
•
..
20.
O'!
2asin2(a + 13),
25. T =
g[sina - sin 13cos(a + I3)J
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 87
26.
6v
28. T=
gJl +8sin2 a
2geosa
29. w=
u(1 + 3eos2 a)
g
31.
(U211 - U112)
max
( + u~ ) ur
w ~ (1 _ U2t)2 + (11 _ Ult)2 ' w = U211 - U112
2
2uR1R2Rg
34. vo=
'2 (rg + Rg)(RI sino. - rd
38. u=]fuu 4+
(ru)2
Ru
88 • PRACTICE PROBLEMS
40.
43. If mls
g(m3 - m1 cose)cose
47. a=
(m1 cos2 e + m2 + m3 + m4 cot2 a)
51.
52.
I
1'2(ml +~)
53. a = (cosa -1'2 sina)
56.
57.
58.
[2 ( 'J2]
R Vo vO'
59. s= 21'In Rg + l+Rg
1 ,
60.
w>(iRY
61. F=mg
90 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
62. t= (Jf}n(J2+1)
63. :7 (../5 + 4J2)R
64.
v= ~~2+~)
3 2
65. V = -vo + 2gb
4
66. W= 1.2 Joule
67. V = Jgl(l-11)
136
68- 3 Joules
4mlm2C
72- Xrnax =
(ml +m2)K
2m2glsinOcosO .
74. (a) v •••.• = (m+M)(M+msin20)
", ~:". , ,;
PRACTICEPROBLEMS 91
M(M+2m)vff
75.
8(M+m)
2vo
76. 19
2vsinct v2 sin2ct
77. (a) g(1- e)' (b) g(1- e)
2 2
m m2vO
79.
2J.lg(m + ml + m2) (m + ml)2
81 . ml
m2
=2
e= mlsin2~+~sin2ct
83.
ml cos2 ~ + m2 cos2 ct
~ (1 + e)usinct
85. . 2
. ;.,
ml +m2s1n a. .r
./3(1+ e)Mu
86.
M+6m
(1 + e)musin2 e
87•
. M+msin2e
92 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
91.
95. J2gRsec8
96.
mv8
kl
3 3
97. l' =ta I -tan -1( sin d. - sin. ~ )]
{ 2 . sin2 a COSa+ sin2 ~cos~
4tanatan~
98. l' - tana + tan~
4
99. 37 g
F
100. 7m
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 93
2mgsin9cos9
101.
3M+ m(l + 2sin2 9)
/
102. Monkey A,- (M+4m)
----
2u M+3m
3,f3g
103. 10/
mgsin9
104. 1 + 3sin2 9
2
105. vA;:;
3g/(1- sin9)sin
2
9 ,vB::;;
)3 g.L-Sln
/(' . 9)
1 +3cos 9
13
106. 4 tan9
36,[2uo
107. 65/
2muo
108. (M+ 3m)R
109. h = 42 m, J = 30 kg mls
. 53uo. uff
110. tIme = 28~' distance = 2~
111. u(M+m)
R M+2m
.,,=
112. .• ta n_1[tan9
--+ (1 +~!'
e
1)]
e
94 i PRACTICE PROBLEMS
2
1 V= -2GM u=- 2GM
16. R' 3R
m2g2Z
118.
10n:R2y
3 (H ~R)
119. 2R pg ---
3 16
3
120. (cos2a)"2
J'2g (H - h)
122.
R
123.
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 95
2 2
125. 41njlw ( 2a b 2)
b -a
126. (l~)vO
127. 2"J ~(4
2
+tan a)
129. 2"~
3g
130.
2nJHi
~1+=]
3m(2M+3msin2 e)
132;, 2"
2K(2M+3m)
(b
l!33. /j2,,2 = a2 2 _ y2)(b2 _ 4y2)
mo: y =a sin21t (~ - ~)
where, a = 8 mm, T = O.58-second,A= 284.2 em.
96. I PRACTICE PROBLEI,1S
2
142. (a) 'i.A
(b)88.9%
zrh2
143. I
1« y=[5Sinn(4l-0.7llcm
145.
146. 20cm
A = (v-'w+:u):{v + w -v.)
110 (v +w -'u)
148. I042JHz.30;=
It% .It:)'
149. z = Asin 1 -JP-D1 .sin ro't
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 97
150. 391Hz.
(I'Y2 + l:!Yd
151. t = (I, .Jp; + 1 .,JP;)
2
e(l,.C1., + 12C1.2)Y' Y2
153. 1.0155 m
154.
155.
_m.e-~(
....,
~,_~Mt2)
156. 153.4 gm
T
157. T=T1 ( T
2)'/l
,
158. T; = T, _ m"S2 (T, - T2) (l_e-at)
m,S, +m"S2
16L
98: PRACTICE PROSLEr.IS
(In ~J
163. P=Po e-rtfVo
171. W=nRT
o
In [1--
4
(PoA)
-
2kh
+ ...!-+3PoA+(PoA
16 4kh
r
2kh
172. 18 PoYo
173.V=[3g1(~+Jl+(:n]i
174. v=qE (T
mVli
175. t=.j2.hEomd [/6+in(3-J2)1:
2
176. (a). (
qQ
4ltEOmVO
2) + b" +
( )"
qQ
. 4llS0mv~
(b)9=2t8nc' ( qQ")
4nEomvob
PRACTICEPROBLEMS 99
177.
V = psin8 sin~
2
4"sor
E= P 3 ~ 1 + 3sin2 8 sin2 ~
4"00r'
A
qRj
178. E=
,,2S0
( r
Z2 + R2
2cr2R3
180.
300
Q
181.
2"sol
cr
182. E=
4,/2°0
183. 4"s.OtR'
184. 4"a
185. + 20 f!C
186. (a) 190 fiC
(b) 190 fiC
(c) 85 fiCthrough S" and 105 fiCthrough S,.
4"°0
187.
e-+.!-~)
a b d
V
188.
d
190. (S:V)ln%
191. 69 fIT
192. 22 fIT.
'00 ' , PRACTICE PROBLEMS
Z2 C ZV2 Z
195. + 0
4(K _1)2 pgd2 2(K -1)
196.
3Z
197.
1t<i2(", + 2"2)
198. ( pZ )lnad
ad-bc' be
2
E [J9n +2n+1-n-1]
(b) -
R ..J 9n2 +2n+1 +3n-1
200. ~(J7
2ar
+1)
201. V= n(n+1)E
2
n(n+1)r
R= 2m
202. E = 43.24 V; r' = 2.1 Q.
where ~ ,; 25 Jl sec
204. q, = 28 JlC,q. = 14 Jlc, q, = 42 JlC
where, ~ = CRr
. R+r
PRACTICEPROBLEMS 101
206.
and
where,
209.
floIa 1.\ ~
210. -~--3/-2 ("a! + x JJ
2 2
2,,(x +a)
217.
,,2aBI
4g
102 I . PRACTICE PROBLEMS
218.
aqB
219. ll(mg + qE)
qB mv
where ro = -.m and R = -B
q .
221. qB2d2
2m
2 2
222. qB (b- a )2
81ll b
a• (a. + f3h
223. F=-----
,,2
R
12be
224.
7
5qB
225. ---
Gm
226. g sinO
2+ lloQ2)
( 4"ml
mgR(I-e-a,)
where a. =
1 (llol
-mR -In-
b)2
227.
(
110
1 In~) 2
2" a
2" a
228. x = mgL (1- cos rot)
B212
Bl
where, ro = + cB212)L . J (m
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 103
where,-ro -1Ul'b~ 2_
mL
232.
L2
235. (L,L2 _M2)C
1 1
~LtC' .J (L, + 2L2)C
Iu .:!!L
237. (a) 2"' (b) .J3
241. 1040 W.
242. 952 J.
(b) J 2LC~R2C2
249. 1M
2" LC - L2
250. 10 Amp.
251. L = C,R,.R, = C,R,R,
252. 10 Amp
253. ~"3fg
254. 16mms
J +t2 (1 JJSin; ., .
255.
X=[t.(1 J).L~-
cosi
sin2 i
cos i:
Jf.l~-sin'; .
,.
h(f.l2-1)sin3i
256.
(2f.l -sm. 2.t, 2
257. 5 second
~\;>" ::HI")' ("t'(::1'-'\oJ
.,.259.
,
1\= i-A + sino' [:: {<SinAl (:J-sin'; - COSASin;}]
264.
r=R[l+ gl
~2_~: -~1-~
]
265. R/2 behind the polished surface.
266. a=--,e=-
~r 1
~+1 f1
1
267.
l+UrJ
268. 25 em from the second lens on the right side, magnification m =
269. 0.5cm
270. 6 cm back side of unpolished lens.
TA. 15"
271. x=- -
12' 4
272. n.[3
273. e = 0, 300,900,1500,1800,2100,270",3300
274. d
275. 34
2D
276• ..[l5
277. Y = 10.5 em
278. p = 2W A = ~Q.
I 3d' 1'2 3d
279. 0.52mm
280. 0.6mm
. 281. 0.15 JUll
282. 0.21mm
283. 3.33 x 10-' N/m2
284. 1.25 x 10-' N/m'
285. 1.81cV
286. 8.3 msec
\, 287. 2.86 x 1000T
288. 5.12 x 10-' Amp.
289. 47.7eV
290. 6.24 x 10' mls.
n=4,Z=2.
A is ,He', B is Iff'
~ n6h6
241l4c4m"
-me 4
3s~n2h2
140.7 pm
15 x 1000V
r
EXPLANATIONS
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 107
EXPLANATIONS
JZ2 + dZ
...(iO
Therefore t=
u cosa + v cose
.[i2;;J2
t =
ucoscx,+Jv2 _u2sin2a
[using equn (i))
.: sina d )
( ~Z2 +d2 .
108 I PRACTICE PROBLEMS
_d_ (u-VCOSS)
vcosS (j)
d d
t = vcosS + vcosS
(u - VCOSS)
(j)
dt
For the minimum time,. dS =0
~ sinll = (_v )
u+(j)
da
9. dt =a.
a =ai
ai"
v=- ... (1)
2
ai3
S=- ...(2)
6
<v>. = -=-at v
s 1 " =- [using (1) and (2))
Now, timet63
Also,
Jvds J:(ia.s
S
-
2
S
r ds 3
--v
5
[using (1) and (2))
dx
But =v
dt
xv=at+b ...(ii)
dv a-v"
-=--
dt x
From equation (ii),
...(iii)
t=
-b+Jb2- a(e-x_2)
a
2U:=(12-9X2)U
2/= 12-9x2
2 12-21
x =--- ...(ii)
9
Now, from equation(i)
u. =(12-2/l(4- (12~2/))
• 8(6-/)(12+/)2
U 81
15.
du 2
-+0> ,-V =fk
ilt
Solution of this differential equation can be obtained as
"'= -;'(1-COS<oI)
<0
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 111
dx k
Now - = -(I-cosrot)
dt ro'
k
x ~ -(rot-sinrot)
3
ro
5,/3
17. ax = 5cos30° =--
2
ay = 5sin30=~
2
s "f: ( 5+ 5,/3
2 t r (5 f dt
+2"t
=} s~85.3m
Now, Vjj,VA = 0
=} _2v2 cos2 o + (2vsin 9-gt) (vsin 9- gt)=O
k. II x 1I1)real &1
I-- d---l
Now, y = (usine)t- ~gt2 (i)
For imin, ~ =0
de
tane = cota
=> e =~-a
2.
Nowsubstituting this value of e in equation (iv)
t.min =
( --------
u_~u2 -gdSin2a)
gcosa
PRACTICE PROBLEMS . 113
r
From equations (i) and (ii)
=u2 t2
2
R +(~gt2 -h
o
o = (uSin
<1» - (gSin ~)t ...(i)
For motion parallel to PN (perpendicular to OB)
. 2 2ag sin~
u = ...(iv)
sina -sinJ3(cos(a+ J3))
Now from equations (i), and (iv)
t = .1_--,--,..:2=a:.:s::in::.2~(.::a_+~J3!...)
---""
g(sina-sin ~cos(a+J3))
27. Time flight = ( Time from beginning to impact with thewall)
114 PRACTICEPROBLEMS
29. d= J(~)\H2
(u2 sin; cos a r +(u r2
~;2a
2
= u sina ~(1 + 3cos2 a)
2g
H
Now, sin 0= -
d
where
sinll-vl sina
V2
31. Ol=------
d
V2(11-v1t)-V1(l2 -V2t)
=> Ol = d2
Ol=--------
v211- v112
(12-V2t)2 +(11-V1t)2
11V1+12V2)
t = ( 2 2
Vl +v2
Substituting, this value of t, we get
PRACTICE PROBLEMS . 115
2
33. ())1 R1 ~40
()), ~ 20 rad I s
v ~ lJ)IRI ~ 2 mls
ro.R2 =v
=> lJ), = 40 radls
Sinee u2R2= 30
ul R1 ~ u2 R2 ~ 30 m I S2
a = (-28£ +4J)
37. It is given that 00= 4krad/s. ii~-10krad/s2. r~ B£em
-+
-+ dr •
v•.•l ~-~5iem/s
.dt
-t ....• -+-+
Now, u ~ Vrel+coxr
and
'\
\
116 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
ro = (4i+3k)rad/s
and r = (3}-4k)m
therefore
I
v = (-9i+16) +12k)m/s I
I
41. From geometry of the figure I
CA = (sin75)4m J
sin45
= 5.46 m
Since, the instantaneous axis of rotation passes through point C.
Therefore, <o::;:~
B 30'
(CA)
4
=> ro= --= 0.732rad/s
5.46
Also Va = ro (CB)
A
= ro[( s~n60}]
sm45
= 3.6 mls
Now aB ::;aA +aB/A
43. The lengths of the rods remains same. For the rod BC the
component of velocity of end C along CB must be equal to the
component of velocity of end B along Cll. Therefore,
v cos (30 -8) = 3 cos 60 ... (i)
Similarly for the rod AC
v cos (30 + 8) = 2 cos 60 ... (ii)
Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
v = ~M1S
c
Now, it is given
y =0.6 m,z= 0.6 m, / = 1m
Hence, from equation (i), we get
x= 0.53 m
Since, the values of y and I are fixed, therefore,
: ={~):
VB= (~}A (.; :: ~VA and : =-VB)
- (~)(02) m!s --
VB - 0.53 . 22.7 em!.,
\
118 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
a,i
m. -a2
a. m,g T,
a, = asec 0 ....(i)
az = a,cot ex ...(ii)
N
For the block of mass m,
m,a =T,-m,g .....(iii)
For the slider '8'
mza, = Tz - T, cos 0 ....(iv)
For the vertical motion of the
block of mass m3
m~, = m"g - T, - N cos ex .... (v)
For the horizontal motion of the block of mass
m.az = N sin ex .•... (vi)
m.
After solving these equations, we get
g(m3 -m, cos 9)cos0
a=
(m, cosz O+mz +m3 +m. cotZ a)
49. Suppose acceleration of the wedge is 'a' and the acceleration of
the block of mass m with respect to the wedge is a,.
From the geometry of the figure.
a, = a (l + cos 0) .... (i)
I
/
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 119
mg(1+cos8)sina
a ---------------
M+m((1+cos8-cosa)2 +sinZa)
N,
N1=m1gcosa-m1asina ...(ii)
For the block m2
m2al = T-mzgsin~+m2acos~ (iii)
Nz =mzgcos~+mzasin~ (iv)
f?".
120 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
f12(ml+~)g
F>------
(cosa- f12.sina)
From equation (v)
Fcosa-(f2)
a::::: max
..,(vi)
ml+~
Now from equation (iii)
fl = Fcosa-"'Ja
=>. (Fcosa-"'Ja) < (fJl max
. (FcoSa-(f2) )
F cosa- ml max < (fJl max
ml+~
...(i)
For cylinder
"")'
, .•• t ~':
"'Ja= "'Jg-2(N cose+ fsine)
For prism
m2al = Nsine-fcose-f' ...(iii) .
R = ~g+Ncose+fsine ..(iv)
PRACTICE PROBLEMS •. 121
2
dv mv2 2
59. mv cIs = '-fl (II ) +(mg)
-J.' o
f1ds
R
_ Rln[V 2 (v/)2]"
8 --- --+ 1+-o
2,. Rg Rg
122 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
2
=> a = (u -2g(l-cos9)2 )+(gSin9)2
1
Therefore, net forCeacting of the particle is
F =ma
F = mg Sin29+(~-2(I-COS9)r
sinO = J5
3
Now for the parabolic path,
x = (vcosO)t ...(iii)
x =4(5~~J5r
Now AP=RsinO+x
= a-a(l-e) = ae
[.:e=g)
From conservation of energy, for the points A and C
3 2
V = -v +2gb
4 0
67. Suppose A. is the mass perunit length of the chain.
Then for equilibrium
124 ' PRACTICE PROBLEr.1S
,,=~
1-'l
Work done.against friction,
~ v=J~~-~
69. Suppose the wedge gets
displaced towards right by a
distance x and the horizontal
displacements of m, and m.
are x, and x. respectively
towards left with respect to
the wedge. The centre ofmass
of the system remains
undisplaced in the horizontal
direction,
Therefore
ml.r1 +~~
=> x = -----
m"+~+,,.,.
Now, from geometry
x,= lcosa and x2 = lcosll
41
=> u=-m/s
7
1 2 1 (41)2
KE = "2(3)(3) +"2(2+5) 7
= 133.57 J
__mvR,_= mgcose
2
...(iii)
cose = ,J3-1
in
!v, m 1.m+Miv,
Then m(vo -vI! = [(M+m)+mjvl ...(i)
126 , PRACTICE PROBLEMS
Total distance,
2
d- 2(vsina)(vcosa) + 2e(vsina) (v cosa) +.2e (vsina)(vcosa) +...
g g g
v2 sin2a
g(l- e)
79. Suppose the velocity of ml' just after collision with. bullet is v,,
Then
mVD~ (m+ml)vl ... (i)
When the block m stop sliding with respect to the plank, then
common velocity v2 is given by
mVD~ (m+ml +m.)V2 ... (ii)
If the displacement of m, with respect to m2 is x, then
2
1(m+m1)v/ _1(m+m1 +m2)v2 ~ f.1(m+mdgx ... (iii)
2 2
From equations (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
2
m "'-2v/
x ~ ~
2f'g(m+ml +m2)(m+md
81. Suppose along the line joining the
centres of the sphere, the Before
component of velocity of sphere A is .. Collision
V 1 and perpendicular to this line is
v2• The resultant of v, and v2 is VA
as shown in the figure. The
cOmponent of velocity
perpendicular to the centre line
remains unchanged.
PRACTICEPROBLEMS 127
0 0
=} (vsin300)sin30° = [(:: ::: } cos30 }in60
ml =2
m2
83. There is no impulse in the direction perpendicular to the
common normal. Therefore, we have
dv +(-L)v ~ (.!_~)g
dt 2"'0 2 2"'0
Solving this differential equation, we get
V ~ 3mog (l_e-J'l!2"'O)_ gt
11
91. The equation of motion of the disc is
d udm
dt(mv)~F-dt
dm
Now -~pA(v+u)
dt
~m ~pA(Ft+"'oU)
=> dt m
t
=> J:pA(Ft+"'ou)dt
WW
, ,,
Ie I I
". ' ~ R:
From the parallel axis theorem, the mome~~_o[~
inertial through c.m. of the hemisphere ""'\ '.
IG ~ I
o
-m(!R)" ~( )mR"
8
83
320
~\.
130 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
I =IG+m(~Rr
~ 1= G~)mR2
95. Suppose the velocity of the particle when it reaches to the topic
top is v.
From conserVation of energy
1 2 1 2
-mvo = -mv +mgRcosO ...(i)
2 2
Now, applying conservation of angular momentum about the
verticle axis through 0, we have
mvo(RsinO) = mvR ...(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii), we get
Vo = ~2gRsecO
97. Suppose the radius of the cylinder is R and length of rod is 21.
COnsider the Clisewhen the end A slids up. Forces acting on the
rod are shown in the figure.
2R = l[(1-,,2)sinll+2"COSII)sin211 ...(v)
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 131
3 3
tan[ltan-'( sin a-sin /3 )]
J.l = 2" sin2acosa+sin2/3cos/3
99. Suppose the acceleration of the block B is a, acceleration of disc is
a. and the acceleration of centre of mass of spool is a" also
suppose the angular accelerations of spool and disc are a, and a.
respectively.
Now
aIR
. => a=-- ... (i)
2
at = aIR ... (ii)
a. =a] (2R) + a2 (R) ...(iii)
For the block
rna =T, ...(iv)
For the spool
... (v)
2
. (mR
-2-)
al = T2R+T]R+fR ...(vi)
maO
a
u =- ...(i)
R
For cylinder
...(ii)
CG= lcos30° A
(~ml2)a = mg({COS300)
3.J3g
=> u= lOT'
PRAqTICE PROBLEMS 133
1
mgh = _I p
oo2
2
2
mg..!.(I-sine)
2
= .!.[mI
2 12 . 2
+m(..!.cose)2]oo2
3g(l-sine)
00 = 2
1(1+3cos2e)
and
Now
3gl(l-sine)sin2 e
2
1+3cos e
Also
1 2 1 2 +-(3m)v
1 2 +-
1( 2m ( -1)2 +-
2
ml J 2
-mvo = -mv] 0)
...(iii)
2 2 2 2 2 12
36,/2 Vo
0) =
651
109. Suppose the particle strikes the hemisphere with a velocity Vo and
the angular velocity of hemisphere just after collision is 0). Then
Vo = J2gh ... (i)
From conservation of angular momentum about the line joining
the supports
when V o = J2gh
Then IJI = 30kgm/s
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 135
113.
"',~~(::2:)
When the slipping ceases
ro'lRl =ro'zRz ...(i)
If the friction force is (between the cylinders, then
Il(""I-"'tl~ -(Rlt ...(ii)
Also
1 z l(
II ~ 2'm,R, ~ 2' "R, lp RI
Z)" z ..(iu)
+R':)
115. g = -
GM ... (i)
R2
and Ve = 2gR J ..(ii)
Suppose the velocity of the body at a distance from the earth's
center is v. Then from conservation of energy
1 2 GMm 1 2 GMm
-mv ---:= -mv ---
2 r 2 e R
v = R~2:
dr =R~2g
dt r
t
J,odt = R,,2g =
1 f,R+h
R
,Jrdr
117. Suppose tension is F in the rod at a distance x from the end about
which the rod is being rotated. Then
F_ j/(mdx)ro x
- x l
2 =
2 2
mro2 l (1-:£)
l2
Now the elongation in the rod
T = 2Rpg 3 (H
---
3
ltR)
16.
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 137
~ AIA2
t = J2H
(AI +A2)a g
123. If the new ,'adius of the mercury tablet is R' , then
27tR2Tcos'"
Initial force F-p7t
-
(R2) =----
h
2
Similarly final force F'= 27t(R') Teos'"
hln
Now F'-F= mg
27t(R,)2Tcos", 27tR2Tcos'"
-------------- mg
U~) h
13B
cos<l> =
I • PRACTICE PROBLEMS
e = ,,-cos-1 [
2"R2
mgh
+(n2 -1)
J
125. Consider an elementary cylindrical layer of radius r.
Then t =fr
=>
f d3 = 2"'11f.wdw
b
r
=> t
a r 0
=> t
a2b2
= 4"'lIW ( 2 2
J
b -a
127. Consider an elementary disc of a distance x from
the vertex. Radius of this elementary disc
r= xtana
Now moment of inertia about the line through
suspension point .
Now
T=2" ~(4+tan2a)
5g
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 139
F=mg f.")
••• \1
2
From geometry,
and Ie = L~ ... (ii)
Now, equation of motion is
(mLZJdZ~
-
3
-
dt Z
= -(Fsine)L
=_( m~f2}
dZ~__
dt Z
(3gJ~
21
-:
f3i
",,/ ill = V21
Thus, T = 2"
ill
T = 2" f2l
'lSi
131. Suppose P, =P
Then pz = ap
Z
P3 = a P
For equilibrium
. A(l, +lz)apg = Al1pg+AlZ<iLzpg
=> ~=a~
For downward motion
dZx
A(l\ +lz)ap dtZ = A(ll +.lz)apg
I
140 I PRACTICE PROBLEMS
I,g
x
where, "'2 = 12(1, +12)
.•••••••••. :::::. ~J. : : : : :
Now time period
~.~-x~.--
" (_11_12_(11_+_12_)J
+"
T :-
- (2I, +122) g
x~ a()l-sin ",t 2
)(1-4sin2"'t)
l'
Now substituting sinwt~ ~ from equatio
;.
x
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 141
y = aSin2"( ~ - ~)
In the first case
0.1 10)
6 = 8 sin 2" ( T-T
1 10 49
...(i)
lOT •. - 360
In the second case
1 25 1
~ 10T-T = 12 ...(ii)
(a) The wave is moving along a straight line in x-y plane through
origin making 30° with x-axis and 60° with y-axis.
(b) The wavelength of the wave is 1m.
2"
(c) A~ =T [(x2 -x.Jcosu+(Y2- y.J cos f3]
Att=O
Now
b
x= ..[3
1 2"
141. P = -"or ,a ,v
2
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 143
Now (0 2,W
= --and
Ie
v= f!
-
fJ.
3
Therefore P = 2,,2a2 ~ T .
,,2 fJ.
Substituting, a = 10 mm, " = 0.5 m, T = 500 Nand fJ. = 0.8 kg/m
we get
P =98.7 W.
143. Energy of oscillations equals to the work done against tension in
. giving the initial extension in the string. Therefore
2" "
K =T = (2n + 1) 21
Amplitude of the pressure variation
pv
M'm= pv'AK= -1-
2
A" (n+2"1)
The equation for pressure variation
Ll.P= Ll.P
m
cos Kx
P = (n+.!)
.2
"pv A I
2
cos [(n+~) "t]
147. Frequency of the sound received by the wall,
n n (v+w-.u)
1 +w -
z ~ V Vs
...m u
.vo • v,
The waves reflected from the wall are
received by the observer. The frequency
received by the observer
....cii)
144 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
n = n (" ++ OJ - u) (u - OJ + "0)
o v co - Us V - co + u
Ii I;
t=
V
r=F+ IF
AP; V AP;
But it is given that z;. '" I, and I~ '" 12
I I
t ",_'_+_2_
ffJI
I'Y2 +12Y,
9(1,0., + ~<l2) Y'Y2
= I, [1+(YHg-3ag)(92 -91)]
dT
157. H =-KA dx
a
Suppose K--
-T
aA dT
Then F!.=- T dx
1 T2 dT
Now JHdx
o
=-aA JT
T,
T,
HI =aAln T 2
...(i)
x T dT
Also JHdx =-aAJT
o. T1
T1
=> Hx =aAln T' ...(ii)
T =T, G:r
159. Since, the radial curre~t from inner cylinder to the outer cylinder
should be equal, Therefore
T1 -T
In (2a1a))
( 27tK1i
~ ,
"1 dS '
1S_8 =_jadt
6) 0 0
S2 - 80
In S _ S =-ut ...(i)
1 0
"3 dS T
js-s =_jadt
82 0 0
83-S0) ...(ii)
In ( S2 -So =-aT
=::)
In(S2 -SO)]
From equations (i) and (ii), we get T = t In (::
[
82 - So
pdV+VdP =0
dt dt
VdP = -rP
dt
,
J dP = j
o
rdt
Po P
In ~ = -rt
Po Vo
P = Po e-"/V,
Now, dT 5
forT ,- =0 => V= -Vo
mUdV 4
Now
and
3
= - 3RTo - 2" RTo + 0 + 14 RTo In 2
= (5.202) RTo
~ e absorOOd ::; L\.QCD + AQDA
=3RTo+ 14RToln2
= (12.702) To
AU = Q
2 '
dU =dW
CvdT =PdV
(~)
y-l
dT =PdV
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 149
=>
3
"2 (PdV + VdP) = PdV (.:y =~)
=> PdV + 3Vdp =; 0
dV 3dP
=> - +-- =0
V P
=> VP' =.constant
=> PVll3 = constant
dV
(b) C =Cv+P-
dT
3 3
= -R+ -R=3R
2 2
171. Suppose the upper piston moves upward by a distance y when the
h
lower piston is moved upward by a distance "2' Then
Po
Now, work done, W = nR ToIn p
1 JPoA)
W=nRToln ['4l.2kh +
173. Suppose at the point B the tension in string just becomes zero.
Therefore
150 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
2
mVB
,
an d mOB
-/- = q E'COS a + mg sm a , )
...,ii
(where k = _1 )
4"£0
vVV=
d 5kq2
__
IX .dx2
I
o .6m d x
0
2
2
= 5 kq2
6m
(.!._.!.)
x d
dx
=
dt
t
I
o
dt
= t 3d[i; md
5kq2 d
j --dx
d-x
- j '_. '- ••
PRACTICE PROBLEMS • 151
md2
t = - [f6-ln(3-.J2)]
~ 5kq2 .
d
t = ~ 2.4 Bomd 7[ [J6 -In (3 - J2)] q
177. The angle between dipolemoment vector and radius vector y is given
by
cos y= J. [ (sine cos~) i + (sin e sin~)} + (cos e) k]
= sine sin~
k pcosy p sin e sin ~
Potential, V = r
2 = 41t So r2
and magnitude of electric field
kp ~~~-
E = -3
r
J 1 + 3 cos' y = 4 P
1tEOT
3 ~ 1+3sin2esin'~
.
dE = 2 [(_1
41tEo
)( 'Adx
r2 + x2
JJ cos e
dx
E= 2!:-
. 27[80 l
'/2
(r2
dx
+ x2)3/'
.
x
.,
u
=
47[80 ~ ~t +r2 . dx 1
Now, consider an element on the second rod at a distance r of the
length dr. Then
dF =E (),dr)
• 2 I u+ l dr a
F =
! R' +~
_1_,-
r
. 47[80 dr
r I'
4
152 PRACTICEPROBLEMS
=> F=-ln
),2
2rr80
-=~J
[(a+l)(l+~
a(l+~
l2 +4a
2
l2 +4(a+l)2)
)l
dV __ 1_ [rr(ls~rx)l.2rr(XSinrx)dx]
4rr80 x
I dx
Q x
V = J dx
2rr8ul2 0
=> V=~.
2rr8ul
E=
=>
185. Suppose the charges on all the surfaces are as shown in the figure.
1
= 41t£0
(!lL_!lL_
4R 4R
'12 + '12
4R
+'13)
4R
.,,(i)
6q, = '12
Since, potential ofthe grounded sphere will be zero, therefore
=_'1 (~+.!_~)
41tl:o a b d
Now, C=!L
V
C _ 41too
-(~+~-~)
189. Consider the coordinate axes as
a/2 y a/2
shown in the figure.
Equation ofthe parabola is ""
x' = ay ,,/iJ
Now, cousider an elementary
capacitor at a <!istance:; from the
axis ofparabola as shown. Then th~
capacitance of this elementary
capacitor will be '
a
.
,-
__ ..
154 I PRACTICE PROBLEMS
dC = EO (adx)
-"--
4K +(1-~)
K - v
C= XT EO (adx)
x == -a/2
-"-- +
4K
(1_~)K X
2
"/2
J ax 2
o 2 ( a )
x +2,jK-l
=>
191. Using the symmetry of the network, the charges can be distributed
as shown in the figure.
+
q,
+ -
q,
C,. = (:1)C
Now,it is given C = 121)IF.
C•• = 69 )IF.
193. (a) The charges on the capacitors in initial and final conditions
can be calculated as shown in the figure.
l4o"e 140"e
+ 1- +I- 2;O"~~ 1,OS,,~
2JiF lJiF 2"F l"F
(lilitial) (Final)
210 V 210 V
; L"I,'
25"e
, 70
~c
rs
J£ los"e.3S"c
6O!!C
2S"C
= [j(i)<210)2 -M:~)(210)2] pj
:0 2.625 mJ
Extra energy supplied by battery
Au,. = 25 " 2io 1'.1 :0 5.25 inJ
lleai toss, All '" lilts - Auc
= (5.25-2.625) mJ = 2.625 mJ.
156 ' • PRACTICE PROBLEMS
...(i)
Here _ (ecbl)V
q - d ...(ii)
____12 e IV2
+_0 _ l
x=
4 (K _ 1)2 pgd2 2(K -1)
197. Consider a' coaxial cylindrical shell of radius x and thickness dx.
All slich type of cylindrical shells will be in parallel combination.
Conductivity at the distance x from the axis
cr=
r
j%=a (cr2-cr,) 121tx-,-
xJ-l-=
=> G = %=0 l
crl + a.
, 1
R=G
_ 31
=> R - 2
1ta (crl + 2cr2)
199. (a)
=~~:,;=oo_n~:nr-
Suppose the equivalent resistance between points A and B is x.
PRACTICE PROBLEMS ' 157
E [~9n2+2n+1-n-1]
II = R ~ 9n2 + 2n + 1 + 3n-1
tttr
_~.
n(n+1) l
12 [ 2 rJ+Ix=2nE ...{ii)
n(n+1) ]
1m [ 2 r + Ix = mnE
From, these equations
n (m+ 1)
Therefore V = 2 E
n (n + 1)
and R = 2m r
203. Suppose charge q has flown from capacitor up to time 't' and at this
instant the currents are distributed as shown in the figure.
i+iI ilO~
IOV ~T~ 5a
r
i
I
20V
0t. 11 q
2~F
5a
Now, applying Voltage Law in loopQ) and@, we get (currents are
in amp. and charge is in ~C)
5 i, + 5 (i + i,l = 10 ...(i)
. dq
Now, 1= dt
2
=-e -ti' Am' p.
5
. i
From equation (i), 1 = 1 --
I 2
The current through the branch containing switch, will be
. . 1 i
I. --'Z+L- 1 -
+-2
~t ~~~
q E R I,
C - (I, - I) r = 0 ..Ji)
I = dq ,
Also dt ...,iii)
From these equations
rRC) dq CEr
( r+R di +q = r+R
II
q = (~~;) (l-e- ')
CRt
where 't==r+R'
Now
=>
From equation (ii)
E+Ir
1---
,- r+R
I, = (E) (1
r +R . + Re
r -11<)
207. Consider a current element at an angle 8 v,ith the radius OP' 8.S
shown in the figure.
From geometry,
8
r =2Rcos-
2
e
and $=900-"2 p
dB J::Q.. I(RdO)sinej>
= 4" r
209. The magnetic field B, due to one side of square will be inclined at
angle (90 - 0) with the axis shown in the figure.
.. Net magnetic field will be
B =.4 B, sinO
I
B = 4 (flO2" .;smex )
sinO
. 1/2
sm ex = Jx 2
+ I;
and sin 0 = 1/2
~ x2 + I:
floIl2
Therefore
B = 2"(X2+~)H
211. Consider an elementary ring of radius r at a distance x from the
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 161
!loNI sin" « b
B= Z In;;:
B = !loNI(b - a) In f!-
I" a
fil.dl = !lol
=>
J.l brct.+ I
=> B=~o--
«+2
215. Consider an element on the circular
loop at an angle 8 with the
horizontal. From the symmetry of
the figure, only the horizontal
component will contribute in net
force. Therefore
162 I PRACTICE PROBLEMS
217. Consider lin element on the semi-circle at an angle a with the line PQ.
The torque due to Iilagnetie forces about line PQ.
't = f: [BI(adO)sinOJasinO
2
= ~~ " IlIa2". -
The centre of riiass is at Ii distlince (2:) from line PQ
For eqirilibrium
;
1.o tit =
-I
P ( tiB
~g ~~~ J" di
J rO .
<tqIl
t'" l-'(mg+qE)
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 163
duy
and. m - =qE-quB ...(ii)
dt •
From equation (ii)
d2u y
[using equation (i)]
dt2
Y == 1.o,E-sm-t
B
. qB
m
=
Em (
--2
qB
. qBt)
1-s1n--
m
2Em 2Vm
Therefore . _.,. y_ = qB2 = qB2d
qB2d2
V ~ 2m
i= ,,;2 (d~z)
l
. = --"a2y ...(i)
R
dF = (iadO) (axcos 0) + (iadO) (Jlysin 0)
164 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
rx/2 2
F = 4.'Lan 2JO cos ada + 4'R
tpa
2 rx/2
Jo
•
SIn
2ada
F = rria2 (a + 13)
2 4
F = rr a (a+f3)Y [using equation (i)]
R
225. Suppose the base radius of the cone is R and slant height is L.
. R
Then sm a = L'
Consider an elementary ring of radius r at distance I from the vertex
.along the slant height.
The induced electric field on the surface of the ring E is given by
,E.dl = I ~: I
2 dB
E(2rrr) = rrr -
dt
1 dB
E = -r-
2 dt
y
1
E = -rb (':B=bt)
2. x
d~ = [(r:)(2rrrdf'rr~L)] r
bQ
T=RL
f rdl=RL2bQ (sin3a)Jol3dl
3 . r L
(.: r = I sin a)
bQR2
T=-- ,. (.: Lsina= R)
4
2
Now ~mR2)dro = bQR
( 10 dt 4
dro = 5Qb
dt 6m
ro = 5Qbt
(lm
5QB
0> = - ,8m'
(Taking into account the direction of w)
PRACTICE PROBLEMS • 165
227. Suppose at any instant the conductor is moving down ,vith velocity
l'. Consider an element on the conductor at a distance x from the
current carrying wire.
The emf developed across this element,
R
V -
_ Jb
a
/loI v dx
2 nx
x
--
dx
J
a
b /loll' b
=--In-
2n a
The current through conductor will be
. V
l =-
R
/loI v b
= 2nR In -;;- ...(i)
= i (/lOI)
2n
In .£.
a
2
/loI b v
F = ( 2" In-;;-) R
[substituting i from equation (i)]
The equation of motion is
2
.' dv /loI b v
m- =mg- -In- -
• '. dt ( 2n a) R
2
dv 1 /loI b
.dt+ al'-=g, wherea= -- ( --In-
mR 2n a)
" -- dl' -
I
dt
5.og-al'- fo
166 I ' PRACTICE PROBLEMS
't - _ [(BI m) --
2
I _ B1m
Bl ] - - --
2 4
2R 2 4R
dm 3B212
dt = -bm, whereb= --'
4mR'
(Q = COo e-bt
de
-" - ="00" e-bt
dt 0'
dy
= - v sin e
dt
Now, i=
2
(1ta )
~
I di I =
dB 1ta2Boa vcose
R
PRACTICE PROBLEMS • , 167
235. Applying Voltage Law in the first and second circuits, we get
L dio +!L +Mdi, =0 '")
I dt C dt ...Il
di.l di,
and L, dt + M de =0 ...(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii), we get
di1+!L=0 ...(iii)
dt C
.. dq
Now l =-
I dt
Therefore, equation (iii) can be written as
d2q .
-2-"+ ",'q.= 0 .
dt
L2,
where", = C(L1L2 - M2)
168 ,
PRACTICEPROBLEMS
237. (a) The equation for the time dependence of the current is
j~Idl
Now I
average
=--=
J:'dt
d1
(b)
I' = =j~_I_2
_d_1 = _j~--,(~I=-~I-")_2c- _ = I~
••"... j~dl T 3
= (10,/2) sinooI + (20,/2) (sin 001 cos 60° + cos 001 sin 60°)
= (10,/2 + 20,/2 cos 60°) sin 001 + (20,/2 sin 60°) cOSOlI
10./6 ,J3
and tane=~=- => 8=41°
20,,2 2 .
1= [(37.4) sin (00 I + 41°)]Amp.
241. Given: I. = 14.4 Amp, V. = 170 Volt
1
Now P .vef~e = -VT
2 trO cose
1 .
= "2 x 170 x 14.4 x cos 30°
= 1040 Watt.
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 169
Now 1
Ol=--
o JLC
C = _1_ => C =
0l6L .
(-.!..)
32
f'F
1
Z
y
.. Current, 1= Z =y ~+(~-~J
R2 Xc XL
=240
=50A
(~r +G-H
y2.
247. Pm",
R
y2R
and P=
2
R +(OlL- io~r
Now P = Pmax
2
y2R y2
=>
2
R + ( OlL- Ol~ r = .-
2R
170 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
1
ffiL---+R
ffiC --
ffi=( ~C+::ZJ~~
249.
!_ 1 __ ,_1_ = z R z + j (~ zX
L
Z)
Z - R+}XL }Xc R +XL Xc R +XL
For the resonance, the imaginary part should be absent,
1 XL
Xc RZ + xl = 0 1'"
.. L = C,R2R, =C,R,R,
253. If the distance of the virtual image from the pole isy, then
1 1 1
=
y x f
A
-Y = f-x
Now
: =(f~J(:J
v, = (f~J)2g(f-xJ
For v, to be maximum
dVI
=0
dx
x=L 3
tl
x = --sin(i-e) t2
+ --", . ('
sm !-~
"')
...(i)
cos e cos ~
Now . e =--
sm sini ...(ii)
III
172 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
and . '"
SIn,!, sin
=-- i ...(iii)
fl2
Subs.tituting the values ofsin 8 and sin <I>
in equation (i), we get
25'7. The person must move along the path of a "light ray" for the short-
est time. --9 12m 9m":"-
A
"d 2.54
Ref ractJve m ex fl = --1.875 = -3
20Am
.
sm e =54 an d' Slil<l>-5 3
Now, I, = 9 sec e = 15 m and = 15 m
12" 12 sec <I>
.
Time = .-21]
2.5
1
+ --' 2
1.875
= 5 sec.
From geomet~y
r, t r2 = A (iii)
8 = i +e- A (iv)
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 173
f'
=> sin e = ;; [sin (A - r j)] [using equation (iii)]
f'
sin e = ;; (sin A cos r j - cos A sin r j)
~=R
263. From the geometry of the figure
174 'PRACTICE PROBLEMS
.. b ...(i)
Slnz,=-
.R
From Slllill's Law
sini
sin 6 = -~- ...(ii)
'Angle of deviatiun, 0 = 2 (i - 6)
. 0
=> sm - = sin (i - 6)
2
= (sin i cos 6 - cos -; sin 6)
sini
= (~ ~2 -sin2i -COSi)
=>
I,
PRACTICEPROBLEMS 175
1 1 1
-+- -
V U = f
R
:::> v=--
3
The image due to reflection is formed at 12,
Now, for the refraction at the spherical surface
3 5
fl, = "2' fl, = 1, u = - '3 R , R = - R
5
v=--R [using equation (i))
2
h,>
I x
1 1 1
Then =
v u f
1 1 1
- -+- =
Y x f
.y=A
f-x
176 PRACTIC!! PROBLEMS
Now
!!L y f
ho-x-f-x
The angular magnification is
m=! = hr!(y+(l-x»)
holl
= (!!L) (
ho
l
l+(y-x)
J
a
fl
m=
2
x +If-lx
Form m to be maximum
.!!...- (x2+lf-lx) =0
dx
x:=: I.
2
1
Therefore
(m)m" =
1+ -
(I,),
4f
269. The lens C will focus the parallel rays on its focus. Therefore, for
a
the composite lens there will be virtual object lit a distance of 1 m
on the right side. '
1 1 1
From lens formula ;;--;;=7
1 1
__ 1
..L..
we have
V i-I
v= 0.5 m
, u 0.5
and magnification, m = ~ = -' -' = 0.5
v 1
Hence, there will be two images at a distance of 0.5 m on the right
side of the composite leos. The image due to part A will be below
the axis at a distance of(0.5) (0.5 em) = 0.25 cm from the axis. The
image due to part B will be above the axis at a distance of 0.25cm
from the axis. " ,
:. Distance between the two images is (0.25 + 0.25) em = 0.5 em.
271. Consider a point P on the positive X,axis at a distance x ftom the
origin, ',' " "
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 177
y
For minima 8,
d
x p x
_x=(n+~)A
(4-(n+~nA
X = ""-~(2-n-+
1) , where n = 1,0
For n = 1, X = ~A
12
n .
= 41, cos' "4 = 21,
Now
178 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
=
~ +1
vI;
~-1
= (.[2
.[2
+1)
-1 .
= 34
vI;
277. yd = (fl, - 1) t, - (fl, - 1) t, + d sin 8
D
= Radian
_11_
1080
Distance between two coherent sources,
d = 2 8 (25cm)
11
= 2 x -- x 25 = 0 145 cm
1080. .
Distance between coherent sources and screen
D = (25+ 100) cm = 125 em
2flt cos r =
t = (n + i) -2-,,-~-o-8-r
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 179
A
tmin ::=
4flcosr
6000
tmin::= -- A
4 x 1.33 x 0.76
~0.15 flm
2I
2 (51 x 10-6
x 10-3)
x
283. Pressure : - :
C 3 x 108
285. At ~ 3000 A,
1.2 :6000 A
hc
E ~ - : 4.14eV,
1 1.1
he
E ~ - ~2.07eV
, . l- 2
1 . ...(i)
Now (4.14) eV - W : - mv~
2
.1' . ~. ...(ii)
(2.07) eV - W : - mV2
2
...(iii)
and ~ :3
V2
From equations (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
W : 1.81 .V.
Now, mv <d
qB
and ..!.mv2 =K
2
B>~2mK
qB
B.mm = 2.86 X 10-6 T
A2 = 304 A
E, = hC
Al
= 11.5 eV,
E,= hC =40.8eV
A2
E, + E, = 52.3eV
Kinetic energy of electrons after collision
E = 100-52.3
= 47.7 eY.
291. Since, from the nth energy level six photons are emitted, therefore
~(n-1) =6
2
~ n =4
Itis given
"
E. - E, = 10.2
~ ( - ~:;~ Z2 J - (- ~:j~
J Z2 = 10.2
293.
Now ...(i)
nh ...(ii)
mvr =-
2"
1 e' ...(iii)
Energy, E = -mv' - 3
2 12,,60 r
From equations (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
6 6
~ nh
E--~--
4 4 3
- 24n: e m
295. From the energy level diagram
hC hC
=--+--
A.L~ A.K~
1 1 1
=> -- =-----
A.w A.K~ A.K~
10-4
= ----19 = 6.25 x 1014
1.6 x 10-
Number of ('Be) atoms produced per second
6.25 x 1014
= 1000
= 6.25 X 10".
182 t, PRACTICE PROBLEMS
Now,
1.8 x lOB
=
625 x 1011
= 2.885 x lOll/sec
0.693
Halflife, ~ = -)..-
0.693
= 2.885 x 10-4 sec
= 2.4 x 10' sec. = 40 min.
299. Number of fissions per second
106
= (200 X 106) x (1.6 xJO-19) .
= 3.125 X 1016
Mass ofU-235 required in.ime year
(3.125 x 10"16) ]
= [(
6.023 x 10
23)
x 235 x (365 x 24 x 60 x60)
= 382.4gm.
••
PART - II
Problems from
Previous Years IIT-JEE
(From 1972 onwards)
PRACTICE PROBLEMS " 183
(PRACTICE PROBLEMS)
IPART-III
~ ••••••............•..........••.•.•.•.••••.•.•....••.•..
:.n ..H.t.{ .
A mass A is released from the top of a frictionless inclined plane
18 m long and reaches the bottom 3 seconds later. At the instant
when A is released, a second mass B is projected upward along the
a
plane from the bottom with' iiettsin initial velocity. The mass B
travels a distance up the plantl';'stopsand returns to the bottom so
that it arrives simnltaneously with A. The two masses do not
collide with each other at any stage. Find the acceleration and
initial vel'lCityof n.
(lIT 1978)
184 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
.~. - -,' ... -,
.
..... . ". ' .
~
..
W~
..~ ~-'"'--~_-'--
A metal ball is allowed to fall freely on a perfectly elastic plane
from a height of 3 metres. At t = 0 the speed of the ball is zero.
Diagramatically represent the variation of velocity with time
specifying the proper units on the X and Y.axes. (liT 1975)
0_. ~~~~ __ ._
..
1\vo cars are moving in the same direction with the same speed
(= 30 kmlh). They are separated by a distance 5 km. What is the
speed of a car moving ;"nthe opposite direction if it met these two
cars at an interval of 4 minutes? (liT 1975)
[D ~
A rocket is fired vertically from the ground with a resultant vertical
acceleration of 10 mls". The fuel is finished in 1 minute and it
continues to move up. What is the maximum height reached?
(g = 10 m/s")' (liT 1975)
ITI ~
A car covers the first half of the distance between two places at
-a speed of 40kmlh and the second half at 60 kmlh. What is the
ave,'age speed of the car? (liT 1974),.'
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 185
[!J fAt ~.
.::~n:~t~7ltf~~~
1~~~-
.1~ .,.~::}S;j~,~-~~~~:r-::_I
:rt.-~~'1
A block slides down a smooth inclined plane when releasee:! from
the top, while another falls freely from the same point. Which one
of them will strike the ground .
(i) earlier,
(ii) with greater velocity. (lIT 1974)
r:::l r.:~7I:~. l(lI:/t~ ~'li.~~~-r ~IM>~t~--~~"~l}"ifi-m1
~.'_
..
~ 10 Co,.t. .•. ~':",_ ::;'.(•..•.... "',.' _~••' .••''':.':~£_ "-' .":';." ..,.... ,'" ."-~:.j~~ •...- ,,' ""-. ~J..,__
..~J
From the top of a building, a ball is dropped while anotheris thrown
horizontally at the same time. Which ball will strike the ground
first? (lIT 1974)
x •
Figure gives the displacement of a • •
particle along the x-axis as a
function of time. Find the direction
of the velocity and acceleration of
the particle between the following
points.
(i) Between 0 and A
(ii) Between A and B
(iii) Between C and D (lIT 1973)
~---------------~--
A large heavy box is sliding
wliliout friction down a sffiooth
plane ofinclination e. From a point
P on the bottom of the box, a
particle is projected inside the box,
the initial speed of the particle
with respect to the box is u, and the direction of projection makes
an anglea. with the bottom as shown in the figure.
(a) Find the distance along the bottom of the box between the
point of projection P and the point Q where the particle
lands. (Assume that the particle does not hit any other surface
of the box. Neglect air resistance.)
(b) If the horizontal displacement of the particle as seen by an
observer on the ground is zero, find the speed ofthe box with
respect to the ground at the instant when the particle was
projected. (lIT 1998)
161_.
1 ----------~----
Twoguns, situated on the top of a hill ofheight 10 m, fire one shot
each with the same speed sJ3 ms.l at some interval of time. One
gun fires horizontally and other fires upwards at an angle of 60°
with the horizontal. The shots collide in air at a point P. Find
(i) the tinIe-interval between the firings, and
(ii) the coordinates of the point P.
Take origin of the coordinate system at the foot of the hill right
below the muzzle and traject.ories in x-y plane. (lIT 1996)
PRACTICEPROBLEMS 187
[ill _
A body falling freely from a given height 'H' hits an inclined plane
in its path at a height '/z'. As a result of this impat the direction of
the velocity of the body becomes horizontal. For what value of
(/zIH) the body will take maximum time to reach the ground?
(lIT 1986)
lill _
A gun, kept on a straight horizontal road, is used to hit a car
travelling along the same road away from the gun with a uniform
speed of 72 kmlh. The car is at a distance of 500 metres from the
gun when the gun is fired at an angle 45° with the horizontal.
Find (i) the distance ofthe car from the gun when the shell hits it
(ii) the speed of projection of the shell from the gu n.
(g = 9.8 m/s2) (lIT 1974)
~~-----------------
~-' --------------
A particle of mass 10- 2 kg is moving along the positive x-axis
under the influence ofa force F (x) = - ( K2 ) , where K = 10-2 Nm2•
2x
Cill _
S '
Two blocks of mass 2.9 kg and 1.9 kg are
suspended from a rigid suport S by two
inextensible wires each of length 1 metre nee
figure. The upper wire has negligible mass and
the lower wire has a uniform mass of 0.2 kg/m.
The whole system of blocks wires and support
have an upward acceleration of 0.2m/s2•
Acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2.
(i) Find the tension at the mid-point of the lower wire.
(ii) Find the tension at the mid point of the upper wire.
(lIT 1989)
@]------------------
Two masses m and 2m are connected by a
massless string which passes over a light
frictionless pulley as shown in the figure. The
masses are initially held with equal lengths of
strings on either side of the pulley. F;',d the
velocity of the masses at the instant the
lighter mass moves up a distance of 6.54 m.
The string is suddenly cut at that -instant. Ground I
Calculate the time taken by each mass ''''''''''''''''''''''
to reach the ground. (g = 981 cm/s2) (lIT 1977)
~-------------
A horizontal uniform rope of length L, resting on a frictionless
horizontal surface, is pulled at one end by a force F. What is the
tension in the rope at a distance I from the end where the force is
applied? (lIT 1978)
~-------------
Twocubes of masses m, and m be on two2
frictionless slopes of block A which rests
on a horizontal table. The cubes are
connected by a string which passes over a
pulley as shown in the figure. To what
horizontal acceleration f should the whole
system (that is blocks and cubes) be
subjected so that the cubes do not slide
down the planes. What is the tension of
the string in this situation? (liT 1978)
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 189
@]--------------
A spring offorce constant K is cut into three equal parts. What is
force constant of each part? (lIT 1978)
1261 _
A lift is going up. The total mass of the lift and the passengers is
1500 kg. The variation in speed of the lift is as given in the graph.
(a) What will be the v(m/,)
tension in the rope
pulling the lift at t
equal to
(i) 1 sec
(ii) 6 sec
(iii) 11 sec. 0 2 10)2 t (sec)
~,-,'---------------
A mass A (500 gm) is placed on a smooth
table with a string attached to it. The A
string goes over a frictionless pulley and
is connected to another mass B r-- 200cm
..
A spring weighing machine kept inside a stationary elevator reads
50 kg when a man stands on it. What would happen to the scale
reading if the elevator is moving upward with
(i) constant velocity
(iij constant acceleration? (lIT 1972)
1iiriimI:»...... . »»)Unl
I*~I» ....
Two identical blocks A and Bare
placed on a rough inclined plane
of inclination 45'. The coefficient
of friction between block A and
incline is 0.2 and that of between
B and incline is 0.3. The initial
separation between the two blocks
is .J2m. The two blocks are released
from rest, then find
(aj the time after which front
faces of both blocks come in
same line and
(bj the distance moved by each block for attaining above position.
(lIT 2004)
(a) Draw a free body diagram for mass M, clearly showing the forces.
(b) Let the magnitude of the force of friction between mj and M
be f, and that between m2 and ground be '2.
For a particular F it is found that
'j
= 2'2.
Find f, and f2• Write down equations of motion of all the masses.
Find F, tension in the string and accelerations of the masses.
(lIT 2000)
1321 ~ _
Block A of mass m
block B of mass
2 m are placed on
a fIxed triangular
wedge by means
of a massless, in
extensible string
and a frictionless pulley as shown in Figure. The wedge is inclined
at 45° to the horizontal on both sides. The coefficient of friction
between block A and the wedge is 2/3 and that between block B
and the wedge is 1/3. If the system A and B is released from rest,
fInd
(i) the acceleration of A,
(ii) tension in the string,
(iii) the magnitude and direction of friction acting on A,
(lIT 1997, May)
00 _
A particle of mass m rests on a horizontal floor with which it has a
coefficient of static friction fl. It is desired to make the body move
by applying the minimum possible force F. Find the magnitude of
F and the direction in which it has to be applied.
(lIT 1987)
block is released from rest from the point D. It slides down DGF
and reaches the point F with speed VF. The coefficient of kinetic
frictions between the block and both the surfaces AC and DGF are
I'.Calculate Vc and VF• (lIT 1980)
lliJ _
Two blocks cOf\nected by a
massless string slide down an
inclined plane having an
inclination of 37°. The masses of
two blocks are m, = 4 kg and m2 =
2 kg respectively and the
coefficient offriction of m, and m2
with inclined plane are 0.75 and
0.25 respectively. Assuming the
string to be taut, find
(i) the common acceleration of two masses and
2
(ii) the tension in the string (sin 37° = 0.6, g = 9.8 mls )
(lIT 1979)
~---------------
In the diagram shown, the blocks A, B
and C weight 3 kg, 4 kg and 5 kg
respectively. The coefficient of sliding
friction between any two surfaces is
A
0.25.Ais held at rest by a massless rigid B
rod fixed to the wall while B and C are C
connected by a light flexible cord
passing around a frictionless pulley.
Find the force F necessary to drag C along the horizontal surface
to the left at constant speed. Assume that the arrangement shown
in the diagram, B on C and A on B, is maintained all through. (g =
9.8 mls2) (lIT 1978)
~---------------
An aeroplane requires for take off a speed of 80 kmlh, the run on
the ground being 100 metres. The mass of the plane is 10000 kg
and the coefficient offriction between the plane and the ground is
0.2. Assume that the plane accelerates uniformly during the take
off.What is the minimum force required by the engine ofthe plane
for the take off? (g = 9.8 mls2) (lIT 1977)
194 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
1401 ~ _
A block of mass 2 kg slides on an inclined plane which makes an
angle of30° with the horizontal. The coefficient offriction between
(i) What force should be applied to the block so that the block
moves down without any acceleration?
(ii) What force should be applied to the block so that it moves up
without any acceleration?
(iii) Calculate the ratio of the powers needed in the. above two
cases, if the block moves with the same speed in both cases.
(g = 9.8 mls') (lIT 1976)
~'-----------------~
lliJ _
Two blocks of mass m, = 10 mg and m, = 5 kg, connected to each
other by a massless inextensible string oflengthO.3 m are placed
along a diameter ofa turn table. The coefficient of friction between
the table and m, is 0.5 while there is no friction between m, and
the table. The table is rotating with an angular velocity of 10 radl
s about a vertical axis passing through its centre O. The masses
are placed along the diameter of the table on either side of the
center 0 such that the mass m, is ata distance of O.124 m from O.
The masses are observed to be at rest with respect to an observer
on the turn table.
(i) Calculate the frictional force on mI.
(ii) What should be the minimum angular speed ofthe turn table
so that the masses will slip from this position?
(iii) How should the masses be placed with the string remaining
taut, so that there is no frictional force acting on the
mass m,? (liT 1997, July)
@]_. -----------~-
. A hemispherical bowl ofradius R = 0.1 m is rotating about its own
axis (which is vertical), with an angular velocity (i). A particle of
mass 10-' kg on the frictionless inner surface of the bowl is also
rotating with the same 01. The particle is at a height h from the
bottom of the bowl.
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 195
@]------------------
A string oflength 1 metre is fixed at one end and carries a mass of
100 gm at the other end. The string makes (.;) revolutions per
second around a vertical axis passing through the fixed end.
Calculate: .
(i) the angle of inclination of the string with the vertical.
(ii) the tension in the string, and
(iii) the linear velocity of the mass.
(g = 9.8 m/s2) (lIT 1976)
!ill --'-- _
A sphere of mass 200 gm is attached to an inextensible string of
length 130 em whose upper end is fixed to the ceiling. The sphere
is made to describe a horizontal circle of radius 50 em.
(i) Calculate the time period of one revolution.
(ii) What is the tension in the string.
(g = 980 cm/s2). (lIT 1974)
196 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
1471~: -_.~------------~
_
A spherical ball of mass m
is kept at the highest point
in the space between two
fixed, concentric spheres A
and B (see figure). The
smaller sphere A has a
radius R and the space
between the two spheres
has a width d. The ball has
a diameter very slightly
less than d. All surfaces are frictionless. The ball is given a gentle
pu sh (towards the right in the figure). The angle made by the radius
vector ofthe ball with the upward vertical is denoted by a (shown
in the figure).
(a) Express the total normal reaction force exerted by the spheres
on the ball as a function of angle a.
(b) LetNA and NB denote the magnitudes ofthe normal reaction
forces on the ball exerted by the spheres Aand B, respective11
Sketch the variations ofNA and NB as functions of cos a in the
range 0 s;a s;11 by drawing two separate graphs in your answer
book, taking cos a on the horizontal axes. (lIT 2002)
@]---------------
A particle is suspended vertically from a
point 0 by an inextensible massless string :A
,
of length L. A vertical line AB is at a
L
distance 8 from 0 as shown. The object is "T.Ot
L',.
~ U8~ i
,,
given a horizontal velocityu. At somepoint, :. ,,
its motion ceases to be circular and ... f.. u .B
eventually the object passes through
the line AB.At the instant ofcrossing AB,its velocity is horizontal.
Find u. (lIT 1999)
@]---------------
A string with one end fixed on a rigid wall, passing over a fixed
frictionless pulley at a distance of 2 m from the wall, has a point
mass M = 2 kg attached to it at a distance of 1 m from the wall. A
mass m = 0.5 kg attached at the free end is held at rest so that the
PRACTICEPROBLEMS 197
frictionless and the part Be has the coefficients of static and kinetic
friction as 0.22 and 0.2 respectively. If the distances AB and BD
are 2 m and 2.14 m respectively, find the total distance through.
which the block moves before it comes to rest completely.
(Take g ~ 10 m/s2). (lIT 1983)
,.
under centripetal force - ~ ' where h is a constant. What is the
total energy of the particle?
(lIT 1977)
~_._:-_-------~-----
Two springs have their force constants as hI and h. (hi> h.). In
which spring is more work done:
(i) when their lengths are increased by the same amount
(ii) when they are stretched by the same force. (lIT 1976)
1571 _
A nail is located at a certain distance vertically below the point of
suspension of a simple 'pendulum. The pendulum bob is released
.from a position where the string makes an angle of 60. with
the vertical. Calculate the distance of the nail from the point of
suspension such that the bob will just perform revolutions
with the nail as centre. Assume the length of the pendulum to be
1 metre. (lIT 1975)
1581 _
A man weighing 60 kg climbs up a staircase carrying a 20 kg load
on his head. The stair case has 20 steps and each step has a height
20 em. If he takes 10 .seconds to climb, calculate the power.
(g =.9.8 mls') (lIT 1974)
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 199
1591 _
~-------------
The pulley system shown in the figure is used to
lift a weight W with uniform velocity by applying
a force F at the free end of the string.
F
(i) When the free end of the string is pulled
through a distance x by what distance does
Wmoveup?
(ii) What is corresponding change in the energy
ofW?
(iii) What is the magnitude of F and the work done by it?
(iv) What is mechanical advantage of the system?
(Neglect the friction and the mass of the pulley and strings).
(lIT 1973)
~~-------~
lliJ _
']\vo masses ml and m2 connected by a light spring of natu ral length
10 is compressed completely and tied by a string. This system while
moving with a velocity Vo along + ve x-axis pass through the origin
at t = O. At this position the string snaps. Position of mass m, at
time t is given by the equation
XI (t) = Vo t - A (1- cos", t)
Calculate ;
(a) position of the particle m2 as a function of time.
(b) 10 in terms of A. (lIT 2003)
[ill -------------------------
A particle of mass m, moving in a circular path of radius R with a
constant speed v2 is located at point (2R, 0) at time t = 0 and a man
200 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
~
....
~-------------
A car P is moving with a
unifordm speed of 5J3 3mls .rL_: r
towar s a camage 0 mass f p Ij
[E]-------------
Two blocks of mass 2 kg
and M are at rest on an
inclined plane and are
separated by a distance
of 6.0 m as shown. The
coefficient of friction
between each of the
blocks and the inclined
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 201
[MJ~ir~~~~~~~~~~~~
A cart is moving along + x direction with a velocity of 4 mls. A
person on the cart throws a stone with a velocity of 6 mls relative
to himself. In the frame of reference of the cart the stone is thrown
in y-z plane making an angle of 30° with vertical z-axis. At the
highest point of its trajectory, the stone hits an object of equal
mass hung vertically from branch of a tree by means of a string of
length L. A completely inelastic collision occurs, in which the stone
gets embedded in the object. Determine:
(i) the speed of the combined mass immediately after the collision
with respect to an observer on the ground.
(ii) the length L of the string such that the tension in the
string becomes zero when the string becomes horizontal
during the subsequent motion of the combined mass ..
(lIT 1997, July)
~~.,
.~~~-----~~---
A small sphere of radius R is held y
against the inner surface of a
larger sphere ofradius 6R.(Fig.).
The masses of large and small
sphres are 4M and M, respectively. 0 x
This arrangement is placed on a Origin R
12Q]--------------~
A block 'A' of mass 2 m
is placed on another ;. A 2m
block 'B' of mass 4 m
which in turn is placed III
on a fixed table. The ~v 2<1
two blocks have a same y--~
length 4d and they are __ .i..-~I.==:::;::=~.I-t.---
placed as shown in the 4,1
figure. The coefficient offriction (both static and kinetic) between
the block 'E' and table is fl. There is no friction between the two
blocks. A small object of mass m moving horizontally along a line
passing through the centre of mass (em) of the block Band
perpendicular to its face with a speed u collides elastically with
the block B at a height d above the table.
(a) What is the minimum value of u (call it volrequired to make
the block A topple? .
(b) Ifu = 2 vO' find the distance (from the point P in the figure) at
which the mass m falls on the table after collision.
(Ignore the role offriction during the collision.] (llT 1991)
@J -' -'......:-__ -'-- __
An object of mass 5 kg is projected with a velocity of 20'mls at an
angle of 60° to the horizontal. At the highest point ofits path the
I!rojectile explodes and breaks up into two fragments of masses 1
kg and 4 kg. The fragments separate horizontal1y after the
explosion. The explosion releases internal energy. such that the
kinetic energy of the system at the highest point is doubled.
Calculate the separation between the two fragments when they
reach the ground. (lIT 1990)
1121 ~_~_--'-'-_'__ _
A bul1et of mass M is fired with a velocity 50 m/s at an angle with
the horizontal. At the highest point ofits trajectory, it collideshead-
on with a bob ofmass 3 M suspended by a massless string oflength
10/3 metres and gets embedded in the bob. After the collision, the
string moves through an angle of 120°. Find:
(i) the angle e ;
(ii) the vertical and horizontal coordinates of the initial position
of the bob with respect to the point of firing ofthe bullet.
(Take g = 10 mls"). (lIT 1988)
204 '. PRACTICE PROBLEMS
,.,
L!~~
a horizontal frictionless surface. A ill
uniform cylinder of radius rand
M
mass til is released from rest at the B
top point A'(see figure). The
cylinder slips on'the semicircular
frictionless track ..How far has the
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 205
vertical ?
(ii) Will it complete a vertical circle? (g = 9.8 mls2) (lIT 1976)
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 207
1851-
A cricket ball of mass 150 grams is moving with a velocity of
12 mls and is hitted by a bat so that the ball is turned back with a
velocity of 20 mls. The force of the blow acts on the ball for
0.01 seconds. Find the average force exerted on the ball by the
bat. (liT 1974)
,1mmimI~ _
1891_: ~ ~
Three particles A, B and C each of mass
m, are connected to each other by three
massless rigid rods to form a rigid,
equilateral triangular body of side I.
This body is placed on a horizontal
frictionless table (xcY plane) and is
hinged to it at the point A so that it
can move without friction about the .E.
vertical axis through A (see figure). B c
The body is set into rotational motion
on the table about A with a constant angular velocity OJ.
reaction due to the hinges onthe laminar sheet is zero during the
impact. Initially theJaminar sheet hits one oUhe.obstacle with an
angularvelocity.1 rad/s and turns back. If the impulse ofthe sheet
due to each obstacle is 6 N-s, "
(a) find the location of the centre of mass of theJaminar sheet
fromAB.
(b) at what angular velocity does the laminar sheet come back
after the first impact?
(c) after how many impacts, does the laminar sheets cometo rest?
. (lIT 2001)
(c) Find the linear speed ofthe point P at a time ( ;~) after the
collision. . (lIT 2000)
m,
F
". R
PQ that is at a distance 4" from A
the centre C ofthe disc. The line
AC is perpendicular to PQ.
Initially, the disc is held vertical
_____-1
Rl4
with the point A at its highest
position. It is then allowed to Q t
fall so that it starts rotating
aboutPQ. Find the linear speed
ofthe particle as it reaches its
lowest position. (lIT 1998)
eEl -------------------------
A wedge of triangular cross section (AB = BC = CA = 2R) is moving
with a constant velocity - vi towards a sphere of radius R fIxed
on a smooth horizontal table as shown in the fIgure. The wedge
makes an elastic collision with the fIxed sphere and returns along
the same path without any
rotation. Neglect all friction z
and suppose that the wedge
remains in contact with the
sphere for a very short time
tit during which the sphere x.
exerts a constant force F on
the wedge;
~ ~
(a) Find the force F and also the normal force N exerted by the
table on the wedge during the time tot.
(b) Let h denote the perpendicular distance between the centre
~
.of mass of the wedge and the line of action of F . Find tha
~
magnitude of the torque due to the normal force N about the
centre of the wedge, during the interval tot. (lIT 1998)
ill]
. Two thin circular. disks of mass 2 kg and
raidus 10 cm each are joined by a rigid
massless rod of length 20 cm. The axis
of the rod is along the perpendicular to
the planes ofthe disk through their centres <.- - --->
20 em
PRACTICEPROBLEMS 211
(see fig.). This object is kept on a truck in such a way that the axis
of the object is horizontal and perpendicular to the direction ofthe
motion of the truck.
Its friction with the floor of the truck is large enough so that the
object can roll on the truck without slipping. Take x axis as the
direction ofmotion ofthe truck and z axis as the vertically upwards
direction. If the truck has an acceleration of9 mls2, calculate
(i) the force offriction on each disk.
(ii) the magnitude and the direction oftlle frictional torque acting
on each disk about the centre of mass 0 of the object.
Express the torque in the vector form in terms ofunit vectors
in the i,J and k in the x, )' and z directions.
(liT 1997, July)
~---------------
A uniform disc ofmass m
and radius R is projected
horizontally with
velocity Vo on a rough
horizontal floor sothat it 1.=0 I.=t,
starts off with a purely sliding motion at t ~ O.After to seconds, it
acquires a purely rolling motion as shown in the figure.
(i) Calculate the velocity of the centre of mass of the disc at tao
(ii) Assuming the coefficient of friction to be fl, calculate to. Also
calculate the work done by the frictional force as a function of
time and the total work done by it over a time t much longer
than to' (liT 1997, May)
~---------------
A rectangular rigid fixed block has a
long horizontal edge. A solid
homogeneous cylinder of radius R is
placed horizontally at rest with its
length parallel to the edge such that
the axis of the cylinder and the edge of
the block are in the same vertical plane
as shown in the figure. There is
sufficient friction present at the edge
so that a very small displacement
causes the cylinder to roll off the edge
without slipping. Determine:
212 PRACTICEPROBLEMS
(a) the angle eo through which the cylinder rotates before it leaves
. contact with the edge.
(b) speed of~e centre of mass of the cylinder before leaving
contact with the edge, and
(e) ratio ofthe translational to rotational kinetic energies of the
cylinder when its centre of mass is in horizontal line with the
edge. (ITT 1995)
~Hn>.
A block X of mass 0.5 kg is held by
a long massless string on a
frictionless inclined plane of y
inclination 30° to the horizontal.
The string is wound on a uniform
solid cylindrical drum Y of mass 2
kg and of radius 0.2 m as shown in
the figure. The drum is given an
initial angular velocity such that
the block X starts moving up the
plane.
(i) Find the tension in the string during the motion.
(ii) At a certain instant of time, the magnitude of the angular
velocity of Y is 10 rad s- '. Calculate the distance travelled
by X from that instant of time until it comes to rest.
(lIT 1994)
A homogeneous rod AB of
length L = L8 m and mass
M is pivoted at the centre 0
in such a way that it can
rotate freely in the vertical
plane (see figure), The rod
is initially in the horizontal
position, An insect S of the
same mass M falls vertically with speed V on the point C, midway
between the points 0 and R Immediately after falling, the insect
moves towards the end B such that the rod rotates' with a constant
angular velocity 0),
(a) Determine the angular velocity 0) in terms of V and L,
(b) If the insect reaches the end B when the rod has turned
through an angle of 90°, determine V. (IIT 1992)
I~Q~I)
A thin uniform bar lies on a
frictionless horizontal surface and
10 ntIs ". A
is free to move in any way on the ~---~-----------
surface. Its mass is 0,16 kg and
length metres. Two particles, each
of mass 0,08 kg, are moving on the ~-----------B
same surface and towards the, ~ar 6m1;-;
in a direction perpendicular to the
bar, one with a velocity of 10 mls
and the other with 6 mis, as shown
in the figure, The first particle strikes the bar at point A and the
other at point B, Points A and B are at a distance of 0,5 m from the
centre of ,he bar, The particles strike the bar at the same instant
oftime and stick to the bar on collision: Calculate the loss of kinetic
energy of the system in the above collision process. (IIT 1989)
214 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
11031
------------------------
A small sphere rolls down without
slipping from the top of a track in T
a vertical plane. The track has an
elevated section and a horizontal .; A
part. The horizontal part is 1.0 ~; 1.0111
metre above the ground level and ~ +
the top of the track is 2.4 metres !J
above the ground. Find the distance on the ground with respect to
the point B (which is vertically below the end ofthe track as shown
in the figure) where the sphere lands. During its flight as a
projectile, does the sphere continue to rotate about its centre of
mass? Explain. (liT 1987)
11041
11071 _
~ --------------------
11091 _
R
There is a crater of depth 100 on the surface of the moon (radius
R). A projectile is fired vertically upward from the crater with a
velocity, which is equal to the escape velocity v from the surface of
the moon. Find the maximum height attained by the projectile.
(lIT 2003)
IllOI _
Distance between the centres of two stars is lOa. The masses of
these stars are M and 16 M and their radii a and 2a, respectively.
A body of mass m is fired straight from the surface of the larger
star towards the smaller star. What should be its minimum initial
speed to reach the surface of the smaller star? Obtain the
expression 'n terms of GM and a. (lIT 1996)
11111 _
The mass and diameter of a planet are twice those of earth, What
will be the period of oscillation of a pendulum on this planet ifit is
a seconds pendulum ofthe earth?
(lIT 1973)
PRACTICE PROBLEMS • 217
11161
~-------------
_
~:'U???'I
I)~plun> .
A uniform solid cylinder of density
0,8 g/cm3 floats in equilibrium in a
combination of two non mixing
liquids A and B with its axis
vertical. The densities of the A
liquids A and Bare 0,7 g/cm3 and
1.2 g/cm3, respectively, The height
ofliquid A is hA = 1.2 cm the length B
of the part of the cylinder
immersed in liquid B is hB = 0,8
cm.
(a) Find the total force exerted by liquid A on the cylinder.
(b) Find h, the length of the part of the cylinder in air.
(c) The cylinder is depressed in such a way that its top surface is
just below the upper sm-face of liquid A and is then released.
Find the acceleration of the cylinder immediately after it is
released." (lIT 2002)
Ijg~I:::':::i'H,:::,
A wooden stick of length L, radius R and density p has a small
metal piece of mass ill (of negligible volume) attached to its one
end. Find the minimum value for the mass m (in terms of given
parameters) that would make the stick float vertically in
equilibrium in a liquid of density a (> p), (lIT 1999)
Ij~I'>'
A,ball of density d is dropped on to a horizontal solid surface. It
bounces elastically from the surface and returns to its original
position in a time't1. Next, the ball is released and it falls through
the same height before striking the surface ofa liquid of density dL.
(a) If d < du obtain an expression (in terms of d, t" and dL) for
the time 1, the ball takes to come back to the position from
which it was 'released.
(b) Is the motion of the ball simple harmonic?
(c) If d = dL,how does the speed of the ball depend on its depth
" inside the liquid? Negleot all frictional and other dissipative
. forces. Assume the depth of the liquid to be large.
(lIT 1992)
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 219
11231 _
112Sli
-----------------------~
Apiece ofcork is embeded inside an ice block which floats in water.
What will happen to the level of water when all the ice melts?
(lIT 1976)
1291
1
------------------------
A rod of length 6 metres has a mass of 12 kg. It is hinged at one
end at a distance of 3 metres below a water surface.
(i) What weight must be attached to the other end ofthe rod so
that 5 metres of the rod are submerged?
(ii) Find the magnitude and direction of the force exerted by the
hinge on the rod. .
(specific gravity ofthe material of the rod is 0.5)
(lIT 1976)
A large block ofice 5 metre thick has a vertical hole drilled through
and is floating in the middle oflake. What is the minimum length
of a rope required to scoop up a bucket full of water through the
hole? (density of ice = 0.9 gm/c.c.)- (lIT 1975)
11341 _
~~--------
11371, _
Consider a horizontally oriented syringe containing water located
at a height ofl.25 m above the ground. The diameter ofthe plunger
is 8 mm and the diameter of the nozzle is 2 mm. The plunger is
pushed with a constant speed of 0.25 m/s. !"ind the horizontal range
of water stream on the ground. Take g = 10 mls2• (lIT 2004)
11381 _
HI2
I
~
•
oOdOO
-----
0
-------------
0
2d------
0
-------~-~--~--~-
------
shown in the figure. The lower
density liquid is open to the
atmosphere having pressure Po'
(a) A homogeneous solid cylinder of length L (L < H/2), cross-
A
section area '5 is immersed such that it floats with its axis
~----------
11431 _
(lIT 2004)
224 , PRACTICE PROBLEMS
II~I
II,'.>'
A bubble haviug surface tension T and
radius R is formed on a ring of radius
b (b« R).Air is blown inside the tube
with velocity v as shown in the figure. C--+
" V~:
The air molecule collides. --'-+ ....
perpendicularly with the wall of the
bubble and stops. Calculate the radius
at which the bubble separates from
the ring. (lIT 2003)
mm~~~~~~~~==~L
I,N-til,,"::",,",'"
==============
A solid sphere of radius R is floating in a liquid of density p with
half ofits volume submerged. Ifthe sphere is slightly pushed and
released, it starts performing simple harmonic motion. Find the
frequency ofthese oscillations. . (lIT 2004)
11511
------------------------
A particle of mass 10 gm is describing a simple harmonic motion
along a straight line with a period of 2 seconds and amplit\lde of
10 em. What is the kinetic energy when it is
(i) 2 em from equilibrium position?
(ii) 5 em from equilibrium position?
How would you account for the difference between these two values?
(lIT 1972)
ISmD I
11521 _
It~I)'
The first overtone of an open organ pipe beats with the first
overtone of a closed organ pipe with a beat frequency of 2.2 Hz.
The fundamental frequency of the closed organ pipe is 110 Hz.
Find the lengths of the pipes. (IIT 1997, May)
11~~1> .
A metallic rod of length 1 m is rigidly clamped at its mid-point.
Longitudinal stationary waves are set up in the rod in such a way
that there are two nodes on either side of the mid-point. The
amplitude of an antinode is 2 x 10-6 m. Write the equation of motion
at a point 2 cm from the mid-point and those of the constituent
waves in the rod. (Young's modulus = 2 x 1011Nm- 2, density =
8000 kg m- 3) (IIT 1994)
I~~l(>
Tworadio stations broadcast their programs at the same amplitude
A, and at slightly different frequencies 00, and 002 respectively.
002 - 00, = 103 Hz. A detector receives the signals from the two
stations simultaneously. It can only detect signals of intensity"
2A2.
(i) Filld the time interval between successive maxima of the
intensity of the signal received by the detector.
(ii) Find the time for which the detector remains idle in each cycle
of the intensity of the signal. (IIT 1993)
I~~tl> .
The displacement of the medium ,n a sound wave is given by the
equation
y, = A cos (ax + btl where A, a and b are'positive constants.
The wave is reflected by an obstacle situated" at x = O.The intensity
dfthe reflected wave is 0.64 time that of the incident wave.
(a) What are the wavelength and frequency of incident wave?
(b) Write the equation for the reflected wave.
PRACTICE PROBlEr.IS 229
o
The vibrations of a string of length 60 cm fixed at both ends are
represented by the equation:
y= 4sin(~:)cOS(96"t)
11711 _
1\\'0 wire of radii I' and 21' respectively are welded together'end to
end. The combination is used as a sonometer wire and is kept under
tension T. The welded point is midway between the two bridges.
What would be the ratio ofthe number ofloops formed in the wires
such th:~tthe joint is a node when stationary vibrations are set up
in the wires? (lIT 1976)
11741 ~ ~
A tuning fork having a frequency of 340 vibrations/sec is vibrated
just above a cylindrical tube. The height of the tube is' 120 cr.l.
232 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
11761
A tuning fork of unknown frequency when sounded with another
offrequency 256 Hz gives a 4 beats and when loaded with a certain
amount ofwax, it is again fdund to give 4 beats. Find the unknown
frequency. (liT 1974)
11781
A pipe oflength 1.4 m closed at one end is filled with a gas and it
resonates in its fundamental tone with a tuning fork. Another pipe
of the same length but open at both ends is filled with air and is
resonates in its fundamental tone with the same tuning fork.
Calculate the velocity of sound at 0° C in the gas, given that the
velocity of sound in air is 360 mls at 30°C where the experiment is
performed. (liT 1974)
11791
A sonometer wire fixed at one end has a solid mass M hanging
from its other end to produce tension in it. It is found that 70 cm
length ofthe wire produces a certain fundamental frequency when
plucked. When the same mass M is hanging in water, completely
submerged in it, itis found that the length ofwire has to be changed
PRACTICE PROBLEMS • 233
~~----------------
11801 _
li831
------------------------
e
Asource of sound is moving along
a circular orbit ofradius 3 metres
with an angular velocity of 10
rad/s. A sound detector loca~d I_ Gm _I' Gm '1
far away from the source IS ~ ........•• ••
executing linear simpleharmonic '0" ABC J)
motion along the line BD with an .
amplitude BC = CD = 6 metres.
The frequency ofoscillation ofthe
5
detector is -n per second. The source is at the point A when the
detector is at the point B. If the source emits a continuous sound
wave offrequency 340 Hz, find the maximum and the minimum
frequencies recorded by the detector. (I1T 1990)
11841
A train approaching a hill at a speed of 40 km/hr sounds a whistle
offrequency 580 Hz when it is at a distance of 1 km from a hill. A
wind with a speed of40 km/hr is blowiIl':.in the direction ofmotion
of the train. Find
(i) the frequency of the whistle as heard by an observer on the
hill, and
(ii) the distance from the hill at which the echo from the hill is
heard by the driver and its frequency.
(Velocityof sound in air = 1,200 km/hr). (I1T 1988)
~'---------
11871_,. _
A cube of coefficient of linear expansion "'. is floating in a bath
containing a liquid ofcoefficient of volume expansion 1/.When the
temperature is raised by "'T, the depth upto which the cube is
submerged in the liquid remains the same. Find the relation
between "'. and 1" showing all the steps. (lIT 2004)
11881_' '_' _
The apparatus shown in
the figure consists of four
glass columns connected
by horizontal sections. The A B C o
height of two central 95' 5' 95~ s'
columns Band C are 49 em
each. The two outer -
columns A and D are open
to the atmosphere. A and Care maintaned at a temperature of
95°C while the column Band D are maintained at 5°C. The height
of the liquid in A and D measured from the base line are 52.8 cm
and 51 cm respectively. Determine the coefficient of thermal
expansion of the liquid. (lIT 1997,July)
11891 ~ __
A thin rod of negligible mass and area of cross-section 4 x 10-6 m2,
suspended vertically from one end, has a length of 0.5 m at 100°C.
The rod is cooled to O°C, but prevented from contracting by
attaching a mass at the lower end. Find
(i) this mass, and
(ii) the energy stored in the rod.
Given for the rod: Young's modulus = 10" N/m2, Coefficient of
linear expansion 10-5 K-l and g = 10 mls2. (lIT 1997, May)
11901 _
191
A copper wire is held at two ends by rigid supports. At 30°C, the
wire is just taut, with negligible tension. Find the speed of
transverse waves in this wire at 10°C.
(For copper: a = 1.7 x 1O-5rC, Y = 1.3 x 1011N/m2, density = 9 x
10-'kgm3) (liT 1979)
11921 ""m_mo... • ••• O.
Y.
,
~-------------
A metallic bob weighs 50 grams in air. It is immersed in a liquid at
a temperature of25°C it weighs 45 grams. When the temperature
ofthe liquid is raised to 100°C,it weighs 45.1 grams. Calculate the
coefficient of cubical expansion of the liquid. Assuming the
coefficient ofJinear expansion of the metal to be 12 x lO-G/oC.
(lIT 1973)
12011__ ~ '__ _
2
A steel wire of cross-sectional area 0.5 mm is held between two
fixed supports. If the tension in this wire is negligible and itisjust
taut at a temperature of 20°C, determine the tension when the
238 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
12071 _
A mixture of 250 gm of water and 200 gm of ice at O°Cis kept in a
calorimeter which has a water equivalent of 50 gm, If 200 gm of
stream at 100°Cis passed through this mixture, calculate the final
temperature and weight of the contents of the calorimeter.
(lIT 1974)
!2081 _
A lead bullet strikes against a steel armour plate with a velocity of
300 mls. If the bullet falls dead after the impact, find the rise in
temperature of the bullet assuming that the heat produced is
shared equally between the bullet and the target. (Specificheat of
lead = 0.03 cal/gm_DC). (lIT 1974)
12091 _
An aluminium container ofmass 100 grams contains 200 grams of
ice at - 20°C. Heat is added to the system at the rate of 100calories
per second. What is the temperature ofthe system after 4 minutes.
Draw a rough sketch showing the variation of the temperature of
the system as a function of time ?
(Specific heat of ice =0.5 cal/gm_OC,
Specific heat of aluminium =0.2 cal/gm_OC,
Latent heat of fusion of ice =80 cal/gm) (lIT 1973)
12101 -_-_-_..-_-_-._'_-. _
In an industrial process 10 kg of water per hour is to be heated
from 20°C to BO°C.To do this, steam at 150°C is passed from a
boiler into a copper coil immersed in water. The steam condenses
in the coil and is returned to the boiler as water at 90°C. How
many kg of steam are required per hour? (lIT 1972)
(Specific heat of steam = 1 cal/gm,
Latent heat of steam = 540 cal/gm)
~~------
12111 T' ' - ".':
1~~~I...H> .
A solid body X of heat capacity C is kept in an atmosphere whose
temperature is TA = 300 K At time t = 0 the temperature of X is To
= 400 K It cools according to Newton's law of cooling. At time tl'
its temperature is found to be 350 K
At this time (tl), the body X is connected to a large box Y at
atmospheric temperature TA, through a conducting rod oflength L,
cross-sectional area A and thermal conductivity K. The cross
sectional area A of the connecting rod is small compared to the
surface area of X. The heat capacity of Y is so large that any
variation in its temperature may be neglected. Find the
temperature of X at time t = 3tl" (lIT 1998)
~ ;.;.,.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:-:.:.;.;.;.:.:.:.:.:-:.:.;.:.:.:-:.:.:.:.:.:.:.;.; .
~H>.
,
12151 _
Two rods A and B are of equal length. Each rod has its ends at
temperature T, and T2' What is the condition that will ensure equal
rates offlow of heat through the rods A and B. (lIT 1976)
12211'- .. .
........
0 ••••••••••
~---------~
12241--' .....
A cubical box of side 1 meter contains helium gas (atomic weight
4) ata pressure of 100N/m2• During an obserVationtime of! second,
an atom travel1ing with the root-mean-square speed parallel to
one of the edges of the cube, was found to make 500 hits with a
particular wall, without any collision with other atoms. Take
25
R; 3" J/mol-K and k; 1.38 x 10-23 JIK
. (a)Evaluate the temperature of the gas.
(b) Evaluate the average kinetic energy per atom.
(e) Evaluate the total mass of helium gas in the box. (lIT 2002)
12251_' ----------------
A closed container of volume 0.02 m' contains a mixture of neon
and argon gases, at a temperature of27°C and pressure of 1 x lOS
Nm-2. The total mass ofthe mixture is28 gm. If the gram molecular
weights of neon and argon are 20 and 40 respectively, find the
masses ofthe individual gases in the container, assuming them to
be ideal. (Universal gas constant ~ 8.314 J/mol. K) (lIT 1994)
12261_-_. _
A thin tube of uniform cross-section is sealed at both ends. It lies
horizontally, the middle 5 em containing mercury and the two equal
ends containing air at the same pressure P. When the tube is held
at an angle of 600 with the vertical direction, the length of the air
column above and below the mercury column are 46 em and 44.5
em respectively. Calculate the pressure Pin centimetres of mercury.
(The temperature of the system is kept at 30°C). (lIT 1986)
244 PRACTICE PROBLEr~S
VI ••••••• :A
T, T, T
~ r- --- ---- .__. --_.... --'_.._. j
Ajar contains a gas and a few drops of water at TOK The pressure
in the jar is 830 mm ofHg. The temperatue of the jar is reduced by
1%. The saturated vapour pressures of water at the two
temperatures are 30 and 25 mm ofHg. Calculate the new pressure
in the jar.' (lIT 1980)
r;;;w
~
r------=-,..,..~ ._-_._--~-
.. .' '. ..'
'>r- ----
,j
Calculate the mass of 1 litre of moist air at 27°C when the barometer
reads 753.6 mm ofHg and the dew point is 16.1°C.
(Saturation vapour pressure of water at 16.1°C is equal to 13.6
mm ofHg, density of air atNTP is equal to 0.001293 glee, density
of saturated water vapour at NTP is equal to 0.000808 glee).
(lIT 1977)
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 2450
12321'_ ---------------
A glass capillary tube, sealed at both ends is 100 cm long, It lies
horizontally with the middle 10 cm containing m~rcury, The two
ends of the tube (which are equal in length) contain air at 27°C
and at a pressure 76 cm ofmercury. The tube is kept in a horizontal
position such that the air column at one end is at O°Cand the
other end is maintained at 127°C. Calculate the length ofthe air
column which is at O°Cand its pressure. Neglect the change in
volume of mercury and glass. (lIT 1975)
12331 _
An electric bulb ofvolume 250 ccwas sealed offduring manufacture
at pressure oflO-' mm ofHg at 27°C. Compute the number of air
molecules contained in the bulb. (lIT 1974)
12341 _
At the top of a mountain a thermometer reads 7°C and a barometer
reads 70 cm ofHg. At the bottom of the mountain they read 27°C
and 76 cm ofHg. Compare the density of air at the top with that at
the bottom. (lIT 1974)
12351 _
An ideal gas is trapped between a mercury column and the closed
lower end of a narrow 'lertical tube of uniform bore. The upper
end ofthe tube is open to the atmosphere (atmospheric pressure =
76 cm of mercury). The lengths of mercury and the trapped gas
columns are 20 cm and 43 cm respectively. What will be the length
of the gas column when the tube is tilted slowly in a ~ertical plan"-
through an angle of 60°. Assume the temperature to be constant.
(lIT 1972)
~i.~M~aiI _
12361 _
12371 _
An insulated container containing monoatomic gas of molar mass
m is moving with a velocity vo' If the container is suddenly stopped,
find the change in temperature. (lIT 2003)
12381 _
A monatomic ideal gas of two moles is
taken through a cyclicprocess starting
from A as shown in the figure. The
A
(~:) =2and (~:)=4. 0 T T_ Tn
ZV, v
AB.
(c) the net heat absorbed by the gas in the path BC.
(d) the maximum temperature attained by the gas during the cycle.
(lIT 1998)
I:M~I~.,'.""~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
One mole of a diatomic ideal gas (y = 1.4) is taken through a cyclic
process starting from point A. The process A -+ B is an adiabatic
compression, B -+ C is isobaric expansion, C -+ D an adiabatic
V
expansion and D -+ A is isochoric, The volume ratios are VA = 16
. B
.tempe:ature ofthe gas at the points Band D and find the efficiency
of the cycle. (lIT 1997, July)
I:M~I
",,'
A --"'---"'---"'--=--"'--=-=--"'---"'--=-=-=-=~
sample of 2 kg of monatomic P .
Helium (assumed ideal) is taken
through the process ABC and
another sample of 2 kg of the
(l0' N/m')
10 BOC
same gas is taken through the 5. Ai Jl
process ADC (see figure). Given
molecular mass of Helium = 4. L~1';"0-~2i",O---V (m.')
One mole of a monatomic ideal gas is taken through the cycle shown
DucB
in the figure, y
A ----> B : adiabatic expansion : A •
B ----> C : cooling at constant volume ~
C ----> D, adiabatic compression
D ----> A, heating at constant volume
I X
o V._----'JI>
(b) Calculate the net work done by the gas, and net heat aupplied
to the gas during the complete process. (lIT 1991)
12501 _
An ideal gas having initial pressure P, volume V and temperature
Tis aJlowedto expand adiabaticaJly until its volume becomes 5.66
T
V while its temperature faJls to 2"
(i). How many degrees offreedom do the gas molecules have?
(ii) Obtain the work done by the gas during the expansion as a
function of the initial pressure P and volume V. (lIT 1990)
12511 _
Open at.mosphere
Healer 1 t:i-ft1~m_~g..
~ ....-Rigid
-r sUPllort
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 251
supplied (in joules) by the heater. The force constant of the spring
is 8000 N/m, atmospheric pressure is 1.0 x 105 Nm-2. The cylinder
and the piston are thermally insulated. The piston is massless and
there is no friction between the piston and the cylinder. Neglect
heat loss through the lead wires ofthe heater. The heat capacity of
the heater coil is negligible. Assume the spring to be massless.
(lIT 1989)
12531 _
~gvJt;]:E@=EI]
(y =~I at a pressure Po, volume
~o a;J temperature To' The chamber on the left is slowly heated
-~
by an electric heater. The walls of the box and the partition are
thermally insulated. Heat loss through the lead wires of the heater
is negligible. The gas in the left chamber expands pushing the
... until the final pressure In
partition . both chambers becomes 32 .
Determine
(i) the final temperature of the gas # each chamber
(ii) the work done by the gas in the right chamber. (lIT 1984)
12551'_ -----'----
One gram mole of oxygen at 27°C and one atmospheric pressure is
enclosed in a vessel.
(i) Assuming the molecules to be moving with V""8' find the
number of collisions per second which the molecules make
with one square metre area of the vessel wall.
252 . • PRACTICE PROBLEMS
~--------~
1 1- .~- .--
258
Two infinitely large sheets h3.ving charge densities ", and "2
respectively (" > "2) are placed near each other separated by
distance 'd'. A charge 'Q' i,; placed ill between two'plates such that
there is no effect on charge distribution on plates. Now this charge
is moved at an angle of 45 with the homontal towards plate having
0
charge density "2 by distance 'a' (a < d). Find the work done by
electric field in the process. (lIT 2004)
1 1i' .... ......• - .. ~ .... __ •. u •• --- •.••••• _ •••••••• ; •••. "." •••••• ,
259
A positive POillt charge q is fixed at origin. A dipole with a dipole
~ \'
moment p is placed along the x-axis far away from the origin
12601 _
+g
-q ,,
,,
+g'
-q __- - - - - - -.t ...
" -g
+9
1
2611 _
points - J¥ m, - J% m, J% m and J¥
+ + m respectively on
the y-axis. A particle of mass 6 x 10-. kg and of charge + 0.1 j.lC
moves along the - x direction. Its speed at x = + co is va.
Find the least value ofvofor which the particle will cross the origin.
Find also the kinetic energy of the particle at the origin.
1
Assume that space is gravity free. Given 4" "0 = 9 x 109 Nm'/C'.
. (liT 2000)
[263] _
A non-conducting disc of radius a and uniform positive surface
charge density cris placed on the ground, with its axis vertical. A
particle of mass m and positive charge q is dropped, along the axis
of the disc, from a height H with zero initial velocity. The particle
hasqlm = 4£og .
cr
(a) Find the value ofH ifthe particle just reaches the disc.
(b) Sketch the potential energy ofthe particle as a function of its
height and find its equilibrium position. (lIT 1999)
254 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
12641 _
272
1 1_' ---------~-----~--
Three point charges q, 2q and 8q are to be placed on a 9 em long
straight line. Find the positions where the charges should be placed
such that the potential energy of this system is minimum. In this
situation, what is the electric field at the position of the charge q
due to the other two charges? (lIT 1987)
12731~ _
1\vofixed, equal, positive charges, each of
A +<J
magnitude 5 x 10- 5 coul. are located at
points A and B separated by a distance of o
6 m. An equal and opposite charge moves D c
towards them along the line COD, the
perpendicular bisector of the line AB. The B +<J
moving charge, when 'it reaches the point C at a distance of 4 m
from 0, has a kinetic energy of 4 joules. Calculate the distance of
the farthest point D which the negative charge will reach before
returning towards C. (lIT 1985)
... ~ ,- r- - - - ,~_ ..• ,.
12761
A rigid insulated wire frame, in the
form of right triangle ABC is set in a
vertical plane. Two beads of
equal masses m each carrying charges
q I and q. are connected by a chord of
h •
A
•
length I and can slide without friction B ~c
on the wires. Considering the case
when the beads are stationary,
determine:
(i) the angle n,
(i,i) the tension in the chord, and
(iii) the normal reactions on the beads.
If the chord is now cut, what are the values ofthe charges for
which the beads continue to remain stationary? (lIT 1978)
12771 _
Three charges each of value q, are placed at the corners of an
equilateral triangle. A fourth charge Q is placed at the centre of
the triangle
(i) If Q ~ - q, will the charges at the corners move towards centre
or flyaway from it.
(ii) For what value of Q will the charges remain stationary? In
this situation how much work is done in removing the charges to
infinity? (liT 1978)
12781 _
A simple pendulum consists ofa small sphere ofmass m suspended
by a thread oflength I. The sphere carries a positive charge q. The
pendulum is placed in an uniform electric field of strength E
directed vertically upwards. With what periods will the pendulum
oscillate if the electrostatic force acting on the sphere is less than
the gravitational force? (Assume that the oscillations are small).
(liT 1977)
12791 -'--_
Four charges +q, +q, -q, -q are placed respectively at the corners
A, B, C and D of a square with side a arranged in the given order.
Calculate the electric potential and intensity at 0, the centre of
the square. If E and F are the mid points of the sides BC and CD,
258 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
12851 _
12901 _
'l\vo point charges of value - 20 eSll and + 20 esu are placed on the
x-axis at x = - 10 cm and x = + 10 cm respectively. Calculate.
(i) potential, and
(ii) electric field at the point P (x = O,y'= 10 cm) and Q (x = 20 cm,
)' = 0).
(iii) Find the work done in carrying a unit positive charge from P
to Q along a straight line.
(iv) Is there any path along which the work done is less than the
above value? (3 x 109 esu = 1 coulomb) (lIT 1974)
260 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
12911 ~ _
A positively charged oil droplet remains stationary in the electric
field between two horizontal parallel plates separated by a distance
ofl em. If the charge on the.drop is 96 x 10-10 esu and the mass of
the droplet is 10- 11 gm, what is the potential difference between
the plates?
Now if the polarity of the plates is reversed, what is the
instantaneous acceleration of the droplet?
(3 x 109 esu = 1 coulomb, g = 9.8 mJs2) (lIT 1974)
12921 _
Two copper spheres of the same radii, one hollow and the other
solid are charged to the same potential. Which, if any, of the two
will hold more charge? (lIT 1974)
12931 _
An infinite number of charges each equal to q are placed along the
x-axis at x:::: a, x:::: 2a x:::: 4a, x:::: 8a, ... and s,oon.
l
(i) Find the potential and electric field at the point x = 0 due to
this set of charges.
(ii) What will be potential and electric field if, in the above set
up, the consecutive charges have opposite sign?
(lIT 1974)
12941 ~ _
A spherical liquid drop has a diameter 2 mm and is given a charge
of 5 x 10- 6 esu.
(i) What is the potential at the surface of the drop?
(ii) Iftwo such drops coalesce to form a single drop, what is the
potential at the surface of the drop so formed?
(3 x 109 esu = 1 coulomb) (lIT 1973)
12951 _
12961_ ~--------------
Twopoint charges, one of + 100 esu and other of- 400 esu are kept
30cm apart.
(a) Find the points ofzero potential on the line joining the charges.
(Assume the potential at infinity to be zero).
(b) Are there any other points of zero potential in the
neighbourhood of the charges.
(c) Find the points where the electric field due to these two
charges is zero. (lIT 1972)
12971 _
~~------
12981 _
Two capacitors A and B with capacities 3flf' and 2flf' are charged
to a potential difference of 100Vand 180Vrespectively. The plates
of the capacitors are connected as shown in the figure with one
wire from each capacitor free. The upper plate of A is
positive and that ofB is negative. An uncharged 211Fcapacitor C
with lead wires falls on the free ends to complete the circuit.
Calculate :
12991 _
~III
I T
=K, l' d
1
300
1 1_' ---------------
Two parallel plate capacitors A and B have tile same separation
d = 8.85 x 10-4 m between tile plates. The plate area ofA and Bare
0.04 m2 and 0.02 m2 respectively. A slab of dielectric constant
(relative permittivity) K = 9 has dimensions such tilat it can exactly
fill tile plates of capacitor B.
A 1 A
B
<aJ
T
(b) (e)
I*~tl»" '
The Fig. shows two identical
parallel plate capacitors connected
to a battery with the switch S
closed. The switch is now openerl
and the free space between the
plates of the capacitors is filled
with a dielectric of dielectric
constant (or relative permittivity) 3. Find the ratio of the total
electrostatic energy stored in both capacitors before and after the
introduction ofthe dielectric. (lIT 1983)
2~F 2~F
B
I~Q~I?U>
Two metal plates form a parallel plate condenser. The distance
d
between the plates is d. A metal sheet of thickness '2 and'of the
same area is inserted completely between the plates. What is the "
ratio of the capacitances in the two cases. (lIT 1976).""""
mmm:iiI"',':n:nu:nn,/ut
I~Q41>
The two batteries A ant: B.
~~l~;~1f~;~~:~i
~:~~~:~R:~
:~0::::~:
switch K is closed at t = O.
After long time it was K
~-- _
found that terminal potential difference across the battery A is
zero. Find the value of R. (lIT 2004)
264 PRACTICE PROBLEr,IS
B C
(a) Are there positive and negative on the
galvanometer?
(b) Copy the figure in your answer book and show the battery
and the galvanometer (with jockey) connected at appropriate
points.
(e) After appropriate connections are made, it is found that no
deflection takes place in the galvanometer when the sliding
jockey touches the wire at a distance of60 cm. from A Obtain
the value of the resistance X. (lIT 2002)
13061~. _
In the circuit shown in the figure,
the battery is an ideal one, with
r'
VI 5 I! n
1
r
emf V, the capacitor is initially R
uncharged. The switch S is closed
at time t = O. A y"nrc
R R
(a) Find the charge Q on the capacitor at time t.
(b) Find the current in AB at time t. What is its limiting value as
t -> «> ? (lIT 1998)
13071 _
j..
Find the emf (V) and internal
resistance (r) of a single battery "
which is equivalent to a parallel •
combination of two batteries of A
13081_.'. _
A leaky parallel plate capacitor is filled completely with a
material having dielectric constant K= 5 and electrical conductivity
Ij = 7.4 x 10-12 n- I m- I, If the charge on the plate at the instant
1000
loon
lOY
131011- U
' --~-,
-~ ....--- -_ .... ~ o~. ~ ----~-~
Two square metallic plates of 1 m side are kept 0.01 m apart, like
a parallel plate capacitor, in air in such Ii way that one of their
edges is perpendicular to an oil surface in a tank filled with an
insulating oiLThe plates are connected to a battery of emf 500 V.
The plates are then lowered vertically into the oil at a speed of
0.001 ms-I. Calculate the current drawn from the battery during
the process. (dielectric constant of oil = 11, "0 = 8.85 x 10- 12 C'
N-I m-") (lIT 1994)
13111,-;-_
In the given circuit,
EI = 3Eo =2E. =6volts.~ = 2R. = 60, Ra=2Ro= 4n, C= 5 ~
Find the current in Ra and the energy stored in the capacitor.
R. E, (lIT 1988)
c
•
66 '. '. PRACTICE PROBLEMS
1312! _
An infinite ladder network of resistances is constructed with 1
ohm' and 2 ohm resistance, as shown in the figure.
The 6 volt battery bet.ween A and B has negligible internal
resistance.
(~-----
BLUrtm_
(i) Show that the effective resistance between A and B is 2 ohm.
(ii) What is the current that passes through the 2 ohm resistance
nearest to the battery? (lIT 1987)
13131~. _
A part of circuit in a steady state along with the currents flowing
in the branches, the values ofresistances etc. is shown in the figure.
Calculate the energy stored in the capacitor C (4f!F). (liT 1986)
lA
3n
~ 3n 5n
2Alnp
C
411F' In
In
~
2Amp 2n 4n
3n
lAmp
1
314
1_, -------~-------
respectively.
Calculate:
and their internal
resistances are 2, 1, 3 and 1 ohm
F JH+
-
2n -
13151-::-:-~---:-_---:- ---:----=-
Calculate the steady state current in the 2-ohm resistor shown
in the circuit in the figure. The internal resistance of the battery
is negligible and the capacitance of the condenser C is
0.2 microfarad. 2n
an
I,e ..4n
I'
,
'-6\1 2.80
(lIT 1982)
13161 _
Two resistors, 400 ohms, and 800 ohms are connected in series
with a 6-volt battery. It is desired to measure the current in the
circuit. An ammeter of 10 ohms resistance is used for this purpose.
What will be the reading in the ammeter? Similarly, if a voltmeter
of 10,000 ohms resistance is used to measure the potential
difference across the 400 ohm resistor, what will be the reading in
the voltmeter.
(lIT 1982)
13171__ ~_~ ~ __ ~_
In the circuit s!'own in Fig. E, = 3 volts, E = 2 volts, E =
2 3 1 volt
and R = r 1 = r 2 = r 3 = 1 ohm.
"
A R
" .~
+ _
E,
B
" + -
E,
(i) Find the potential difference between the points A and Band
. the currents through each branch.
(ii) Ifr2 is short circuited and the point A is connected to point B,
find ilie currents through E" E2, E3 and the resistor R. >-
(IIT 1981)
268
13181
(i) State Ohm's Law.
PRACTICEPROBLEMS
..
_
........
I
3000 400n
(ii) In the circuit shown in figure,
a voltmeter reads 30 volts when
----~
it is connected across 400 ohm
resistance. Calculate what the GOV
same voltmeter will read when '-----
it is connected across the 300 ohm resistance. (lIT 1980)
13191 _
state. TT
the points A and B and between the points Band C in steady
I F (lIT 1979)
3~F I~F
tOn
zon 100V c
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 269
13221 _
3n
liT 1979)
13231 _
A heater is designed to operate
with a power oflOOOwatts in a
:;:~
"tfAWh\
Ion
100 volt line. It is connected in
a combination with a resistance ••IN."
of 10 ohms and a resistance R
to a 100 volts mains as shown
-----~. ~
100V
-
fb
maintained across a 12000 O-rheostat
ab (see figure). The voltmeter V
has a resistance of 6000 0 and point C
is at one fourth of the distance from a •
to b. What is the reading in the
270 . PRACTICE PROBLEMS
3Q SQ
A 13
13291 _
A 13
13301 .._.,_
12 cells each having the same emf are connected in series and are
kept in a closed box. Some ofthe cells are wrongly connected. This
battery is connected in series with an ammeter and two cells
identical with the others. The current is 3 amperes when the cells
and battery aid each other and is 2 amperes when the cells ahd
battery oppose each other. How many cells in battery are wrongly
connected?
(liT 1976)
13311
A fuse made of lead wire has an area ot-cross-section 0.2 sq. inm.
on short circuiting, the current in the fuse wire reaches 30 amps.
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 271
How long after short circuiting will the fuse begin to melt?
Initial temperature of the wire is 20'C. Neglect the heat losses.
(For lead: specific heat = 0.032 caVgm.'C, melting point = 327 'C,
density = 11.34 gm/cc, resistivity = 22 x 10- 6 ohm-em) (lIT 1976)
1~~~I>' .
A battery of emf 1.4 volts and internal resistance 2 Q is connected
to a resistor of 100 Q resistance through an ammeter. The resistance
of ammeter is (4/3) ohm. A voltmeter has also been connected to
find the Fotential difference across the resistance.
(i) Draw the circuit diagram.
(ii) The ammeter reads 0.02 amp. What is the resistance of
voltmeter?
(iii) The voltmeter reads 1.10 volts. What is the error in this
reading? (lIT 1975)
I~~~I
,...»,., ....
An electric tea kettle has two heating coils. When one of the coils
is switched Oel the kettle begins to boil in 6 minutes, and when the
other is switched on the boiling begins in 8 minutes. In what time
will the boiling begin if both coils are switched on simultaneously
(i) in series
(ii) in parallel? (lIT 1975)
50
272. PRACTICE PROBlEr,IS
ao
" (lIT 1973)
~-------------
A galvanometer having a coil resistance of 100 n gives a full
scale deflectionwhen a current of 1milliampere is passed through
it.
(i) What is the value of the resistance which can convert this
galvanometer into an ammeter giving a full scale deflection
of 10 amperes?
(ii) A resistance ofthe required value is available but it will get
burnt if the energy dissipated in it is greater than 1 watt.
Can it be used for the above described conversion of the
galvanometer?
(iii) When this modified galvanometer is connected across the
terminals of a battery, it shows a current of 4 amperes. The
current drops to 1 ampere, when a resistance of 1.5 n is
connected in series with the modifiedgalvanometer. Find the
emf and the internal resistance ofthe battery. (lIT 1972)
~----------
13431_. _
3451_.
1 -----------------------
A rectangular loop PQRS made
from a uniform wire has length a, z
width b and mass m. It is free to
rotate about the arm PQ, which
remains hinged along a horizontal p y
Q
line taken as the y-axis (seefigure).
Take the vertically upward
direction as the Z-axis. A uniform
magnetic field B
= (3;+4k) Bo
Y
exists in the region. The loop is
held in the x-y plane and a current I is passed through it. The loop
is now released and is found to stay in the horizontal position in
equilibrium. (lIT 2002)
(a) What is the direction of the current I in PQ ?
(b) Find the magnetic force on the arm RS.
(c) Find the expression for I in terms ofBo' a, band m.
13461 ~ __
Acurrent of 10Aflowsaround
a closed path in a circuit
which is in the horizontal
plane as shown in the figure.
The circuit consists of eight
alternating arcs of radii
r, = 0.08 m and r2 = 0.12 m.
Each arc subtends the same
angle at the centre.
(a) Find the magnetic field
produced by this circuit
at the centre.
(b) An infinitely long straight wire carrying a current of 10 A is
passing through the centre ofthe above circuit vertically with
the direction of the current being into the plane of the
circuit.
What is the force acting on the wire at the centre due to the current
in the circuit? What is the force acting on the arc AC and the
straight segment CD due to the current at the centre?
(liT 2001)
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 275
to this field and the net force F on the loop. (lIT 2000)
-.
V of the particle at time t. You must express your answer in terms
-> -> ->
of t, q, m. the vectors Vo , E and B , and their magnitudes vo' E
and B. (lIT 1998)
(a) What is the torque 1about 0 acting on the frame due to the
magnetic field?
(b) Find the angle by which the frame rotates under the action of
this torque in a short interval oftime I'>.t, and the axis about
which this rotation occurs. (I'>.
t is so short that any variation
in the torque during this interval may be neglected.)
Given: moment of inertia ofthe frame about an axis through
4
its centre perpendicular to its plane is "3 MI:? (lIT 1998)
,.
PRACTICE PROBLEMS . 277
13521 --;- _
c x
z
(lIT 1992)
I-zrl" - ...-
278 PRACTICE PROBL'EMS
YL
in the figure.
o x
. '"
PRACTICE PROBLEMS . . 279
13571 _
,,
:
, Q
,
", LR: 1\1 t~
i 0: s----"-----X
,,
p
,,
,,
,
,,
i , :,
-~)
(111' 1989)
13581 _
is zero. Find
(i) the magnitude and direction of current in B.
(ii) the magnitude oftlie magnetic field of induction at the point
S.
(iii) the force per unit length on the wire B. (lIT 1987)
13591 _
A beam of protons with a velocity 4 x 105 mlsec. enters a uniform
magnetic field of 0.3 tesla at an angle of 60° to the magnetic field.
Find the radius ofthe helical path taken by the proton beam. Also
280 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
~---------
13641_" .. _.-_. '-"-' -----
A metal bar AB can slide on
two parallel thick metallic
rails separated by a distance A
1. A resistance R and an
inductance L are connected to Ii
the rails as shown in the ,
figure. A long straight wire
carrying a constant current 10 ~L
"
~
is placed in the plane of the
rails and perpendicular to B
them as shown. The bar AB
is held at rest at a distance "0
from the long wire. At t = 0, it is made to slide on the rails away
from the wire. Answer the following question.
')
,a F'mare
d Ia t'Ion among I,. dt
di l\n d dcI> h
dt' were .. th e curren t
lIS
in the circuit and cI> is the flux of the magnetic field due to the
long wire through the circuit.
(b) It is observed that at time t = T, the metal bar AB is at a
distance of2xo from the long wire and the resistance R carries
a current il. Obtain an expression for the net charge that has
flown through resistance R froni t = 0 to t = T.
(e) The bar is suddenly stopped at time T. The current through
. L
resistance R is found to be ~ at time 2T. Find the value of R
in terms of the other given quantities. (lIT 20(2)
282. PRACTICE PROBLEMS
13651_" --------------
An inductor of inductance
L = 400 mH and resistors of
resistances R, = 20 and
R2 = 20 are connected to a
T
E
R,
battery of e.m.f. E = 12 V as
S
shown in the figure. The
internal resistance of the
battery is negligible. The switch S is closed at time t = O.
What is the potential drop across L as a function of time?
After the steady staw is reached, the switch is opened. What is the
direction and magnitude of current through R, as a function of
time? (liT 2001)
(a) the induced current in the loop and indicate its direction.
(b) the total Lorentz force acting on the loop and indicate its
direction, and
(c) an expression for the speed of the loop, v (t) and its terminal
value. (lIT 1999)
13681_. ~ _
An inductor of inductance 2.0 mH is connected across a charged
capacitor of capacitance 5.0 "F, and the resulting LC circuit is set
oscillating at its natural frequency. Let Q denote the instantaneous
charge on the capacitor, and I the current in the circuit. It is found
that the maximum value of Q is 200 "C
13701 -------------------------~
An infinitesimally small bar magnet of dipole moment M is
pointing and moving with the speed v in the x-direction. A small
closed circular conducting loop of radius a and negligible self
inductance lies in the y-z plane with it centre at x = 0, and its axis
coinciding with the x-axis. Find the force opposing the motion of
the magnet, if the resistance of the loop is R. Assume that the
distance x of the magnet from the centre of the loop is much greater
than a.
(lIT 1997, May)
R x
L x
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 285
(a) What is the induced emf across the terminals ofthe switch?
(b) The switch S is closed at time t = O.
(i) Obtain an expression for the current as a function oftime.
2!l
R, E,
2!l 12V
1
A , R, n
2 S 3V 211
30 R,
L
lOmH
x x xM, x x x
~ x
x x x :: x x x
x
R x x x F x d
B x
x x x x x x
x
x x xN x x x
(i) Find the velocity ofthe rod and the applied force F as functions
of the distance x of the rod from R.
(ii) What fraction of the work done per second by F is converted
into heat?
(lIT 1988)
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 287
xxxxxx
xxxxxx
x x x x x x
B
x X X X X X
X X X X X X
D X X X X X X
X X X X X X
r.;;;;;"]-
~ ~,~t~..
••••~~~;r.~
••,- ~-;'~.,
~". I'-;'~~
";;l"~"~il'~7.~-:'J~"'"
'.•_!~,"",f~;'~~"~~t~
.~.", ',~';r..~~'~
~q~'.ltl:}j:.~ :.'~~.~if~':'i;.i.":~~j~
. .
The two rails ofa railway track, insulated from each other and the
ground, are connected to a millivolt-meter.What is the reading of
the millivoltmeter when a train travels at a speed of 180km/hour
aong the track given that the horizontal components of earth's
magnetic field is 0.2 x 10-' weberslm2 and the rails are separated
by 1 metre? (liT 1981)
ALTERNATING CURRENT
1380I .,..po---.~
.\.'~1~.?~;w~1X~~~7~~~tf\ii'~¥.ttU~\~,-(.::r:Rf
'f-
_ ~ .••, I."~;
!'.
U'.Jf., .'..1S: ~."_~. _'I."'" :~4fI'J1-•••••_,';;:M".",-l.; ..,~~~
'.,(~.i'. :' .•
l~-~;~
__"'h'_"".~/.~LJ
In an LRseries circuit, a sinusoidalvoltageV=Vosin (j) t is applied.
(j)
Itisgiven thatL=35 mH, R= nn, Vnns = 220 V, -2 = 50Hz and
• 1t
22
It= 7',Find the amplitude of current in the steady state and
obtain the phase difference between the current and the voltage.
Alsoplot the variation ofcurrent for one cycleo-nthe given graph.
(liT 2004)
13811 r""!"i ~'l"''!~(Ji{Jjf$~-~!1N~-\n~:k~~h1i:..~~.
f,' •...•-_. ¥'!~.'"•.•.••.•'1'''' _",."i~r:r-,,,,,.-.- ". Wo'-, '~"~~,.,,:
J;;~!.! •.tl.~_~~l1!\~~~
•..•- •• ..,_." •••• ..,. ••. '.,. " .•.-.>.:-~,.•~., .•• ~~
O.Olm!.
,,
,,
,,
,,
•• OAm (lIT 2004)
13841; . -- .
(lIT 2003)
290 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
','1
The refractive indices of the crown glass for blue and red lights
are 1.51 and 1.49 respectively and those of the flint glass are 1.77
and 1.73 respectively. An isosceles prism of angle 6° is made"of
crown glass. A beam of white light is incident at a small angle of
this pri.sm. The other flint glass isosceles prism is combined with
the crown glass prism such that there is no deviation ofthe incident
light. Determine the angle of the flint glass prism. Calculate the
net dispersion of the combined system. (lIT 2001)
13871 c "' _. - I
A thin biconvex lens ofrefractive index ~ is placed on a horizontal
plane mirror as shown in the figure. The space between the lens ,
4
and the mirror is then filled with water ofrefractive index "3' It is
found that when a point object is placed 15 cm above the lens on
its principle axis, the object coincides with its own image.
On repeating with another liquid, the object and the image again
coincide at a distance 25 cm from the lens. Calculate the refractive
index of the liquid. (lIT 2001)
13881_; .~-_-._._.- -_'-__ ""'_- - -_'_ .. __ '_
A convex lens offocallength
15 em and a concave mirror
offocal length 30 em are kept
with their optic axes PQ and Q
RS parallel but separated in R
vertical direction by 0.6 em as s
shown. The distance between
the lens and mirror is 30 em.
An upright objectABofheight 3~ 20crn
1.2 cm is placed on the optic
axis PQ of the lens at a distance of20 em from the lens. If A'B' is
the image after refraction from the lens and reflection from the
mirror, find the distance of A'B' from the pole of the mirror and
obtain its magnification. Also locate position of A' and B' with
respect to the optic axis RS. ilT 2000)
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 291
13891 _
-
(a) Calculate the wavelength 1..0 for which rays incident at any
. angle on the interface BC pass through without bending at
that interface.
(b) For light of wavelength 1.0, find the angle ofincidencei on the
face AC such that the deviation produced by the combination
of prisms is minimum. (lIT 1998)
292 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
. tank filled with water (f! =il On the opposite side of the lens, a
mirror is placed inside the tank on the tank wall perpendicular to
the lens axis, as shown in figure. The separation between the lens
and the mirror is 0.8 m. A small object is placed outside the tank
in front of the lens at a distance of 0.9 m from the lens along its
axis. Find the position (relative to the lens) of the image of the
object formed by the system.
1<---- 0.9 m ----+ ..-.0.8 m •. _.'"1.
•.................. MirroT
13931_: ~ _
A right angle prism (450 - 900 - 450) of
refractive index n has a plate of
refractive index n, (n, < n) cemented to
its diagonal face. The assembly is in air.
A ray is incident on AB (see figure),
(i) Calculate the angle ofincidence at
AB for which the ray strikes the
diagonal face at the critical angle. B C
1.8m
PRACTICEPROBLEMS 293
y
P(x"y,) AIR
,,
,,
,,,
t =l.Om , MEDIUM
,,
B(x, y)
,
,
,,
, ,,
X
A(o,o) AIR
interface (as shown in the figure), show thatfor any value ofna all
light will ultimately be reflected back again into medium II.
Consider separately the cases.
(i) na < n, and (ii) na > n,. (lIT 1986)
(iii) Sketch the ray diagram to locate the image, when a point
object is placed on the axis, 20 cm from the lens (polished).
(iv) Calculate the image distance when the object is placed as in
(iii). (lIT 1979)
14061, ",'-' -",-
A ray of light is incident at an angle of 60 on one face of prism 0
which has an angle of30°, The ray emerging out ofthe prism makes
an angle of 300 with the incident ray. Show that the emergent ray
is perpendicular to the face through which it emerges and ca!culate
the refractive index of the material of the prism. (lIT 1978)
14071~,'_' ~_~ ~'
A pin is placed 10 cm in front of a convex lens offoca1length 20 cm,
made of a material of refractive index 1.5, The surface of the lens
farther away from the pin is silvered and has a radius ofcurvature
are 22'cm, Determine the position of the final image, Is the image
real as virtual? (lIT 1978)
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 297
1~~~IH';EEHEUHH
A glass lens has focal length 5 cm in air. What will be its focal
length in water. (Refractive index of glass is 1.51 and that of water
is 1.33). (lIT 1977)
,0-0 )-
I' .• .- •
14181 _
An object is placed in front of a convex mirror at a distance of 50
ems. A plane mirror is introduced covering lower half ofthe convex
mirror. If the distance between the object and the plane mirror is
30 ems, it is found that there is no parallux between the images
formed by two mirrors. What is the radius of curvature of the convex
mirror?
(lIT 1973)
14191 _
142°1 _
An object of height 4 cm is kept to the left of and on the axis of a
converging lens of focal length 10 cm as shown in figure. A plane
mirror is placed inclined at 45° to the lens axis 10 cm to the right
of the lens (see figure). Find the position and size of the image
formed by the lens and mirror combination. Trace the rays forming
the image.
to-l5cm
,,
• Object
(lIT 1972)
300 PRACTICEPROBLEMS
~~----------
14211 ~ __ ~ _
In a Young's double slit experiment light consisting of two
wavelengths )" = 500 nm and )'2 = 700 nm is incident normally on
the slits. Find the distance from the central maxima where the
maximas due to two wavelengths coincide for the first time after
D
central maxima. (given d = 1000) where D is the distance between
the slits and the screen and d is the separation between the slits.
(lIT 2004)
~_. ------------
Apoint source 8 emitting light of wavelength 600 nm is placed at
a very small height h above a flat reflecting surface AB (see figure).
The intensity of the reflected light is 36% of the incident intensity.
Interference fringes are observed on a screen placed parallel to
the reflecting surface at a very large distance D from it.
Screen
~---------~-----
!" vessel ABCD o£1O cm width has two small slits 8, and 8 sealed 2
with identical glass plates of equal thickness. The distance between
the.stlits is 0.8mm. POQ is the line perpendicular to the plane AB
and passing through 0, the middle point of 8] and 82, A
monochromatic ight source is kept at 8, 40 cm below P and 2m
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 301
from the vessel, to illuminate the slits as shown in the figure below.
Calculate the position of the central b.right fringe on the other
wall CD with respect to the line OQ. Now, a liquid is poured into
the vessel and filled up to OQ.
A D
P SI
.'."'."""' .. "'., ... "., ..••...•.••.... ' •.•..•• Q
: 0
!40cm 82
!S .__
..
?!!1:._. __ .
C
The central bright fringe is found to be at Q. Calculate the refractive
index of the liquid. (lIT 2001)
J
'*~~----------------
"
(aJ . Find the location ofthe central maximum (bright fringe with
zero path difference) on the y-axis.
(bJ Find the light intensity at point 0 relative to the maximum
fringe intensity.
302 ' PRACTICE PROBLEMS
Screen
14281~, _
In Young's experiment, the source is red light of wavelength 7 x
10- 7 m. When a thin glass plate of refractive index 1.5 at this
wavelength is put in the path of one of the interfering beams, the
central bright fringe shifts by 10- 3 m to the position previously
occupied by the 5th bright fringe. Find the thickness of the plate.
When the source is now changed to green light of wavelength 5 x
10-7 m, the central fringe shifts to a position initially occupied by
the 6th bright fringe due to red light. Find the refractive index of
glass for the green light. Also estimate the change in fringe width
due to the change in wavelength. (lIT 1997, May)
14291-,~,._----------------------
.
O.15m 1.3Om
-, ,0
304 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
I~tli'
Two parallel beams of light P and Q (separation d) containing
radiations ofwavelengths 4000 A and 5000 A (which are mutually
coherent in each waveleugth separately) are incident normally on
a prism as shown in Figure. The refractive index of the prism as a
14351._ --------------
In Young's double slit experiment using monochromatic light the
. fringe pattern shifts by a certain distance on the screen when a
mica sheet of refractive index 1.6 and thickness 1.964 microns is
introduced in the path of one of the interfering waves. The mica
sheet is then removed and the distance between the slits and the
screen is doubled. It is found that the distance between successive
maxima (or minima) now is the same as the observed fringe shift
upon the introduction ofthe mica sheet. Calculate the wave length
of the monomchromatic light used in the experiment. (lIT 1983)
306 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
1436 1- . -.
Screen S is illuminated by two point
sources A and B. Another source C sends
a parallel beam of light towards point P on
the screen (see figure). Line
AP is normal to the screen and the lines A P
AP, BP and CP are in one plane The
distances AP, BP and CP are 3 m, 1.5 m
and 1.5 m respectively. The
radiant powers of sources A and Bare 90
watts and 180 watts respectively. The beam S
from C is of intensity 20 wattslm2. Calculate the intensity at P on
the screen. (liT 1982)
~
14371: - _ ••. ----- -_. ~ .-
Two metallic plates A and B, each of area 5 x 10-4 m2, are placed
parallel to each other at a separation of 1 cm. Plate B carries a
positive charge of 33.7 x 10- 12C. A monochromatic beam oflight
with photons of energy 5 eVeach, starts falling on plate A at t = 0
so that 101Gphotons fallon it per square mls. Assume that one
photoelectron is emitted for every lOG incident photons. Also
assume that all the emitted photoelectrons are collected by plate
B and the work function of plate A remains .constant at the value 2
eV. Determine:
(a) the number of photoelectrons emitted up to t = 10 s.
(b) the magnitude of the electric field between the plates A and
B at t = 10 sand
(c) the kinetic energy of the most energetic photoelectron emitted
at t = lOs when it reaches plate B.
Neglect the time taken by the photoelectron to reach plate B.
Take So = 8.85 x 10-12 C2/N_m2 (liT 2002)
..
'
14381. ,
Assume that the de Broglie wave associated with an electron can
form a standing wave between the atoms arranged in a one
dimensional array with nodes at each of the atomic sites. It is found
that one such standing wave is formed if the distance d between
the atoms of the array is 2 A . A similar standing wave is again
formed if d is increased to 2.5 A but not for any intermediate
PRACTICEPROBLEMS 307
14401_' --------------
A monochromatic point SC
source S radiating
wavelength 6000 A, with
power 2 watt, an aperture
A of diameter 0,1 m and a D
large screen SC are placed
as shown in figure. A
photoemissive detector D -----6"'
of surface area 0.5 cm2 is placed at the centre of the screen. The
efficiency of the detector for the photoelectron generation per
incident photon is 0.9.
(a) Calculate the photon flux at the centre of the screen and the
photocurrent in the detector.
(b) If the concave lens L of focal length 0.6 m is inserted in the
aperture as shown, find the new values of photon flux and
photocurrent. Assume a uniform average transmission of80%
from the lens.
(c) If the workfunction of the photoemissive surface is 1 eV,
calculate the vlauM of the stopping potential in the two cases
(without and with the lens in the aperture). (lIT 1991)
308 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
1
441
1'.. '" .-;-.-.,_. :- ... - -'.
A beam of light has three wavelengths 4144 A, 4972 A and 6216 A
with a total intensity of 3.6 x 10- 3 W m- " equally distributed
amongst the three wavelengths. The beam falls normally on an
area 1.0 cm" of a clean metallic surface of work function 2.3 ev'
Assume that there is no loss oflight by reflection and that each
energetically capable photon ejects one electron. Calculate the
number of photoelectrons liberated in two seconds. (lIT 1989)
~
1
442
1' .._-..... ------------------
..... ... .. . ... .. ... ... .. ....-
energy (in eV) that can be emitted by this atom during de-
excitation. Ground state energy of hydrogen atom is -13.6
eV
(b) When a beam of 10.6 eV photons of intensity 2.0 W/m2 falls
on a platinum surface of area 1.0 x 10-4m2 and work function
5.6 eV, 0.53% of incident photons eject photoelectrons. Find
the number of ph9toelectrons emitted per second and their
minimum and maximum energies (in eV).
Take 1 eV = 1.6 x 10-19 J (lIT 2000)
14461 _
(iii) Find the maximum and the minimum energies ofthe emitted
photons. (liT 1989)
The age of a rock containing lead and uranium is equal to 1.5 x 10"
. yrs. The uranium is decaying into lead with half life equal to 4.5 x
10" yrs. Find the ratio of lead to uranium present in the rock.
Assuming initially no lead was present in the rock
(Given 2113 = 1.259)
r.:::-W -_.--- -~ ..
~I
. -- - ...._ _._-~----.~
..
(IIT2OO4)
L
314 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
~Hi'"
In an ore containing Uranium, the ratio oftJ238to Pb206nuclei is 3.
Calculate the age ofthe ore, assuming that all the lead present in
the ore is the final stable product oftJ238.Take the half-life ofD'38
to be 4.5 x 109 years. (lIT 1997 May)
~~. ~~~~~=c.
~
In a nuclearreactcr undergoes fission liberating 200
energy. The reactor has a 10%efficiency and produces 1000 MW
power. If the reactor is to function for 10 years, find the total mass
of uranium required.
(lIT 20(1)
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 315
The element Curium ~~8cm had a mean life of 10'3 seconds. Its
primary decay modes are spontaneous fission and a decay, the
former with a probability of 8% and the latter with a probability of
92%. Each fission releases 200 MeV of energy. The masses involved
in a decay are as follows:
~:8Cm = 248.072220 u,
~2X-+ ~28y+ a
(a) Find the values of A and Z in the above process.
(b) The alpha particle produced in the above process is found to
move in a circular track of radius 0.11 m in a uniform magnetic
field of3 Testla. Find the energy (in Mev) released during the
process and the binding energy of the parent nucleus X.
Given that
m{~n) =1.009u;m{;He)=4.003u;
(lIT 1991)
316 , ,
PRACTICE PROBLEMS
••
ANSWERS
.
',~
•
.'
PRACTICE PROBLEMS . 317
GrmDD.....
-------------
1. (a) 450
(b) 2 mfs.
u~ ) t
4. ( u+~ '
(ii) ~(~)t2
2 u+~
6. 4S krnlh.
7. 36km.
8. 48krnlh.
9. (i) The block that falls freely will strike the ground earlier.
(ii) Same speed.
10. Same time.
11. (i) Velocity = + X-axis, acceleration = 0
(ii) Velocity = 0, acceleration = 0
(iii) Velocity = - X-axis, acceleration = 0
12. 10m.
13. 9 metres.
u2 sin 2a.
15. (a)
g cose
ucos(u+e)
(b)
cose
16. (i) M = 1 second
(ii) (sJ3m, Sm)
h 1
17. H = 2"
318 PRACTICEPROBLE~.lS
18. (i) 747.1 metres
(ii) 85.55 mls
19. (a) - 1mls
(b) 1.48 sec:
N= (~) mg
21. (i) 20 N
(ii) 50 N
23. F(l-D.
m,. sin a + Ill:! sin fl)
24. f = ( m,. cos a + Ill:! cosfl g
m,.~gsin (a - fl)
T = (m,. cos c'1+ ~ cos fl)
25. 3 K
26. (a) (i) 17400 N (ii) 14700 N (iii) 1200 N
(b) 36m
(e) Average velocity = 3 mls
Average acceleration =0
27. 25 crnJs2 Eastward.
28. 110 em from the pulley.
230 emls towards right.
29. (i) remains a8me
(ii) increase
30. (a) t = 2 sec
(b) Sa = 7./2 m
SA= 8./2 m
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 319
31. (b) fl = 30 N
f. = 15N
F =60N
Tension = 18 N
(Acceleration ofM) = (Acceleration ofml) = 0.6 mls2
(ml is at rest w.r.t. M).
32. (i) zero
ai) (2;Z) mg
(iii) ::12
33. FMlN= ~
1+ fl2
a = tan-I fl with horizontal
34. Ms!= 10 kg, fl = 0.098 J
35. (i) M) = 4.2 kg
(ii) 9.8 N
42. (i) h = R _ .L
2
00
. 1 ~Mg
43. 2rrmL
44. To apply brakes.
(ii) 1.6 N
(iii) 3.16 mls
47. NA
__f1 mg (3 coOSe - 2) e:s:coS-l~
1
e '" cos- ~
t
'e:s:cos-l~
B
N = (mg(2-:coSe) e",cos-1
48. u= gL(2 + 3
2
./3)
49. 3.36 mls.
50. 4.24m
k
55.
2r
56. (i) First
. (ii) Second
57. 80cm.
58. 313.6 Watt.
59. (i) K.E. = 0.098 J
(ii) T = 0.294 N
. x
60. (i) "2
.. Wx
(n) 2
W Wx
\.'iii) F = -2 ' work done = -2
(iv) 2
100..[3
63. to = 12 seconds, 11 mls.
26
64. e =0.84, M =_ kg
.f3
65. (a) 2.5 mls
(b) L= 0.32m
(ii) (120 m; 45 m)
73. n = 4.
74. 6.53 seconds
Speed = m 2g (R - r)
M(m+M)
77. The particle Q hits the ground at the mid point of AB.
5
Time = J2 second.
81. Less.
82. 0.94
83. (i) 135.3 N
(ii) Yes.
84. 3,Ja mis, No.
85. 480N.
86. (i) t = 1 second, 4.9 M below the top ofthe cliff.
(ii) 77.55 metres above the top of the cliff.
87. (i) 15 mls downward
(ii) 1080 kgm/s, 1080 kgmls
88. 40cm/s.
89. (a) ,Ja mro2[
F
F =--
x 4
90. (a) 0.1 M
(b) 1 rad/s
(c) Infmite
m 1
91. (a) M = 4"
2
(b)AP="3L
DO
(c) Vp = 2./2
8F
92. (a) a -----
plank - 3m, + 8m"
4F
acylinder = 3m, + 8m2
3m,F
(b) fcPlank & Cylinder) = 3m, + 8m"
m,F .
fcCylinde. & ",onnd) = 3m, + 8m"
324 ' PRACTICE PROBLEMS
93. ~5gR
94. (a) F =
-> 2mv
M (~
1-
k) ; N-> = ( mg+ J3M
J3 2mv ) ,
k
(b) T- 4mvh
- J3M
95. (i) 6 N
(ii) ~I = 0.6 (k - J) Nm
~2 = 0.6(-k-J) Nm
(ii)t-~
0- 3J.1g
3 2 1 2
W = - mVoMt + 2m (Me) for t > to' W= --mvo
6
(c) KT = 6
KR
98. (i) T=4.9N
(ii) S = 1.224 m
99. 6.3m/s
12V
100. (a) 7L
101. P; gR
102. 2.72 J.
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 325
104.
mv3
2,/2 g
105. 20.
e =tan-1 m
107. 34N.
108. (i) 48.3 kg
(ii) 2 m2
109. 100R
110. V = ~J5GM
2 .a
t
111. (i) ; h = R = 6400 km
(ii) v = ..fiR = 7.92 km/s
112. v = JG:;
3
T=21tJa
3Gm
113. (i) 1t x 10"' km/hr
(ii) ~ radians/hr
136. 1.96m2
137. 2m.
139. (i) :0
(ii) ~2gmo
Ap
(ii) Po {T+~)dg
(b) (i) v= ~f(3H - 4,';)
(ii) x = .J h(3H - 4h)
(iii) h = ~H
m 8
3
x =-H
m 4
dQ oc-;
141. dt r
143. 'Aag
2y
4T
144.- 2
pv
145. ..!-r
2"
g
2R
143.
l
328 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
1
147. (i) - Hz
"
(ii) " mls
50
(iii) 4,,2 x 10- 5 J
(b) T = 2"
~2g cosS
~8.l
149. (1+ ~;) sec.
150. 1
2"
JYA
ml
151. (i) 4.8 x 10- ~ J
(ii) 3.75x10-4J
(b) nA 3
nB ="4
155. Heights of water level = 3.2 m, 2.4 m, 1.6 m, 0.8 m and
dH -JH
0; dt = 179
Time interval= 42.9 sec.
156. (a) 0.14 sec.
(b) Ar=2.1cm, ~
.. '
Ii, = 1.4 em
PRACTICE PROBLEMS ,329
157. (a)
(b)
(c) Pmin:PmlU:Po
(d) Pmin:PO-&'o
P mlU: Po + l>Po
158. LclO8ed: 0.75 m
Lopen: 1.0067 m or 0.9934 m
21t b'
161. (a) A: -,V:-
a 2"
(b) Y : - 0.8 A cos (ax - btl'
(c) Maximum speed: 1.8M'
Minimum speed: 0
(d) y ; Y travelling + Y stationary"
: 0.2A COS (ax + btl - lL6;A sin ax&inlbt
Antinodes of stationary' wave,
100)
166. ( 133.mls
167. 27N.
168. Diameter = 3.33 em, v.= 163.3 Hz.
169. (i) 95 Hz
(ii) 1.27 x lO"kglm3
170. 1650Hz.
171. 50Hz.
172. 230 mls.
ri4. 45em.
176. 260Hz.
177. (i) 270'm
(ii) 36(hn!s
178..
179. 7:21. :gmicc , ,
180. (a) l00696lHz
(b) 103039I1ifz.
181.
f [2 (u-+'Vm)'IIb'1
v2._.vl .J
PRACTICE PROBLEMS . 331
il92. [
(W2 -'WI) +'/3 (WO-WI) (t2 - tl)]
, ,two -W~H~2'-tl) .'
""96.
i' ") "F
",~ AT(11
I = ------
"-1 -+ il,2"-2~
(il+~)
''') I 1 ....Fli
III . I +, ,i,,-.I~-"Y2A" 112
, Fl2
+ll~"-iT - Y A
2
UW. :2:31 x 16-~~C.
L
332 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
200. 3 x 1O-4/°C.
201. 25.2N.
202. 0.495 kg
203. 12gm
204. O°C
205. 20.25°C
206. 1.8 x 10- 41°C
207. 100°C, (572.2 gm water + 77.5 gm steam)
208. 178.5°C
209. 25.5°C
210. lkg/hour.
K
211.
[4<JET;L+Kj
221. 2°C
222. 0.3 callm-sec-oC
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 333
223. 76°C
224. (a) 160 K
(b) 3.312 x 10-21 J
(c) 0.3012 gIll
225. neon = 4.08 gm, argon = 23.92 gIll.
226. 75.4 em of mercury.
227. 83.75 em of mercury.
228.
234. --~=-
dTOP
dBOTTOM
75
76
235. 48 em.
236. 400i (f K
mv~_
237.
3R
T -_ ~+
3R
PI VI
2R
(VIV )2/3
2
24L (a)PoVo
J
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 335
(ii) ~PV
4
251. (ii) V = 0.113 m3, P = 4.41 X 104 N/mz
(iii) 12450 J
252. 800 K, 720 J
253. T = 675 K, P = 3.6 x 106 N/mZ
257. ~tPo
211 MYo
q(O", - O"z)a
258.
2../2 &0
qp
259. (a) Z
4" Eo d
qp
(b) 3
2" EO d
L
336 . PRACTICE PROBLEMS
260. -5.824
__q2
(4" eo)a
265. (~)cr
266.
~2eom
3Q2
267. (a)
207t eo R
(b) 15 x H,ll J
Q2
(c)
8" eo R
(c)
v~
~
.... '.}"
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 337
cr
269. (i) V - -(a-b+c)
A - Eo
Vc= :(:2 _b
C
2
+c)
(ii) c=a+b
270. t= ;J~~
271. 3.16 x 10-9 C
272. 2q and Sq at ends. q at a distance of 3 em from 2 q and 6 em from
Sq.
E=O.
278.
279.
L
338 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
286. The neutral point is ata distance of8cm from + 4Q and 4 cmfrom
+Q.
287. 4.73 cm, No
288. zero.
289. 2 x 10- 12 coulomb.
290. (i) Vp = 0, VQ = 400 volt,
ai) Ep = 4.242 x 103 N/C along -ve x-axis
EQ = 5.33 x 103N/C along +ve x-axis
(iii) 400 J/C
au) No, independent of path
291. 3062.5 volt, 1.96 mls2
292. Same charges.
q q
.293. (i) V= ,E= 2
2" Eo a 3" Eo a
q q
(ii) V= ,E= 2
6" Eo a 5" Eo a
294. (i) 1.5 x 10- 2 volt, . .
'"
.. ", .
(ii) 2.382 x 10- 2 volt
301. utnitiaI =~
"Final 5
302. 32 IlF
23
~NlTIAL 1
303.
c"NAL 2
4
304. R= -(T) - T2).
3
304. (a) No. (c) So.
306. (a) c; (1_e- 2t!3RC)
308. 0.21Jf\.
20
309. 3"y.
310. 4.425 x 10-9 A
311. 1.5 A, 1.44 x 10- 5 J.
312. (i) 2 n (ii) 1.5 A .
340 PRACTICEPROBLEMS
313. 8 X 10-4 J.
21
(ii) P.O. across G is 13 V,
19
P.O. across H is 13 V
315. 0.9A.
316. Reading of ammeter = 4.96 x 10-3 A
Reading of voltmeter = 1.95 V
317. (i) 2V
(ii) Current through E1 is 1 A
Current through Ez is 2 A
Current through E3 is 1 A
Current through R is 2 A
318. (ii) 22.5 V
319. PD. = 2.5 volts.
320. (i) 9 min 42 second.
(ii) Same.
321. VA - VB = 25 V, VB - Vc = 75 V
322. U1
323. 50.
324. 0.2%.
325. 31.25 W.
326. 40V.
327. 790 ohms
328. 50.
10
329 • -0.
.3 .
... 330. 1 cel1:-:-
PRACTICEPROBLEMS 341
340. 70%.
341. 90 watts.
(b) -vo'
...• ...•
...•
349. v = (COSlDt)VO
-(SinlDt)~+
...• Exv (qt)m E...•
qB
where ,lD=- m
. 350. (a)
...•I
= _0"
T2B("J-'.~)
__
~ J2
(b) h9= (~}At)2
d
351. (i) :J: = :t .J3
(ii) I r;;-
2nd"~
31.2. T = 0.2 seconds.
353. 4.74 x 100"T.
2 2
1'01
-- ) In( 1+-a )
( 21t 'L2 ,zero.
355. (a)
(b)
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 343
362. 6.5N .
. 363. (i) Perpendicular to plane containing wires.
(ii) Attractive towards other.
(iii) 4 times.
(iv) Magnetic field is zero.
L T
(c) R = 2102
(b) _(B~;2v)J
fC.l _ mgR (l-e-«')
"J v - B'oa 2
B2a' ~R
where (1 = -~ ' v"nninal=B~a'
344 I PRACTICEPROBLEMS
2
B ,' OJ mg'
(ii) + -- cos OJt
4R 2
373. v = 1 m/s, R, = 0.474 n, R2 = 0.3 n.
7
374. 22 Amp. from E to A,
3
11 Amp. from B to E,
1
22 Amp. from F to E.
l'oClo(j)2aln 2
381. (a)
11
CloClo(j)aln 2)C
(b) 1=- - oS(j)t
1t
382. OE=6.06m.
383. 0.09 mis, 0.3/5.
384 . (a) 0
• (b) 1250 A.
1'3R
385.
1'3 - 1'\
386. 4°,0.04°.
387. 1.6
388. Distance of A'B' from pole of mirror 15 em, magnification = - 1.5.
Distance of A' above RS is 0.3 em,
Distance of B' below RS is 1.5 em.
--_._---------- ..
348 . PRACTICE PROBLEMS
432. Im_. ; 49
Imin
448. (i) --
4nm' ( eh )
. (ii) --
81tm
(ehB)
449. z: 3, n : 6.
450. (i) Neutron 6.36 eV, 0.32 eV; He atom 17.84 eV, 16.32 eV
(ii) 9.87 x 10'5 Hz, 11.68 x 10'5 Hz, 1.82 x 1015 Hz.
£0 h2
454. (i) 6241t me2
(ii) n = 25
(iii) 5.48 x 1O-1lM.
350
459. (i) z = 5,
(ii) 16.53 eV
(iii) 36.4A
(iv) KE = 340 eY, PE = - 680 eY, L = 1.05 x 10-34 J-sec.
(v) 1.06 x 10-11 m.
Npb
460. N = 0.259
u
i
461. 0.145/sec. I
462. t = [(15) In 3) seconds.
Nx = 1.924 x 1019•
Nz = 2.302 x 1019•
r
467. 3.96 x 10-"
468. 3.845 x io" kg.
469. KE = 6.5 Mev; Mass = 227.62 a.m.u.
470. 3.32 x 10-" W. II
471. (a)
(b)
A= 232, Z = 90
Energy released = 5.34 MeV., binding energy = 1823 MeV. r
472. 121gm.
~
•• ...
,
,.
,.
1
)