Food and Drink

[ONLY SPEAKING] Food and Drink
1.Reading Part
1.The last time I went to a restaurant was about 2 months ago. My wife and I wanted to celebrate
our wedding anniversary with a good meal, so we went to an expensive Italian restaurant in
downtown Lisbon. We both had pasta to start and for the main course my wife ordered a steak
and I chose fish. For dessert we both ate chocolate cake topped with fresh cream. Delicious!
2. I went to a restaurant yesterday evening with my sister's children. It wasn't very expensive,
and the menu was very limited. We all had a burger and French fries and drank cola. It wasn't
very good.
3. My boyfriend loves spicy food, so this restaurant was perfect. The waiters were all friendly
and polite, and they played traditional sitar music which was very relaxing. The menu offered
vegetarian dishes as well as meat dishes served with rice and a sauce - it depended on how hot
you wanted it! I chose a mild beef curry, but my boyfriend had a lamb 'vindaloo' - he also drank
2 liters of water!!
4. My class at the university went their last weekend. It's a very popular type of restaurant in my
country. It offers one type of food (a kind of bread with cheese and tomato sauce) which you
then choose what ingredients to add on top of it. I asked for olives and mushrooms on mine and
my classmates each had something different, so we could taste a piece of each person's meal.
Reading Quiz:
1. In which text did the person go there for a special occasion?

2. In which text did the person visit an Indian restaurant?
3. In which text did the person eat pizza?
4. In which text did the person eat fast food?
5. In which text did someone eat seafood?
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2.Grammar Part- (Can, Must, Should)
The basic structure for can is:
subject + auxiliary verb + main verb

can
The main verb is always the bare infinitive (infinitive without to).
subject auxiliary verb main verb

can
+ I can play tennis.
- He cannot play tennis.
can't
? Can you play tennis?
A) Possibility
We use the modal can to make general statements about what is possible:
o It can be very cold in winter. (= It is sometimes very cold in winter)

o You can easily lose your way in the dark. (= People often lose their way in the dark)
subject auxiliary verb main verb

could
+ My grandmother could swim.
- She could not walk.
couldn't
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? Could your grandmother swim?
We use could as the past tense of can:
o It could be very cold in winter. (=Sometimes it was very cold in winter.)
We use could to show that something is possible in the future, but not certain:
o If we don’t hurry, we could be late. (=Perhaps/Maybe we will be late)
B) Impossibility
We use the negative can’t or cannot to show that something is impossible:
o You cannot be serious.
We use couldn’t/could not to talk about the past:
o We knew it could not be true.
C) Ability
We use can to talk about someone’s skill or general abilities:
o She can speak several languages.
We use can to talk about the ability to do something at a given time in the present or
future:
o Help. I can’t breathe.
We use could to talk about past time:
o She could speak several languages.

C) Permission:
We use can to ask for permission to do something:

o Can I ask a question, please?
could is more formal and polite than can:
o Could I ask a question please?
We use can to give permission:
o You can go home now if you like.
We use can to say that someone has permission to do something:

Students can travel free.
D) Instructions and requests:
We use could you and as a polite way of telling or asking someone to do something:
o Could you take a message please?
can is less polite:
o Can you take a message please?
Offers and invitations:
We use can I … to make offers:
o Can I help you?
We sometimes say I can ... or I could ... to make an offer:
o I can do that for you if you like.
To Be Able To- to talk about ability
The basic structure for be able to is:
subject + be + able + to-

infinitive
subject main verb adjective to-infinitive
be able

+ I am able to drive.
- She is not able to drive.
isn't
? Are you able to drive?
We use “be able to” to express ability. "Able" is an adjective meaning: having the power, skill or
means to do something. If we say, "I am able to swim", it is like saying "I can swim"
o I have been able to swim since I was five. (present perfect)

o You will be able to speak perfect English very soon. (future simple)
o I would like to be able to fly an airplane. (infinitive)
Must and Have to
The basic structure for “have to” is:
subject + auxiliary + have + to-

verb infinitive
Look at these examples in the Present Simple tense:
subject auxiliary main verb to-infinitive

verb have
+ She has to work.
- I do not have to see the doctor.
? Did you have to go to school?
We can use have to in all tenses, and also with modal auxiliaries. We conjugate it just like any
other main verb. Here are some examples:

subject Auxiliary To infinitive
verb Main verb
“have"
Past simple I had To work yesterday
Present simple I have To work today
Future simple I will have To work tomorrow
Present perfect I have had To change the time
Present She is having To wait

continuous
Modal “may” They may have To do again
Both Must and have to express obligation or necessity, but there are some small differences:
Must expresses the speaker's feelings, whereas have to expresses, above all, an impersonal idea:
o You must come. You are obliged to come (I require that you come)
o You have to come. You are obliged to come. (There's a rule requiring you to come)
o Must I wear this tie? Am I obliged to wear this tie? (What do you think?)
o Do I have to wear this tie? Am I obliged to wear this tie? (Is there a rule about ties?)
“Have to” mainly expresses general obligations, while must is used for specific obligations:
I have to brush my teeth twice a day.
I must tell you something.
Important: To express obligation, duty or necessity in the future or the past, must and need

are not used. They are replaced by have to:
o We must (need to) buy another ticket.

o We had to buy another ticket yesterday.
o We'll have to buy another ticket later.
However, in their negative forms, mustn't and don't have to have completely different
meanings:
Mustn't expresses prohibition
o You mustn't drive. You are prohibited to drive. You are not allowed to drive.
“Don't have to expresses the absence of obligation or necessity:
o You don't have to drive. You are not obliged to drive (but you can if you want to).
SHOULD is used when we want to express our subjective opinion. In other words, ‘what I think
is best for you to do’.
o You should call your mother more often.

o He should apologize before she stops talking to him.
“OUGHT TO is used when we want to express an objective truth. In other words, ‘what is
necessary, and cannot be avoided”.
OUGHT TO is used when we want to express an objective truth. In other words, ‘what is
necessary, and cannot be avoided’
That’s why we usually use OUGHT TO when we are talking about laws, duties and
regulations.

o They ought to follow the school’s policy, or they will get expelled.
o According to this road sing, they ought to stop here.
3.Vocabulary Part
Types of food
1. Fast food: food that is already cooked and prepared and all we do is buy it and eat it.
Example of a fast food chain: McDonald’s.
2. Junk food: food that is not very healthy and is always easy to prepare so that you can eat it
immediately. Take-away food: food that you buy at a shop or restaurant to eat in another
place.
3. GM (genetically modified) food or Frankenstein Food: food that has been produced by a
method that involves changing the structure of its genes.
4. Processed food: food that has been especially treated before it is sold, to make it look more
attractive or last longer.
5. Fattening: food that makes you put on weight. Fatty: with a lot of fat.Spicy: food with a
strong flavor, often from a spice (e.g. paprika)
6. Fresh: food recently picked, not old.
7. Frozen: food kept below 0oC.
8. Tinned: food kept in a tin or can.
Ways of cooking food
9. Flavors and tastes – adjectives and opposites

10. Diet Balanced/ healthy diet: a good mixture of healthy foods.
11. Unhealthy diet: a diet that is not balanced.
12. Mediterranean diet: a diet that often includes monthly servings of meat and weekly meals

of poultry, eggs and sweets. Vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, unrefined cereals, olive oil,
cheese and yoghurt are eaten most days, as is fish.
13. To diet/ to go on a diet: to eat less in order to lose weight.
To put on weight: to become fatter and heavier. To lose weight: to become thinner.
To be overweight: to be too heavy and fat. To be underweight: not heavy enough
physically.
14. A vegetarian: sb who eats only vegetables, bread, fruit, eggs... and does not eat meat or
fish.
A vegan: sb who does not eat meat, fish, eggs, cheese, or milk. A vegetarian diet / A vegan
diet.
15. To swallow – to move food from the mouth to the stomach down your throat.
16. To consume – used especially in scientific contexts meaning to eat or drink sth.To overeat
– to regularly eat more than is healthy or necessary.
17. Possible illnesses related to eating unhealthy food: heart attack, cancer, heart disease,
food poisoning, vomiting, diarrhoea.
18. Protein: a substance that exists in food such as meat, fish, eggs, and pulses, which helps
your body to grow and keep it strong and healthy.
19. Carbohydrate: a substance that exists in food such as rice, pasta, bread, and potatoes,
which provides your body with heat and energy.
20. Fat: an oily substance contained in certain foods like margarine and olive oil.
21. Calorie/s: a unit for measuring the amount of energy that food will produce.
22. Producer: a person or company that produces (grows or makes) food, things to sell to
consumers.
23. Consumer: a person who buys and uses what a producer sells.

Vocabulary Quiz;
Complete the sentences with a word from the box.
Draught; full-bodied; mild; organic; roast; spicy; strong
1. A lot of people in Britain are buying ______________________ food these days.

2. I like a cup of ______________________ coffee first thing in the morning.
3. In some countries, it’s quite hard to find ______________________ bread.
4. Mexican food is often very ______________________.
5. My favorite meal is ______________________ chicken and chips.
6. Rioja is a ______________________ wine that goes well with red meat.
7. Would you like to try this cheese? It’s very ______________________.
4.Listening
English Expert Food and Drink: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhX9Dlp0Ds
5.Speaking
1. Are you a good cook?
2. Are you a vegetarian?
3. Do you like to eat a lot of food every day?
4. Do you like to eat at fast food restaurants?
5. Do you like to have breakfast each morning? Why or why not?
6. Do you like to try new food and drinks?
7. Which fast food restaurants do like?
8. Which fast food restaurants do you eat at the most often?
9. How often do you have unhealthy food?
10. When you are alone do you always cook a meal.


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Food and Drink

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[ONLY SPEAKING] Food and Drink

1. In which text did the person go there for a special occasion?

Greatford Business Services® 2019 34

subject + auxiliary verb + main verb

subject auxiliary verb main verb

o It can be very cold in winter. (= It is sometimes very cold in winter)

subject auxiliary verb main verb

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We use could as the past tense of can:

o It could be very cold in winter. (=Sometimes it was very cold in winter.)

o If we don’t hurry, we could be late. (=Perhaps/Maybe we will be late)

We use the negative can’t or cannot to show that something is impossible:

o You cannot be serious.

We use couldn’t/could not to talk about the past:

o We knew it could not be true.

We use can to talk about someone’s skill or general abilities:

o She can speak several languages.

o Help. I can’t breathe.

We use could to talk about past time:

o She could speak several languages.

We use can to ask for permission to do something:

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could is more formal and polite than can:

o Could I ask a question please?

We use can to give permission:

o You can go home now if you like.

We use can to say that someone has permission to do something:

D) Instructions and requests:

o Could you take a message please?

can is less polite:

o Can you take a message please?

Offers and invitations:

We use can I … to make offers:

o Can I help you?

We sometimes say I can ... or I could ... to make an offer:

o I can do that for you if you like.

To Be Able To- to talk about ability

The basic structure for be able to is:

subject + be + able + to-

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o I have been able to swim since I was five. (present perfect)

Must and Have to

The basic structure for “have to” is:

subject + auxiliary + have + to-

subject auxiliary main verb to-infinitive

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Future simple I will have To work tomorrow

Present perfect I have had To change the time

Present She is having To wait

I must tell you something.

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o We must (need to) buy another ticket.

Mustn't expresses prohibition

“Don't have to expresses the absence of obligation or necessity:

o You should call your mother more often.

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Ways of cooking food

9. Flavors and tastes – adjectives and opposites

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Draught; full-bodied; mild; organic; roast; spicy; strong

1. A lot of people in Britain are buying ______________________ food these days.

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