Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
INTEGRALS
Here we provide tables of special indefinite integrals. As stated in the remarks on page 67, here a, b, p, q, n
are constants, restricted if indicated; e = 2.71828 . . . is the natural base of logarithms; ln u denotes the natural
logarithm of u, where it is assumed that u > 0 (in general, to extend formulas to cases where u < 0 as well, replace
ln u by ln |u|); all angles are in radians; and all constants of integration are omitted but implied. It is assumed in
all cases that division by zero is excluded.
Our integrals are divided into types which involve the following algebraic expressions and functions:
(1) ax + b (13) ax 2 + bx + c (25) eax
(2) ax + b (14) x3 + a3 (26) ln x
(3) ax + b and px + q (15) x 4 ± a4 (27) sinh ax
(4) ax + b and px + q (16) x n ± an (28) cosh ax
(5) ax + b and px + q (17) sin ax (29) sinh ax and cosh ax
(6) x2 + a2 (18) cos ax (30) tanh ax
(7) x2 – a2, with x2 > a2 (19) sin ax and cos ax (31) coth ax
(8) a2 – x2, with x2 < a2 (20) tan ax (32) sech ax
(9) x 2 + a2 (21) cot ax (33) csch ax
(10) x 2 − a2 (22) sec ax (34) inverse hyperbolic functions
(11) a2 − x 2 (23) csc ax
(12) ax2 + bx + c (24) inverse trigonometric functions
Some integrals contain the Bernouilli numbers Bn and the Euler numbers En defined in Chapter 23.
x dx b 1
17.1.7. ∫ (ax + b)2 = a 2 (ax + b) + a 2 ln (ax + b)
x 2 dx ax + b b2 2b
17.1.8. ∫ (ax + b) 2 =
a 3 − 3 −
a (ax + b) a 3
ln (ax + b)
dx 1 1 ⎛ x ⎞
17.1.9. ∫ x (ax + b) 2 = + ln
b(ax + b) b 2 ⎜⎝ ax + b⎟⎠
71
72 TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
dx −a 1 2a ⎛ ax + b⎞
17.1.10. ∫x 2
(ax + b) 2 = − 2 + 3 ln ⎜
b (ax + b) b x b
2
⎝ x ⎟⎠
dx −1
17.1.11. ∫ (ax + b) 3 =
2(ax + b)2
x dx −1 b
17.1.12. ∫ (ax + b) 3 = +
a 2 (ax + b) 2a 2 (ax + b)2
x 2 dx 2b b2 1
17.1.13. ∫ (ax + b) 3 = − 3 + ln (ax + b)
a (ax + b) 2a (ax + b)2 a 3
3
(ax + b)n+1
17.1.14. ∫ (ax + b) n
dx =
(n + 1)a
. If n = −1, see 17.1.1.
⎧ x m +1 (ax + b)n nb
⎪ m + n + 1 + m + n + 1 ∫ x (ax + b) dx
m n −1
⎪⎪ x m (ax + b)n+1 mb
17.1.17. ∫ x m
( ax + b ) n
dx = ⎨ (m + n + 1)a − (m + n + 1)a ∫ x (ax + b) dx
m −1 n
⎪ m +1
⎪− x (ax + b) + m + n + 2 x m (ax + b)n+1 dx
n +1
⎪⎩ (n + 1)b (n + 1)b ∫
x dx 2(ax − 2b)
17.2.2. ∫ ax + b
=
3a 2
ax + b
x 2 dx 2(3a 2 x 2 − 4 abx + 8b 2 )
17.2.3. ∫ ax + b
=
15a 3
ax + b
⎧ 1 ⎛ ax + b − b ⎞
⎪ ln ⎜ ⎟
dx ⎪ b ⎝ ax + b + b ⎠
17.2.4. ∫ =⎨
x ax + b ⎪ 2 ax + b
⎪ tan −1
⎩ −b −b
dx ax + b a dx
17.2.5. ∫x 2
ax + b
=−
bx
−
2b ∫x ax + b
(see 17.2.12.)
2 (ax + b)3
17.2.6. ∫ ax + b dx =
3a
2(3ax − 2b)
17.2.7. ∫x ax + b dx =
15a 2
(ax + b)3
TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 73
2(15a 2 x 2 − 12abx + 8b 2 )
17.2.8. ∫x 2
ax + b dx =
105a 3
(ax + b)3
ax + b dx
17.2.9. ∫ x
dx = 2 ax + b + b ∫x ax + b
(See 17.2.12.)
ax + b ax + b a dx
17.2.10. ∫ x 2
dx = −
x
+
2 ∫x ax + b
(See 17.2.12.)
xm 2 x m ax + b 2mb x m −1
17.2.11. ∫ ax + b
dx =
( 2 m + 1) a
−
( 2 m + 1)a ∫ ax + b
dx
dx ax + b (2m − 3)a dx
17.2.12. ∫x m
ax + b
=−
(m − 1)bx m −1 −
( 2m − 2)b ∫x m −1
ax + b
2x m 2mb
17.2.13. ∫x m
ax + b dx =
(2m + 3)a
(ax + b)3/ 2 −
(2m + 3)a ∫x m −1
ax + b dx
ax + b ax + b a dx
17.2.14. ∫ xm
dx = − +
(m − 1) x m −1 2(m − 1) ∫x m −1
ax + b
dx 1 ⎧ 1 p ⎛ px + q⎞ ⎫
17.3.3. ∫ (ax + b) ( px + q) = bp − aq ⎨⎩ax + b + bp − aq ln ⎜⎝ ax + b ⎟⎠ ⎬⎭
2
x dx 1 ⎧ q ⎛ ax + b ⎞ b ⎫
17.3.4. ∫ (ax + b) ( px + q) = bp − aq ⎨⎩bp − aq ln ⎜⎝ px + q⎟⎠ − a(ax + b) ⎬⎭
2
17.3.6. ∫ (ax + b)
dx
m =
−1
{
1
( px + q)n (n − 1)(bp − aq) (ax + b)m −1 ( px + q)n−1
+ a(m + n − 2) ∫ (ax + b)
dx
( px + q)n−1
m }
ax + b ax bp − aq
17.3.7. ∫ px + q dx = p
+
p2
ln( px + q)
⎧ 1 ⎛ p(ax + b) − bp − aq ⎞
⎪ ln ⎜ ⎟
dx ⎪ bp − aq p ⎝ p(ax + b) + bp − aq ⎠
17.4.2. ∫ ( px + q) ax + b ⎨
=
p(ax + b)
⎪ 2
⎪ tan −1
aq − bp
⎩ aq − bp p
⎧ 2 ax + b bp − aq ⎛ p(ax + b) − bp − aq ⎞
⎪ + ln ⎜ ⎟
ax + b ⎪ p p p ⎝ p(ax + b) + bp − aq ⎠
17.4.3. ∫ px + q
dx = ⎨
⎪ 2 ax + b 2 aq − bp p(ax + b)
⎪ − tan −1
p p p aq − bp
⎩
2( px + q)n+1 ax + b bp − aq ( px + q)n
17.4.4. ∫ ( px + q)n ax + b dx = (2n + 3) p
+
(2n + 3) p ∫ ax + b
dx ax + b (2n − 3)a dx
17.4.5. ∫ ( px + q) n
ax + b
=
(n − 1)(aq − bp)( px + q) n −1 +
2( n − 1)(aq − bp) ∫ ( px + q) n −1
ax + b
x dx (ax + b)( px + q) bp + aq dx
17.5.2. ∫ (ax + b)( px + q)
=
ap
−
2ap ∫ (ax + b)( px + q)
px + q (ax + b)( px + q) aq − bp dx
17.5.4. ∫ ax + b
dx =
a
+
2a ∫ (ax + b)( px + q)
dx 2 ax + b
17.5.5. ∫ ( px + q) =
(ax + b)( px + q) (aq − bp) px + q
x 3 dx x 2 a2
17.6.4. ∫x 2
+a 2 =
2
− ln ( x 2 + a 2 )
2
dx 1 ⎛ x2 ⎞
17.6.5. ∫ x(x 2
= ln ⎜ ⎟
+ a 2 ) 2a 2 ⎝ x 2 + a 2 ⎠
dx 1 1 x
17.6.6. ∫x 2
(x 2 + a2 )
= − 2 − 3 tan −1
a x a a
dx 1 1 ⎛ x2 ⎞
17.6.7. ∫ x (x3 2
+ a2 )
= − − ln ⎜ ⎟
2a 2 x 2 2a 4 ⎝ x 2 + a 2 ⎠
dx x 1 x
17.6.8. ∫ (x 2 = +
+ a 2 ) 2 2a 2 ( x 2 + a 2 ) 2a 3
tan −1
a
x dx −1
17.6.9. ∫ (x 2
+a )2 2 =
2( x + a 2 )
2
x 2 dx −x 1 x
17.6.10. ∫ (x 2 = +
+ a 2 )2 2( x 2 + a 2 ) 2a
tan −1
a
76 TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
x 3dx a2 1
17.6.11. ∫ ( x 2 + a 2 )2 2( x 2 + a 2 ) + 2 ln ( x 2 + a 2 )
=
dx 1 1 ⎛ x2 ⎞
17.6.12. ∫ = +
x ( x 2 + a 2 )2 2a 2 ( x 2 + a 2 ) 2a 4 ⎜⎝ x 2 + a 2 ⎟⎠
ln
dx 1 x 3 x
17.6.13. ∫x 2
( x 2 + a 2 )2
=− 4 − 4 2 −
a x 2a ( x + a 2 ) 2a 5
tan −1
a
dx 1 1 1 ⎛ x2 ⎞
17.6.14. ∫ 2 2 = −
x (x + a )
3 2 4 2 −
2a x 2 − 6 ln ⎜ 2
2a ( x + a ) a
4 2
⎝ x + a 2 ⎟⎠
dx x 2n − 3 dx
17.6.15. ∫ (x 2 = +
+ a 2 )n 2(n − 1)a 2 ( x 2 + a 2 )n−1 (2n − 2)a 2 ∫ (x 2
+ a 2 )n−1
x dx −1
17.6.16. ∫ (x 2 =
+ a 2 )n 2(n − 1)( x 2 + a 2 )n−1
dx 1 1 dx
17.6.17. ∫ x(x 2 = +
+ a 2 )n 2(n − 1)a 2 ( x 2 + a 2 )n−1 a 2 ∫ x(x 2
+ a 2 )n−1
x m dx x m − 2 dx x m − 2 dx
17.6.18. ∫ (x 2
+ a 2 )n
= ∫ (x 2
+ a 2 )n−1
− a2 ∫ (x 2
+ a 2 )n
dx 1 dx 1 dx
17.6.19. ∫x m =
( x 2 + a 2 )n a 2 ∫x m −
( x 2 + a 2 )n−1 a 2 ∫x m−2
( x 2 + a 2 )n
x dx 1
17.7.2. ∫x 2 = ln ( x 2 − a 2 )
− a2 2
x 2 dx a ⎛ x − a⎞
17.7.3. ∫ x −a
2 2 = x +
2 ⎜⎝ x + a⎟⎠
ln
x 3dx x 2 a2
17.7.4. ∫x 2
−a 2
=
2
+ ln ( x 2 − a 2 )
2
dx 1 ⎛ x 2 − a2 ⎞
17.7.5. ∫ =
x ( x 2 − a 2 ) 2a 2 ⎜⎝ x 2 ⎟⎠
ln
dx 1 1 ⎛ x − a⎞
17.7.6. ∫ x (x 2 2 = +
− a 2 ) a 2 x 2a 3 ⎜⎝ x + a⎟⎠
ln
dx 1 1 ⎛ x2 ⎞
17.7.7. ∫ = −
x 3( x 2 − a 2 ) 2a 2 x 2 2a 4 ⎜⎝ x 2 − a 2 ⎟⎠
ln
dx −x 1 ⎛ x − a⎞
17.7.8. ∫ (x 2 = −
− a 2 )2 2a 2 ( x 2 − a 2 ) 4 a 3 ⎜⎝ x + a⎟⎠
ln
TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 77
x dx −1
17.7.9. ∫ (x 2 =
− a 2 )2 2( x 2 − a 2 )
x 2 dx −x 1 ⎛ x − a⎞
17.7.10. ∫ ( x − a 2 )2 = 2( x 2 − a 2 ) + 4a ln ⎜⎝ x + a⎟⎠
2
x 3dx −a2 1
17.7.11. ∫ (x 2
−a )2 2
= + ln ( x 2 − a 2 )
2( x 2 − a 2 ) 2
dx −1 1 ⎛ x2 ⎞
17.7.12. ∫ = +
x ( x 2 − a 2 )2 2a 2 ( x 2 − a 2 ) 2a 4 ⎜⎝ x 2 − a 2 ⎟⎠
ln
dx 1 x 3 ⎛ x − a⎞
17.7.13. ∫ x (x 2 2
− a 2 )2
=− 4 − 4 2 −
a x 2a ( x − a 2 ) 4 a 5 ⎜⎝ x + a⎟⎠
ln
dx 1 1 1 ⎛ x2 ⎞
17.7.14. ∫ 2 2 = −
x (x − a )
3 2 4 2 −
2a x 2 + 6 ln ⎜ 2
2a ( x − a ) a
4 2
⎝ x − a 2 ⎟⎠
dx −x 2n − 3 dx
17.7.15. ∫ (x 2 = −
− a 2 )n 2(n − 1)a 2 ( x 2 − a 2 )n−1 (2n − 2)a 2 ∫ (x 2
− a 2 )n−1
x dx −1
17.7.16. ∫ (x 2 =
− a 2 )n 2(n − 1)( x 2 − a 2 )n−1
dx −1 1 dx
17.7.17. ∫ x(x 2 = −
− a 2 )n 2(n − 1)a 2 ( x 2 − a 2 )n−1 a 2 ∫ x(x 2
− a 2 )n−1
x m dx x m − 2 dx x m − 2 dx
17.7.18. ∫ ( x − a 2 )n =
2 ∫ ( x − a 2 )n−1 + a 2
2 ∫ ( x 2 − a 2 )n
dx 1 dx 1 dx
17.7.19. ∫x m 2 n =
(x − a )2
a2 ∫x m−2 2 2 n − 2
(x − a ) a ∫x m
( x − a 2 )n−1
2
x dx 1
17.8.2. ∫a 2
− x2
= − ln (a 2 − x 2 )
2
x 2 dx a ⎛ a + x⎞
17.8.3. ∫a 2
− x2
= − x + ln ⎜
2 ⎝ a − x ⎟⎠
x 3dx x 2 a2
17.8.4. ∫a 2
−x 2
= − − ln (a 2 − x 2 )
2 2
dx 1 ⎛ x2 ⎞
17.8.5. ∫ 2 =
x (a − x ) 2a
2 2 ln ⎜ 2
⎝ a − x 2 ⎟⎠
dx 1 1 ⎛ a + x⎞
17.8.6. ∫x 2
(a 2 − x 2 )
= − 2 + 3 ln ⎜
a x 2a ⎝ a − x ⎟⎠
78 TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
dx 1 1 ⎛ x2 ⎞
17.8.7. ∫ 2 = −
x (a − x )
3 2 2 2 +
2a x 2a 4 ln ⎜ 2
⎝ a − x 2 ⎟⎠
dx x 1 ⎛ a + x⎞
17.8.8. ∫ (a 2 = +
− x 2 )2 2a 2 (a 2 − x 2 ) 4a 3 ⎜⎝ a − x ⎟⎠
ln
x dx 1
17.8.9. ∫ (a 2 =
− x 2 )2 2(a 2 − x 2 )
x 2 dx x 1 ⎛ a + x⎞
17.8.10. ∫ (a 2 − x 2 )2 = 2(a 2 − x 2 ) − 4a ln ⎜⎝ a − x ⎟⎠
x 3dx a2 1
17.8.11. ∫ (a 2 − x 2 )2 2(a 2 − x 2 ) + 2 ln (a 2 − x 2 )
=
dx 1 1 ⎛ x2 ⎞
17.8.12. ∫ = +
x (a 2 − x 2 )2 2a 2 (a 2 − x 2 ) 2a 4 ⎜⎝ a 2 − x 2 ⎟⎠
ln
dx −1 x 3 ⎛ a + x⎞
17.8.13. ∫ x (a
2 2 2 2 =
−x )
+ 4 2 2 +
a x 2a (a − x ) 4 a
4 5 ln ⎜
⎝ a − x ⎟⎠
dx −1 1 1 ⎛ x2 ⎞
17.8.14. ∫ x (a
3 2 2 2 =
−x ) 4 2 +
2a x 2 + 6 ln ⎜ 2
2a (a − x ) a
4 2
⎝ a − x 2 ⎟⎠
dx x 2n − 3 dx
17.8.15. ∫ (a 2 2 n =
−x ) 2 n −1 +
2(n − 1)a (a − x )
2 2
(2n − 2)a 2 ∫ (a 2
− x 2 )n−1
x dx 1
17.8.16. ∫ (a 2 =
− x 2 )n 2(n − 1)(a 2 − x 2 )n−1
dx 1 1 dx
17.8.17. ∫ x (a 2 = +
− x 2 )n 2(n − 1)a 2 (a 2 − x 2 )n−1 a 2 ∫ x (a 2
− x 2 )n−1
x m dx x m − 2 dx x m − 2 dx
17.8.18. ∫ (a 2
− x 2 )n
= a2 ∫ (a2
− x 2 )n
− ∫ (a 2
− x 2 )n−1
dx 1 dx 1 dx
17.8.19. ∫x m =
(a 2 − x 2 ) n a 2 ∫x m +
(a 2 − x 2 )n−1 a 2 ∫x m−2
(a 2 − x 2 ) n
x 2 dx x x 2 + a2 a2
17.9.3. ∫ x 2 + a2
=
2
− ln( x + x 2 + a 2 )
2
x 3 dx ( x 2 + a 2 )3 / 2
17.9.4. ∫ x 2 + a2
=
3
− a2 x 2 + a2
TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 79
dx 1 ⎛ a + x 2 + a2 ⎞
17.9.5. ∫x x 2 + a2
= − ln
a ⎜⎝ x ⎟
⎠
dx x 2 + a2
17.9.6. ∫x 2
x +a
2 2
=−
a2 x
dx x 2 + a2 1 ⎛ a + x 2 + a2 ⎞
17.9.7. ∫x 3
x +a
2 2
=−
2a x2 2 + 3 ln ⎜
2a ⎝ x ⎟
⎠
x x 2
+ a 2
a 2
17.9.8. ∫ x 2 + a 2 dx = 2 + 2 ln ( x + x 2 + a 2 )
( x 2 + a 2 )3 / 2
17.9.9. ∫ x x 2 + a 2 dx = 3
x ( x 2 + a 2 )3 / 2 a 2 x x 2 + a 2 a 4
17.9.10. ∫ x 2 x 2 + a 2 dx = 4
−
8
− ln ( x + x 2 + a 2 )
8
( x 2 + a 2 )5 / 2 a 2 ( x 2 + a 2 )3 / 2
17.9.11. ∫x 3
x 2 + a 2 dx =
5
−
3
x 2 + a2 ⎛ a + x 2 + a2 ⎞
17.9.12. ∫ x
dx = x 2 + a 2 − a ln ⎜
⎝ x ⎟
⎠
x 2 + a2 x 2 + a2
17.9.13. ∫ x2
dx = −
x
+ ln ( x + x 2 + a 2 )
x 2 + a2 x 2 + a2 1 ⎛ a + x 2 + a2 ⎞
17.9.14. ∫ x 3 dx = −
2x 2 − ln
2a ⎜⎝ x ⎟
⎠
dx x
17.9.15. ∫ (x 2 =
+ a 2 )3 / 2 a 2 x 2 + a 2
x dx −1
17.9.16. ∫ (x 2
+ a 2 )3 / 2
=
x 2 + a2
x 2 dx −x
17.9.17. ∫ ( x 2 + a 2 )3 / 2 = x + a2
2
+ ln ( x + x 2 + a 2 )
x 3 dx a2
17.9.18. ∫ (x 2
+ a 2 )3 / 2
= x 2 + a2 +
x + a2
2
dx 1 1 ⎛ a + x 2 + a2 ⎞
17.9.19. ∫ 2 3/ 2 =
x(x + a )2 −
a2 x 2 + a2 a
3 ln ⎜
⎝ x ⎟
⎠
dx x 2 + a2 x
17.9.20. ∫ x (x + a )
2 2 2 3/ 2 = − 4
a x
− 4 2
a x + a2
dx −1 3 3 ⎛ a + x 2 + a2 ⎞
17.9.21. ∫ = − + ln
x 3( x 2 + a 2 )3/ 2 2a 2 x 2 x 2 + a 2 2a 4 x 2 + a 2 2a 5 ⎜⎝ x ⎟
⎠
x ( x 2 + a 2 )3/ 2 3a 2 x x 2 + a 2 3 4
17.9.22. ∫ (x 2
+ a 2 )3/ 2 dx =
4
+
8
+ a ln ( x + x 2 + a 2 )
8
( x 2 + a 2 )5 / 2
17.9.23. ∫ x ( x 2 + a 2 )3/ 2 dx = 5
80 TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
x ( x 2 + a 2 )5 / 2 a 2 x ( x 2 + a 2 )3 / 2 a 4 x x 2 + a 2 a 6
17.9.24. ∫ x (x 2 2
+ a 2 )3/ 2 dx =
6
−
24
−
16
− ln ( x + x 2 + a 2 )
16
( x 2 + a 2 ) 7 / 2 a 2 ( x 2 + a 2 )5 / 2
17.9.25. ∫ x (x 3 2
+ a 2 )3/ 2 dx =
7
−
5
( x 2 + a 2 )3 / 2 ( x 2 + a 2 )3 / 2 ⎛ a + x 2 + a2 ⎞
17.9.26. ∫ x
dx =
3
+ a 2 x 2 + a 2 − a 3 ln ⎜
⎝ x ⎟
⎠
( x 2 + a 2 )3 / 2 ( x 2 + a 2 )3 / 2 3 x x 2 + a 2 3 2
17.9.27. ∫ x 2
dx = −
x
+
2
+ a ln ( x + x 2 + a 2 )
2
( x 2 + a 2 )3 / 2 ( x 2 + a 2 )3 / 2 3 2 3 ⎛ a + x 2 + a2 ⎞
17.9.28. ∫ x 3 dx = −
2x 2 +
2
x + a 2 − a ln ⎜
2 ⎝ x ⎟
⎠
dx x dx
17.10.1. ∫ x −a2 2
= ln ( x + x 2 − a 2 ), ∫ x −a
2 2
= x 2 − a2
x 2 dx x x 2 − a2 a2
17.10.2. ∫ x −a
2 2
=
2
+ ln ( x + x 2 − a 2 )
2
x 3 dx ( x 2 − a 2 )3 / 2
17.10.3. ∫ x 2 − a2
=
3
+ a2 x 2 − a2
dx 1 x
17.10.4. ∫x x 2 − a2
=
a
sec −1
a
dx x 2 − a2
17.10.5. ∫x 2
x 2 − a2
=
a2 x
dx x 2 − a2 1 x
17.10.6. ∫x 3
x 2 − a2
=
2a 2 x 2
+ 3 sec −1
2a a
x x 2 − a2 a2
17.10.7. ∫ x 2 − a 2 dx =
2
− ln ( x + x 2 − a 2 )
2
( x 2 − a 2 )3 / 2
17.10.8. ∫x x 2 − a 2 dx =
3
x ( x 2 − a 2 )3 / 2 a 2 x x 2 − a 2 a 4
17.10.9. ∫x 2
x 2 − a 2 dx =
4
+
8
−
8
ln ( x + x 2 − a 2 )
( x 2 − a 2 )5 / 2 a 2 ( x 2 − a 2 )3 / 2
17.10.10. ∫x 3
x 2 − a 2 dx =
5
+
3
x 2 − a2 x
17.10.11. ∫ x
dx = x 2 − a 2 − a sec −1
a
x 2 − a2 x 2 − a2
17.10.12. ∫ x 2 dx = −
x
+ ln ( x + x 2 − a 2 )
TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 81
x 2 − a2 x 2 − a2 1 x
17.10.13. ∫ x 3
dx = −
2x 2
+
2a
sec −1
a
dx x
17.10.14. ∫ (x 2
− a 2 )3 / 2
=− 2 2
a x − a2
x dx −1
17.10.15. ∫ (x 2
− a 2 )3 / 2
=
x 2 − a2
x 2dx x
17.10.16. ∫ ( x 2 − a 2 )3/ 2 = − x 2 − a 2 + ln ( x + x 2 − a 2 )
x 3 dx a2
17.10.17. ∫ (x 2
− a 2 )3 / 2
= x 2 − a2 −
x 2 − a2
dx −1 1 x
17.10.18. ∫ x(x 2
−a )
2 3/ 2
=
a x −a
2 2 2
− 3 sec −1
a a
dx x 2 − a2 x
17.10.19. ∫x 2 2 3/ 2 = −
(x − a )2
a4 x
− 4 2
a x − a2
dx 1 3 3 x
17.10.20. ∫x 3
(x − a )2
2 3/ 2
=
2a x x − a
2 2 2 2
−
2a x − a
4 2 2
− 5 sec −1
2a a
x ( x 2 − a 2 )3/ 2 3a 2 x x 2 − a 2 3 4
17.10.21. ∫ (x 2
− a 2 )3/ 2 dx =
4
−
8
+ a ln ( x + x 2 − a 2 )
8
( x 2 − a 2 )5 / 2
17.10.22. ∫ x ( x 2 − a 2 )3/ 2 dx = 5
x ( x 2 − a 2 )5 / 2 a 2 x ( x 2 − a 2 )3 / 2 a 4 x x 2 − a 2 a 6
17.10.23. ∫ x 2 ( x 2 − a 2 )3/ 2 dx = 6
+
24
−
16
+ ln ( x + x 2 − a 2 )
16
( x 2 − a 2 ) 7 / 2 a 2 ( x 2 − a 2 )5 / 2
17.10.24. ∫x 3
( x 2 − a 2 )3/ 2 dx =
7
+
5
( x 2 − a 2 )3 / 2 ( x 2 − a 2 )3 / 2 x
17.10.25. ∫ x
dx =
3
− a 2 x 2 − a 2 + a 3 sec −1
a
( x 2 − a 2 )3 / 2 ( x 2 − a 2 )3 / 2 3 x x 2 − a 2 3 2
17.10.26. ∫ x 2 dx = −
x
+
2
− a ln ( x + x 2 − a 2 )
2
( x 2 − a 2 )3 / 2 ( x 2 − a 2 )3 / 2 3 x 2 − a 2 3 x
17.10.27. ∫ x3 dx = −
2x 2
+
2
− a sec −1
2 a
x dx
17.11.2. ∫ a2 − x 2
= − a2 − x 2
82 TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
x 2 dx x a2 − x 2 a2 x
17.11.3. ∫ a −x
2 2
= −
2
+ sin −1
2 a
x 3 dx (a 2 − x 2 )3 / 2
17.11.4. ∫ a −x
2 2
=
3
− a2 a2 − x 2
dx 1 ⎛ a + a2 − x 2 ⎞
17.11.5. ∫ x a2 − x 2
= − ln
a ⎜⎝ x ⎟
⎠
dx a2 − x 2
17.11.6. ∫x 2
a2 − x 2
= −
a2 x
dx a2 − x 2 1 ⎛ a + a2 − x 2 ⎞
17.11.7. ∫x 3
a2 − x 2
= − 2
2a x 2 −
2a 3 ln ⎜
⎝ x ⎟
⎠
x a2 − x 2 a2 x
17.11.8. ∫ a 2 − x 2 dx =
2
+ sin −1
2 a
(a 2 − x 2 ) 3 / 2
17.11.9. ∫x a 2 − x 2 dx = −
3
x (a 2 − x 2 ) 3 / 2 a 2 x a 2 − x 2 a 4 x
17.11.10. ∫x 2
a 2 − x 2 dx = −
4
+
8
+ sin −1
8 a
(a 2 − x 2 ) 5 / 2 a 2 (a 2 − x 2 ) 3 / 2
17.11.11. ∫x 3
a 2 − x 2 dx =
5
−
3
a2 − x 2 ⎛ a + a2 − x 2 ⎞
17.11.12. ∫ x
dx = a 2 − x 2 − a ln ⎜
⎝ x ⎟
⎠
a2 − x 2 a2 − x 2 x
17.11.13. ∫ x 2 dx = −
x
− sin −1
a
a2 − x 2 a2 − x 2 1 ⎛ a + a2 − x 2 ⎞
17.11.14. ∫ x 3 dx = −
2x 2 + ln
2a ⎜⎝ x ⎟
⎠
dx x
17.11.15. ∫ (a 2 2 3/ 2 =
−x ) a a2 − x 2
2
x dx 1
17.11.16. ∫ (a 2
− x 2 )3 / 2
=
a − x2
2
x 2 dx x x
17.11.17. ∫ (a 2
− x 2 )3 / 2
=
a −x
2 2
− sin −1
a
x 3 dx a2
17.11.18. ∫ (a − x )
22 3 / 2 = a 2
− x 2
+
a2 − x 2
dx 1 1 ⎛ a + a2 − x 2 ⎞
17.11.19. ∫ x (a 2 2 3/ 2 =
−x ) a a −x
2 2 2
− 3 ln ⎜
a ⎝ x ⎟
⎠
dx a2 − x 2 x
17.11.20. ∫ x (a − x )
2 2 2 3/ 2 = − 4
a x
+ 4 2
a a − x2
dx −1 3 3 ⎛ a + a2 − x 2 ⎞
17.11.21. ∫x 3 2 3/ 2 =
(a − x )2 + −
2a 2 x 2 a 2 − x 2 2a 4 a 2 − x 2 2a
5 ln ⎜
⎝ x ⎟
⎠
TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 83
x (a 2 − x 2 )3/ 2 3a 2 x a 2 − x 2 3 4 −1 x
17.11.22. ∫ (a 2
− x 2 )3/ 2 dx =
4
+
8
+ a sin
8 a
(a 2 − x 2 )5 / 2
17.11.23. ∫ x (a 2
− x 2 )3/ 2 dx = −
5
x (a 2 − x 2 ) 5 / 2 a 2 x (a 2 − x 2 ) 3 / 2 a 4 x a 2 − x 2 a 6 x
17.11.24. ∫ x 2 (a 2 − x 2 )3/ 2 dx = − 6
+
24
+
16
+ sin −1
16 a
(a 2 − x 2 ) 7 / 2 a 2 (a 2 − x 2 ) 5 / 2
17.11.25. ∫x 3
(a 2 − x 2 )3/ 2 dx =
7
−
5
(a 2 − x 2 )3 / 2 (a 2 − x 2 )3 / 2 ⎛ a + a2 − x 2 ⎞
17.11.26. ∫ x dx =
3
+ a 2
a 2
− x 2
− a 3
ln ⎜
⎝ x ⎟
⎠
(a 2 − x 2 )3 / 2 (a 2 − x 2 )3/ 2 3x a 2 − x 2 3 2 −1 x
17.11.27. ∫ x 2
dx = −
x
−
2
− a sin
2 a
(a 2 − x 2 )3 / 2 (a 2 − x 2 )3 / 2 3 a 2 − x 2 3 ⎛ a + a2 − x 2 ⎞
17.11.28. ∫ x 3 dx = −
2x 2 −
2
+ a ln ⎜
2 ⎝ x ⎟
⎠
x 2 dx x b b 2 − 2ac dx
17.12.3. ∫ ax 2 + bx + c a 2a 2
= − ln ( ax 2
+ bx + c ) +
2a 2 ∫ ax 2
+ bx + c
x m dx x m −1 c x m − 2 dx b x m−1dx
17.12.4. ∫ ax + bx + c (m − 1)a − a
2 = ∫ ax + bx + c − a
2 ∫ ax + bx + c
2
dx 1 ⎛ x2 ⎞ b dx
17.12.5. ∫ x (ax 2 = ln ⎜ 2 −
+ bx + c) 2c ⎝ ax + bx + c⎟⎠ 2c ∫ ax 2
+ bx + c
dx b ⎛ ax 2 + bx + c⎞ 1 b 2 − 2ac dx
17.12.6. ∫x 2 2= 2 ln ⎜
(ax + bx + c) 2c ⎝ x2 ⎟⎠ − cx + 2c 2 ∫ ax 2
+ bx + c
dx 1 b dx a dx
17.12.7. ∫x n
(ax + bx + c)
2 =−
(n − 1)cx n −1 −
c ∫x n −1 −
(ax + bx + c) c
2 ∫x n− 2
(ax + bx + c)
2
dx 2ax + b 2a dx
17.12.8. ∫ (ax 2
+ bx + c) 2 = +
(4 ac − b )(ax + bx + c) 4 ac − b 2
2 2 ∫ ax 2
+ bx + c
x dx bx + 2c b dx
17.12.9. ∫ (ax 2
+ bx + c)2
=− −
(4 ac − b 2 )(ax 2 + bx + c) 4 ac − b 2 ∫ ax 2
+ bx + c
84 TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
x 2 dx (b 2 − 2ac) x + bc 2c dx
17.12.10. ∫ (ax 2
+ bx + c) 2 = +
a(4 ac − b 2 )(ax 2 + bx + c) 4 ac − b 2 ∫ ax 2
+ bx + c
x m dx x m −1 (m − 1)c x m − 2 dx
17.12.11. ∫ (ax 2
+ bx + c) n = − +
(2n − m − 1)a(ax 2 + bx + c)n−1 (2n − m − 1)a ∫ (ax 2
+ bx + c)n
(n − m )b x m −1dx
−
(2n − m − 1)a ∫ (ax + bx + c)n
2
dx 1 3a dx 2b dx
17.12.14. ∫x 2
(ax 2 + bx + c)2
=− −
cx (ax 2 + bx + c) c ∫ (ax 2
+ bx + c)2
−
c ∫ x (ax 2
+ bx + c)2
dx 1 (m + 2n − 3)a dx
17.12.15. ∫x m
(ax + bx + c)
2 n = −
(m − 1)cx (ax + bx + c)
m −1 2 n −1 −
(m − 1)c ∫x m−2
(ax + bx + c)n
2
(m + n − 2)b dx
−
(m − 1)c ∫x m −1
(ax + bx + c)n
2
⎧ 1
⎪⎪ a ln (2 a ax + bx + c + 2ax + b)
2
dx
17.13.1. ∫ =⎨
ax 2 + bx + c ⎪− 1 sin −1 ⎛ 2ax + b ⎞ or 1 sinh −1 ⎛ 2ax + b ⎞
⎪⎩ − a ⎜⎝ b 2 − 4 ac ⎟⎠ a ⎜⎝ 4 ac − b 2 ⎟⎠
x dx ax 2 + bx + c b dx
17.13.2. ∫ ax + bx + c
2
=
a
−
2a ∫ ax + bx + c
2
x 2 dx 2ax − 3b 3b 2 − 4 ac dx
17.13.3. ∫ ax 2 + bx + c
=
4a 2
ax 2
+ bx + c +
8a 2 ∫ ax + bx + c
2
⎧ 1 ⎛ 2 c ax 2 + bx + c + bx + 2c⎞
⎪− ln ⎜
x ⎟
dx ⎪ c ⎝ ⎠
17.13.4. ∫ 2
= ⎨
x ax + bx + c ⎪ 1 ⎛ bx + 2c ⎞ 1 ⎛ bx + 2c ⎞
⎪ −c sin ⎜⎝ | x | b 2 − 4 ac ⎟⎠ or − c sinh ⎜⎝ | x | 4 ac − b 2 ⎟⎠
−1 −1
dx ax 2 + bx + c b dx
17.13.5. ∫x 2
ax + bx + c
2
=−
cx
−
2c ∫x ax 2 + bx + c
(2ax + b) ax 2 + bx + c 4 ac − b 2 dx
17.13.6. ∫ ax 2 + bx + c dx =
4a
+
8a ∫ ax 2 + bx + c
TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 85
b(4 ac − b 2 ) dx
−
16a 2 ∫ ax 2 + bx + c
6ax − 5b 5b 2 − 4 ac
17.13.8. ∫ x 2 ax 2 + bx + c dx = 24 a 2
( ax 2
+ bx + c ) 3/ 2
+
16a 2 ∫ ax 2 + bx + c dx
ax 2 + bx + c b dx dx
17.13.9. ∫ x
dx = ax 2 + bx + c +
2 ∫ ax + bx + c
2
+c ∫x ax + bx + c
2
ax 2 + bx + c ax 2 + bx + c dx b dx
17.13.10. ∫ x 2
dx = −
x
+a ∫ ax + bx + c
2
+
2 ∫x ax + bx + c
2
dx 2(2ax + b)
17.13.11. ∫ (ax 2 =
+ bx + c)3/ 2 (4 ac − b 2 ) ax 2 + bx + c
x dx 2(bx + 2c)
17.13.12. ∫ (ax 2 =
+ bx + c)3/ 2 (b 2 − 4 ac) ax 2 + bx + c
dx 1 1 dx b dx
17.13.14. ∫ x (ax 2 = +
+ bx + c)3/ 2 c ax 2 + bx + c c ∫x ax + bx + c
2
−
2c ∫ (ax 2
+ bx + c)3/ 2
dx ax 2 + 2bx + c b 2 − 2ac dx
17.13.15. ∫ x (ax + bx + c)
2 2 3/ 2 = − 2
c x ax 2 + bx + c
+
2c 2 ∫ (ax 2
+ bx + c)3/ 2
3b dx
−
2c 2 ∫x ax 2 + bx + c
(ax 2 + bx + c)n+3/ 2 b
17.13.17. ∫ x (ax 2 + bx + c)n+1/ 2 dx = a(2n + 3)
−
2a ∫ (ax 2
+ bx + c)n+1/ 2 dx
dx 2(2ax + b)
17.13.18. ∫ (ax 2 =
+ bx + c)n+1/ 2 (2n − 1)(4 ac − b 2 )(ax 2 + bx + c)n−1/ 2
8a(n − 1) dx
+
(2n − 1)(4 ac − b 2 ) ∫ (ax 2
+ bx + c)n−1/ 2
dx 1
17.13.19. ∫ x (ax 2 =
+ bx + c)n+1/ 2 (2n − 1)c(ax 2 + bx + c)n−1/ 2
1 dx b dx
+
c ∫ x (ax 2 −
+ bx + c)n−1/ 2 2c ∫ (ax 2
+ bx + c)n+1/22
86 TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
dx 1 ⎛ x3 ⎞
17.14.4. ∫ x(x 3 3 =
+ a ) 3a 3 ln ⎜ 3
⎝ x + a 3 ⎟⎠
dx 1 1 ⎛ x 2 − ax + a 2 ⎞ 1 2x − a
17.14.5. ∫ x (x + a )
2 3 3
= − 3
−
a x 6a 4
ln ⎜
⎝ ( x + a) ⎠ a 3
2 ⎟ −
4
tan −1
a 3
dx x 1 ⎛ ( x + a) 2 ⎞ 2 2x − a
17.14.6. ∫ (x 3
+a )
3 2
= 3 3 + 5 ln ⎜ 2
3a ( x + a ) 9a
3
+
⎝ x − ax + a 2 ⎟⎠ 3a 5 3
tan −1
a 3
x dx x2 1 ⎛ x 2 − ax + a 2 ⎞ 1 2x − a
17.14.7. ∫ (x 3
+a )3 2
= 3 3 +
3a ( x + a ) 18a
3 4
ln ⎜ +
⎝ ( x + a)2 ⎟⎠ 3a 4 3
tan −1
a 3
x 2 dx 1
17.14.8. ∫ ( x 3 + a3 )2 = − 3( x 3 + a3 )
dx 1 1 ⎛ x3 ⎞
17.14.9. ∫ x(x 3 3 2 =
+a ) 3 +
3a ( x + a ) 3a
3 3 6 ln ⎜ 3
⎝ x + a 3 ⎟⎠
dx 1 x2 4 x dx
17.14.10. ∫ x (x + a )
2 3 3 2
= − − − 6
a x 3a ( x + a ) 3a
6 6 3 3 ∫x 3
+ a3
(See 17.14.2.)
x m dx x m−2 x m −3dx
17.14.11. ∫ =
x 3 + a3 m − 2
− a 3
∫ x 3 + a3
dx −1 1 dx
17.14.12. ∫x n = −
( x 3 + a 3 ) a 3 (n − 1) x n−1 a 3 ∫x n−3
( x 3 + a3 )
dx 1 ⎛ x 2 + ax 2 + a 2 ⎞ 1 ⎡ −1 ⎛ x 2 ⎞ ⎛ x 2⎞⎤
17.15.1. ∫x 4
+a 4 = 3
ln ⎜ 2 2 ⎟ − 3
4 a 2 ⎝ x − ax 2 + a ⎠ 2a 2 ⎣⎢
⎢tan ⎜1 −
⎝ ⎟
a ⎠
− tan −1 ⎜1 +
⎝ a ⎟⎠ ⎥⎥
⎦
2
x dx 1 −1 x
17.15.2. ∫x 4
+a 4 =
2a 2 tan
a 2
x 2 dx 1 ⎛ x 2 − ax 2 + a 2 ⎞ 1 ⎡ −1 ⎛ x 2 ⎞ ⎛ x 2⎞⎤
17.15.3. ∫ x +a
4 4 = ln ⎜ 2 2⎟
−
4 a 2 ⎝ x + ax 2 + a ⎠ 2a 2 ⎢⎣
⎢tan ⎜1 − a ⎟ − tan −1 ⎜1 + a ⎟ ⎥
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥⎦
TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 87
x 3 dx 1
17.15.4. ∫x 4 = ln ( x 4 + a 4 )
+ a4 4
dx 1 ⎛ x4 ⎞
17.15.5. ∫ x(x 4 4 =
+ a ) 4a 4 ln ⎜ 4
⎝ x + a 4 ⎟⎠
dx 1 1 ⎛ x 2 − ax 2 + a 2 ⎞
17.15.6. ∫ 4 = − 4
x (x + a )
2
4 − 5 ln ⎜ 2
a x 4 a 2 ⎝ x + ax 2 + a 2 ⎟⎠
1 ⎡ −1 ⎛ x 2 ⎞ ⎛ x 2⎞⎤
+ ⎢tan ⎜1 − a ⎟ − tan −1 ⎜1 + a ⎟ ⎥
2a 5
2 ⎢⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥⎦
2
dx 1 1 −1 x
17.15.7. ∫x 3 4 4 = −
(x + a ) 4 2 −
2a x 2a 6 tan
a 2
dx 1 ⎛ x − a⎞ 1 x
17.15.8. ∫x 4 = −
− a 4 4 a 3 ⎜⎝ x + a⎟⎠ 2a 3
ln tan −1
a
x dx 1 ⎛ x 2 − a2 ⎞
17.15.9. ∫x 4
−a 4 =
4a 2 ln ⎜ 2
⎝ x + a 2 ⎟⎠
x 2 dx 1 ⎛ x − a⎞ 1 x
17.15.10. ∫ = +
x 4 − a 4 4 a ⎜⎝ x + a⎟⎠ 2a
ln tan −1
a
x 3dx 1
17.15.11. ∫x 4
= ln ( x 4 − a 4 )
− a4 4
dx 1 ⎛ x 4 − a4 ⎞
17.15.12. ∫ 4 =
x ( x − a ) 4a
4 4 ln ⎜
⎝ x 4 ⎟⎠
dx 1 1 ⎛ x − a⎞ 1 x
17.15.13. ∫x 3 = + +
( x 4 − a 4 ) a 4 x 4 a 5 ⎜⎝ x + a⎟⎠ 2a 5
ln tan −1
a
dx 1 1 ⎛ x 2 − a2 ⎞
17.15.14. ∫ 4 = 4 2 +
x ( x − a ) 2a x
34
4a 6 ln ⎜ 2
⎝ x + a 2 ⎟⎠
dx 1 ⎛ x n + an − an ⎞
17.16.5. ∫x = ln
x n + a n n a n ⎜⎝ x n + a n + a n ⎟⎠
dx 1 ⎛ x n − an ⎞
17.16.6. ∫ n =
x ( x − a ) na
n n ln ⎜
⎝ x n ⎟⎠
88 TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
x n −1dx 1
17.16.7. ∫x n
= ln ( x n − a n )
− an n
x m dx x m − n dx x m − n dx
17.16.8. ∫ (x − a )
n n r = a n
∫ ( x − a ) ∫ ( x − a n )r −1
n n r + n
dx 1 dx 1 dx
17.16.9. ∫x m
(x − a )
n n r
= n
a ∫x m−n
(x − a )
n n r
− n
a ∫x m
( x − a n )r −
n
dx 2 an
17.16.10. ∫x x n − an
=
n an
cos −1
xn
x p−1dx 1 m
(2k − 1) pπ ⎛ x + a cos[(2k − 1)π /2m]⎞
∫x 2m− p ∑
17.16.11. = sin tan −1 ⎜
2m
+a 2m
ma k =1 2 m ⎝ a sin[(2k − 1)π /2m] ⎟⎠
1 m
(2k − 1) pπ ⎛ 2 (2k − 1)π ⎞
− ∑
2ma 2 m − p k =1
cos
2m
ln ⎜ x + 2ax cos
⎝ 2 m
+ a 2⎟
⎠
x p−1dx 1 m −1
kpπ ⎛ 2 kπ ⎞
∫x 2m− p ∑
17.16.12. = cos ln ⎜ x − 2ax cos + a 2⎟
2m
−a 2m
2ma k =1 m ⎝ m ⎠
1
+ {ln ( x − a) + (−1) p ln ( x + a)}
2ma 2 m − p
where 0 < p 2m.
(−1) p−1 m
pπ ⎛ 2
2kp 2kπ ⎞
2 m − p+1 ∑
− cos ln ⎜ x + 2ax cos + a 2⎟
(2m + 1)a k =1 2m + 1 ⎝ 2m + 1 ⎠
where 0 < p 2m + 1.
x p−1dx −2 m
2kpπ ⎛ x − a cos[2kπ /(2m + 1)]⎞
17.16.14. ∫ x 2 m +1
−a 2 m +1
=
(2m + 1)a 2 m − p+1 ∑
k =1
sin
2m + 1
tan −1 ⎜
⎝ a sin[2kπ /(2m + 1)] ⎟⎠
1 m
2kpπ ⎛ 2 2kπ ⎞
+
(2m + 1)a 2 m − p+1 ∑
k =1
cos ln ⎜ x − 2ax cos
2m + 1 ⎝ 2m + 1
+ a 2⎟
⎠
ln ( x − a)
+
(2m + 1)a 2 m − p+1
where 0 < p 2m + 1.
TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 89
2x ⎛ 2 x2 ⎞
17.17.3. ∫x 2
sin ax dx =
a 2 sin ax + ⎜ 3 −
⎝a a ⎟⎠
cos ax
⎛ 3x 2 6 ⎞ ⎛ 6x x 3 ⎞
17.17.4. ∫x 3
sin ax dx = ⎜ 2 − 4 ⎟ sin ax + ⎜ 3 − ⎟ cos ax
⎝a a ⎠ ⎝a a⎠
dx 1 1 ax
17.17.7. ∫ sin ax = α ln(csc ax − cot ax ) = α ln tan 2
dx 1
17.17.13. ∫ sin 2
ax
= − cot ax
a
dx cos ax 1 ax
17.17.14. ∫ sin 3
ax
=− +
2a sin 2 ax 2a
ln tan
2
sin ( p − q) x sin ( p + q) x
17.17.15. ∫ sin px sin qx dx = 2( p − q)
−
2( p + q)
(If p = ± q, see 17.17.9.)
dx 1 ⎛π ax ⎞
17.17.16. ∫ 1 − sin ax = a tan ⎜⎝ 4 + 2 ⎟⎠
x dx x ⎛π ax ⎞ 2 ⎛ π ax ⎞
17.17.17. ∫ 1 − sin ax = a tan ⎜⎝ 4 + + ln sin ⎜ − ⎟
2 ⎟⎠ a 2 ⎝4 2 ⎠
dx 1 ⎛π ax ⎞
17.17.18. ∫ 1 + sin ax = − α tan ⎜⎝ 4 − 2 ⎟⎠
x dx x ⎛π ax ⎞ 2 ⎛ π ax ⎞
17.17.19. ∫ 1 + sin ax = − a tan ⎜⎝ 4 − + ln sin ⎜ + ⎟
2 ⎟⎠ a 2 ⎝4 2 ⎠
90 TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
dx 1 ⎛ π ax ⎞ 1 ⎛ π ax ⎞
17.17.20. ∫ (1 − sin ax) 2 =
2a
tan ⎜ + ⎟ +
⎝ 4 2 ⎠ 6 a
tan 3 ⎜ + ⎟
⎝4 2 ⎠
dx 1 ⎛ π ax ⎞ 1 ⎛ π ax ⎞
17.17.21. ∫ (1 + sin ax ) 2
=−
2a
tan ⎜ − ⎟ −
⎝ 4 2 ⎠ 6a
tan 3 ⎜ − ⎟
⎝4 2 ⎠
⎧ −1 p tan 2 ax + q
1
2
⎪a p2 − q 2 tan
p2 − q 2
dx ⎪
17.17.22. ∫ =
p + q sin ax ⎨ ⎛ p tan 12 ax + q − q 2 − p2 ⎞
⎪ 1
⎪ ln ⎜ ⎟
⎩a q − p ⎝ p tan 12 ax + q + q 2 − p2 ⎠
2 2
dx q cos ax p dx
17.17.23. ∫ ( p + q sin ax) 2 = +
a( p2 − q 2 )( p + q sin ax ) p2 − q 2 ∫ p + q sin ax
(If p = ± q, see 17.17.20 and 17.17.21.)
dx 1 p2 + q 2 tan ax
17.17.24. ∫p 2 =
+ q 2 sin 2 ax ap p2 + q 2
tan −1
p
⎧ 1 −1
p2 − q 2 tan ax
⎪ tan
p
⎪ ap p − q
2 2
dx
17.17.25. ∫ p − q sin ax
2 2 2 =⎨
⎛ q 2 − p2 tan ax + p⎞
⎪ 1
ln
⎪ ⎜ 2 ⎟
⎩2ap q − p ⎝ q − p2 tan ax − p⎠
2 2
dx − cos ax n−2 dx
17.17.29. ∫ sin n = +
ax a(n − 1) sin ax n − 1
n −1 ∫ sin n− 2
ax
x dx − x cos ax 1 n−2 x dx
17.17.30. ∫ sin n = − +
ax a(n − 1) sin n−1 ax a 2 (n − 1)(n − 2) sin n− 2 ax n − 1 ∫ sin n− 2
ax
⎛ 3x 2 6 ⎞ ⎛ x 3 6x⎞
17.18.4. ∫ x 3
cos ax dx = ⎜
⎝a 2 −
a ⎠
4 ⎟ cos ax + ⎜⎝ a − a 3 ⎟⎠ sin ax
dx 1 1 ⎛π ax ⎞
17.18.7. ∫ cos ax = a ln (sec ax + tan ax ) = a ln tan ⎜⎝ 4 + 2 ⎟⎠
dx tan ax
17.18.13. ∫ cos 2
ax
=
a
dx sin ax 1 ⎛ π ax ⎞
17.18.14. ∫ cos 3 = +
ax 2a cos 2 ax 2a
ln tan ⎜ + ⎟
⎝4 2 ⎠
sin(a − p) x sin(a + p) x
17.18.15. ∫ cos ax cos px dx = 2(a − p)
+
2(a + p)
(If a = ± p, see 17.18.9.)
dx 1 ax
17.18.16. ∫ 1 − cos ax = − a cot 2
x dx x ax 2 ax
17.18.17. ∫ 1 − cos ax = − a cot + ln sin
2 a2 2
dx 1 ax
17.18.18. ∫ 1 + cos ax = a tan 2
x dx x ax 2 ax
17.18.19. ∫ 1 + cos ax = a tan + ln cos
2 a2 2
dx 1 ax 1 ax
17.18.20. ∫ (1 − cos ax) 2 =−
2a
cot −
2 6a
cot 3
2
dx 1 ax 1 ax
17.18.21. ∫ (1 + cos ax) 2 =
2a
tan +
2 6a
tan 3
2
⎧ 2 1
⎪ tan −1 ( p − q) / ( p + q) tan ax
⎪ a p −q
dx
2 2 2
17.18.22. ∫ =⎨
p + q cos ax ⎪ 1 ⎛ tan 1 ax + (q + p) / (q − p) ⎞
2 (If p = ± q, see 17.18.16
⎪ a q 2 − p2 ⎝ tan 1 ax − (q + p) / (q − p) ⎟⎠
ln ⎜
⎩ 2 and 17.18.18.)
92 TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
dx 1 p tan ax
17.18.24. ∫p 2 =
+ q 2 cos 2 ax ap p2 + q 2
tan −1
p2 + q 2
⎧ 1 −1 p tan ax
⎪ap p2 − q 2 tan p2 − q 2
dx ⎪
17.18.25. ∫ =
p2 − q 2 cos 2 ax ⎨ 1 ⎛ p tan ax − q 2 − p2 ⎞
⎪ ln
⎪2ap q 2 − p2 ⎜⎝ p tan ax + q 2 − p2 ⎟⎠
⎩
x m sin ax mx m −1 m(m − 1)
17.18.26. ∫ x m cos ax dx = a
+
a2
cos ax −
a2 ∫x m−2
cos ax dx
dx sin ax n−2 dx
17.18.29. ∫ cos n
ax
= +
a(n − 1) cos n−1 ax b − 1 ∫ cos n− 2
ax
x dx x sin ax 1 n−2 x dx
17.18.30. ∫ cos n = − +
ax a(n − 1) cos n−1 ax a 2 (n − 1)(n − 2) cos n− 2 ax n − 1 ∫ cos n− 2
ax
sin n+1 ax
17.19.3. ∫ sin n ax cos ax dx = (n + 1)a
(If n = −1, see 17.21.1.)
cos n+1 ax
17.19.4. ∫ cos ax sin ax dx = −
n
(n + 1)a
(If n = −1, see 17.20.1.)
x sin 4 ax
17.19.5. ∫ sin 2
ax cos 2 ax dx =
8
−
32a
dx 1
17.19.6. ∫ sin ax cos ax = a ln tan ax
dx 1 ⎛ π ax ⎞ 1
17.19.7. ∫ sin 2 = ln tan ⎜ + ⎟ −
ax cos ax a ⎝ 4 2 ⎠ a sin ax
dx 1 ax 1
17.19.8. ∫ sin ax cos 2
ax
=
a
ln tan +
2 a cos ax
dx 2 cot 2ax
17.19.9. ∫ sin 2
ax cos 2 ax
=−
a
TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 93
sin 2 ax sin ax 1 ⎛ ax π ⎞
17.19.10. ∫ cos ax dx = − a + a ln tan ⎜⎝ 2 + 4 ⎟⎠
cos 2 ax cos ax 1 ax
17.19.11. ∫ sin ax
dx =
a
+ ln tan
a 2
dx 1 1 ⎛ ax π⎞
17.19.12. ∫ cos ax (1 ± sin ax ) = ∓ 2a(1 ± sin ax ) + 2a ln tan ⎜⎝ 2 + ⎟
4⎠
dx 1 1 ax
17.19.13. ∫ sin ax (1 ± cos ax ) = ± 2a(1 ± cos ax ) + 2a ln tan 2
dx 1 ⎛ ax π ⎞
17.19.14. ∫ sin ax ± cos ax = a 2
ln tan ⎜ ± ⎟
⎝ 2 8⎠
sin ax dx x 1
17.19.15. ∫ sin ax ± cos ax = 2 ∓ 2a ln (sin ax ± cos ax )
cos ax dx x 1
17.19.16. ∫ sin ax ± cos ax = ± 2 + 2a ln (sin ax ± cos ax )
sin ax dx 1
17.19.17. ∫ p + q cos ax = − aq ln ( p + q cos ax)
cos ax dx 1
17.19.18. ∫ p + q sin ax = aq ln ( p + q sin ax)
sin ax dx 1
17.19.19. ∫ ( p + q cos ax ) n =
aq(n − 1)( p + q cos ax )n−1
cos ax dx −1
17.19.20. ∫ ( p + q sin ax) n =
aq(n − 1)( p + q sin ax )n−1
dx 1 ⎛ ax + tan −1 (q / p) ⎞
17.19.21. ∫ =
p sin ax + q cos ax a p2 + q 2
ln tan ⎜
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
⎧ 2 ⎛ p + (r − q) tan(ax / 2 ) ⎞
⎪ tan −1 ⎜ ⎟
dx ⎪ a r 2 − p2 − q 2 ⎝ r 2 − p2 − q 2 ⎠
17.19.22. ∫ =⎨
p sin ax + q cos ax + r ⎪ 1 ⎛ p − p2 + q 2 − r 2 + (r − q) tan (ax / 2 ) ⎞
⎪ ln ⎜ ⎟
⎩a p + q − r
2 2 2
⎝ p + p2 + q 2 − r 2 + (r − q) tan (ax / 2 ) ⎠
dx 1 ⎛ ax ⎞
17.19.23. ∫ p sin ax + q(1 + cos ax ) = ap ln ⎜⎝q + p tan 2 ⎟⎠
dx −1 ⎛ π ax + tan −1 (q / p)⎞
17.19.24. ∫ =
p sin ax + q cos ax ± p2 + q 2 a p2 + q 2
tan ⎜⎝ 4 ∓ 2 ⎟⎠
dx 1 ⎛ p tan ax ⎞
17.19.25. ∫p 2 =
sin 2 ax + q 2 cos 2 ax apq
tan −1 ⎜
⎝ q ⎟⎠
dx 1 ⎛ p tan ax − q⎞
17.19.26. ∫p 2
sin ax − q cos ax
2 2 2 =
2 apq
ln ⎜
⎝ p tan ax + q⎟⎠
94 TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
⎩ a (m + n ) m+n ∫
⎧ sin m −1 ax m − 1 sin m − 2 ax
⎪ a(n − 1) cos ax n − 1 ∫ cos n− 2 ax dx
n − 1 −
⎪ m−n+2
m
sin ax ⎪ sin m +1 ax sin m ax
17.19.28. ∫ cosn ax dx = ⎨ a(n − 1) cos n−1 ax
−
n −1 ∫ cosn−2 ax dx
⎪
⎪ − sin m −1 ax m − 1 sin m − 2 ax
os ax m − n ∫ cos n ax
+ dx
⎪⎩ a(m − n) co n −1
⎧ − cos m −1 ax m − 1 cos m − 2 ax
⎪ a(n − 1) sin n−1 ax − n − 1 ∫ sin n− 2 ax dx
⎪ − cos m +1 ax m−n+2
cos m ax ⎪ cos m ax
17.19.29. ∫ sin ax
n dx = ⎨ a(n − 1) sin ax
n −1 −
n −1 ∫ sin n−2 ax dx
⎪
⎪ cos m −1 ax m − 1 cos m − 2 ax
⎩⎪ a(m − n) sin ax m − n
n −1 + ∫ sin n ax dx
⎧ 1 m+n−2 dx
dx ⎪ a(n − 1) sin m −1 ax cos n−1 ax + n − 1 ∫ sin ax cos n− 2 ax
m
17.19.30. ∫ sin m ax cosn ax = ⎨ −1 m+n−2 dx
⎪
⎪⎩a(m − 1) sin m −1 ax cos n−1 ax
+
m −1 ∫ sin m−2 ax cosn ax
tan 2 ax 1
17.20.3. ∫ tan3 ax dx = 2a
+ ln cos ax
a
tan n+1 ax
17.20.4. ∫ tan n
ax sec 2 ax dx =
(n + 1)a
sec 2 ax 1
17.20.5. ∫ tan ax
dx = ln tan ax
a
dx 1
17.20.6. ∫ tan ax = a ln sin ax
1 ⎧(ax )3 (ax )5 2(ax )7 22 n (22 n − 1) Bn (ax )2 n+1 ⎫
17.20.7. ∫ x tan ax dx = 2
a ⎩⎨ 3
+
15
+
105
+ +
( 2 n + 1)!
+ ⎬
⎭
x tan ax 1 x2
17.20.9. ∫ x tan 2
ax dx =
a
+ 2 ln cos ax −
a 2
TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 95
dx px q
17.20.10. ∫ p + q tan ax = +
p 2 + q 2 a( p 2 + q 2 )
ln (q sin ax + p cos ax )
tan n −1 ax
17.20.11. ∫ tan n
ax dx =
(n − 1)a ∫
− tan n − 2 ax dx
cot 2 ax 1
17.21.3. ∫ cot ax dx = −
3
2a
− ln sin ax
a
cot n+1 ax
17.21.4. ∫ cot n ax csc2 ax dx = − (n + 1)a
csc 2 ax 1
17.21.5. ∫ cot ax
dx = − ln cot ax
a
dx 1
17.21.6. ∫ cot ax = − a ln cos ax
1 ⎪⎧ (ax )3 (ax )5 22 n Bn (ax )2 n+1 ⎪⎫
17.21.7. ∫ x cot ax dx = a2
⎨ax −
⎪⎩ 9
−
225
− −
(2n + 1)!
− ⎬
⎪⎭
x cot ax 1 x2
17.21.9. ∫ x cot 2
ax dx = −
a
+ 2 ln sin ax −
a 2
dx px q
17.21.10. ∫ p + q cot ax = −
p 2 + q 2 a( p 2 + q 2 )
ln (q sin ax + q cos ax )
cot n −1 ax
17.21.11. ∫ cot n ax dx = − (n − 1)a ∫
− cot n − 2 ax dx
sec n ax
17.22.4. ∫ secn ax tan ax dx = na
dx sin ax
17.22.5. ∫ sec ax = a
x 1
17.22.8. ∫ x sec ax dx = a tan ax + a
2
2
ln cos ax
dx x p dx
17.22.9. ∫ q + p sec ax = q − q ∫ p + q cos ax
sec n − 2 ax tan ax n − 2
17.22.10. ∫ sec n
ax dx =
a(n − 1)
+
n −1 ∫ sec n−2
ax dx
x cot ax 1
17.23.8. ∫ x csc ax dx = −
2
a
+ 2 ln sin ax
a
dx x p dx
17.23.9. ∫ q + p csc ax = q − q ∫ p + q sin ax (See 17.17.22.)
csc n − 2 ax cot ax n − 2
17.23.10. ∫ cscn ax dx = − a(n − 1)
+
n −1 ∫ csc n−2
ax dx
TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 97
x ⎛ x 2 a2 ⎞ x x a2 − x 2
17.24.2. ∫ x sin −1 a
dx = ⎜ − ⎟ sin −1 +
⎝2 4⎠ a 4
x x3 x ( x 2 + 2a 2 ) a 2 − x 2
17.24.3. ∫ x 2 sin −1 a
dx =
3
sin −1 +
a 9
2 2
⎛ x⎞ ⎛ x⎞ x
17.24.6. ∫ ⎜⎝sin −1 a⎟⎠
dx = x ⎜sin −1 ⎟ − 2 x + 2 a 2 − x 2 sin −1
⎝ a ⎠ a
x x
17.24.7. ∫ cos −1
a
dx = x cos −1 − a 2 − x 2
a
x ⎛ x 2 a2 ⎞ x x a2 − x 2
17.24.8. ∫ x cos−1 a
dx = ⎜ − ⎟ cos −1 −
⎝2 4⎠ a 4
x x3 x ( x 2 + 2a 2 ) a 2 − x 2
17.24.9. ∫x 2
cos −1
a
dx =
3
cos −1 −
a 9
2 2
⎛ x⎞ ⎛ x⎞ x
17.24.12. ∫ ⎜⎝cos−1 a⎟⎠
dx = x ⎜ cos −1 ⎟ − 2 x − 2 a 2 − x 2 cos −1
⎝ a ⎠ a
x x a
17.24.13. ∫ tan −1
a
dx = x tan −1 − ln ( x 2 + a 2 )
a 2
x 1 x ax
17.24.14. ∫ x tan −1
a
dx = ( x 2 + a 2 ) tan −1 −
2 a 2
x x3 x ax 2 a 3
17.24.15. ∫x 2
tan −1
a
dx =
3
tan −1 −
a 6
+ ln ( x 2 + a 2 )
6
tan −1 ( x/a) 1 x 1 ⎛ x 2 + a2 ⎞
17.24.17. ∫ x 2
dx = − tan −1 −
x
ln
a 2a ⎜⎝ x 2 ⎠⎟
98 TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
x x a
17.24.18. ∫ cot −1
a
dx = x cot −1 + ln (x 2 + a 2 )
a 2
x 1 x ax
17.24.19. ∫ x cot −1
a
dx = ( x 2 + a 2 ) cot −1
2 a
+
2
x x3 x ax 2 a3
17.24.20. ∫ x 2 cot −1 a
dx =
3
cot −1
a
+
6
−
6
ln ( x 2 + a 2 )
⎧ x x π
x ⎪x sec
−1
− a ln ( x + x 2 − a 2 ) 0 < sec −1 <
17.24.23. ∫ sec −1
a
=
dx ⎨ a
x π
a 2
x
⎪x sec −1 + a ln (x + x 2 − a 2 ) < sec −1 < π
⎩ a 2 a
⎧ x2 a x 2 − a2 x π
−1 x
x ⎪
⎪ sec − 0 < sec −1 <
17.24.24. ∫ x sec −1 a dx = ⎨ x22 a 2
2
− a2 π
a 2
⎪ sec −1 + x a x x
< sec −1 < π
⎪⎩ 2 a 2 2 a
⎧ x3 ax x 2 − a 2 a 3 x π
−1 x
⎪
⎪3 sec − − ln(x + x 2 − a 2 ) 0 < sec −1 <
−1 x
17.24.25. ∫ x sec a dx = ⎨ x 3
2 a 6
2
− 2
6
3
π
a 2
⎪ sec −1 + x ax x a a
+ ln(x + x 2 − a 2 )
x
< sec −1 < π
⎪⎩ 3 a 6 6 2 a
sec −1 ( x/a) π a (a/x )3 1i3(a/x )5 1 i 3 i 5(a/x )7
17.24.26. ∫ x dx =
2
ln x + + + +
x 2 i 3 i 3 2 i 4 i 5i 5 2 i 4 i 6 i 7i 7
+ ⋅⋅⋅
⎧ sec −1 ( x /a) x 2 − a2 x π
⎪− + 0 < sec −1 <
⎪ x ax a 2
−1
sec ( x/a) ⎪
17.24.27. ∫ x 2 dx = ⎨ sec −1 ( x/a) x 2 − a2 π x
⎪− − < sec −1 < π
⎪ x ax 2 a
⎩⎪
⎧ x x π
x ⎪ x csc −1 + a ln ( x + x 2 − a 2 ) 0 < csc −1 <
17.24.28. ∫ csc −1 a dx = ⎨ −1 xa π
a 2
x
⎪x csc − a ln ( x + x 2 − a 2 ) − < csc −1 < 0
⎩ a 2 a
⎧ x2 x a x 2 − a2 x π
⎪⎪ csc −1 + 0 < csc −1 <
−1 x
17.24.29. ∫ x csc a dx = ⎨ x22 a 2
x a x 2 − a2 π
a 2
⎪ csc −1 − − < csc −1
x
<0
⎪⎩ 2 a 2 2 a
⎧x3 x ax x 2 − a 2 a 3 x π
⎪ csc −1 + + ln ( x + x 2 − a 2 ) 0 < csc −1 <
x ⎪ 3 a 6 6 a 2
17.24.30. ∫ x 2 csc −1 a dx = ⎨ 3
⎪x −1 x ax x 2 − a 2 a 3 π x
⎪ csc − − ln ( x + x 2 − a 2 ) − < csc −1 < 0
⎩3 a 6 6 2 a
TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 99
⎧ csc −1 ( x /a) x 2 − a2 x π
⎪− − 0 < csc −1 <
csc −1 ( x /a) ⎪ x ax a 2
17.24.32. ∫ x2 dx = ⎨
⎪ csc −1 ( x /a) x 2 − a2 π x
⎪− + − < csc −1 < 0
⎩ x ax 2 a
x x m +1 x 1 x m +1
17.24.33. ∫ x m sin −1 a
dx =
m +1
sin −1 −
a m +1 ∫ a2 − x 2
dx
x x m +1 x 1 x m +1
17.24.34. ∫x m
cos −1
a
dx =
m +1
cos −1 +
a m +1 ∫ a2 − x 2
dx
x x m +1 x a x m +1
17.24.35. ∫x m
tan −1
a
dx =
m +1
tan −1 −
a m +1 ∫ x + a2
2
dx
x x m +1 x a x m +1
17.24.36. ∫x m
cot −1
a
dx =
m +1
cot −1 +
a m +1 ∫ x + a2
2
dx
⎧ x m +1 sec −1 ( x/a) a x m dx x π
⎪ m +1
−
m +1 ∫ x −a
2 2
0 < sec −1 <
a 2
x ⎪
17.24.37. ∫ x m sec −1 a dx = ⎨ x m+1 sec −1 ( x/a) a π
⎪ x m dx x
⎪
⎩ m +1
+
m +1 ∫ x −a
2 2 2
< sec −1 < π
a
⎧ x m +1 sec −1 ( x /a) a x m dx x π
⎪ m +1
+
m +1 ∫ x −a
2 2
0 < csc −1
a
<
2
x ⎪
17.24.38. ∫ x m csc −1 a dx = ⎨ x m+1 csc −1 ( x /a) a π
⎪ x m dx x
⎪
⎩ m +1
−
m +1 ∫ x −a
2 2
−
2
< csc −1 < 0
a
e ax ⎛ 2 2 x 2 ⎞
17.25.3. ∫x e 2 ax
dx =
a ⎜⎝
x − +
a a 2 ⎟⎠
x n e ax n
17.25.4. ∫ x neax dx = a
−
a ∫x n −1 ax
e dx
e ax ax (ax )2 (ax )3
17.25.5. ∫ x dx = ln x + + +
1 i 1! 2 i 2! 3 i3!
+ ⋅⋅⋅
e ax −e ax a e ax
17.25.6. ∫x n dx =
(n − 1) x n−1
+
n −1 ∫x n −1 dx
100 TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
dx x 1
17.25.7. ∫ p + qe ax
= −
p ap
ln (p + qe ax )
dx x 1 1
17.25.8. ∫ ( p + qe ax )2
= 2 +
p
−
ap( p + qe ax ) ap2
ln (p + qe ax )
⎧ 1 ⎛ p ax ⎞
⎪ tan −1 ⎜ e
dx ⎪⎪a pq ⎝ q ⎟⎠
17.25.9. ∫ pe ax
+ qe − ax
=⎨
⎪ 1 ⎛ e ax − − q /p ⎞
⎪ ln ⎜ ax ⎟
⎪⎩2a − pq ⎝ e + − q /p ⎠
e ax (a sin bx − b cos bx )
17.25.10. ∫e ax
sin bx dx =
a2 + b2
e ax (a cos bx + b sin bx )
17.25.11. ∫e ax
cos bx dx =
a2 + b2
xe ax (a sin bx − b cos bx ) e ax {(a 2 − b 2 ) sin bx − 2ab cos bx}
17.25.12. ∫ xe ax
sin bx dx =
a2 + b2
−
(a 2 + b 2 ) 2
xe ax (a cos bx + b sin bx ) e ax {(a 2 − b 2 ) cos bx + 2ab sin bx}
17.25.13. ∫ xe ax
cos bx dx =
a2 + b2
−
(a 2 + b 2 ) 2
e ax ln x 1 e ax
17.25.14. ∫ eax ln x dx = a
−
a ∫ x dx
e ax sin n−1 bx n(n − 1)b 2 ax n− 2
17.25.15. ∫ eax sin n bx dx = a2 + n2b2
( a sin bx − nb cos bx ) +
a2 + n2b2 ∫
e sin bx dx
x m +1 ⎛ 1 ⎞
17.26.3. ∫x m
ln x dx =
m + 1 ⎜⎝
ln x −
m + 1⎟⎠
( If m = −1, see 17.26.4.)
ln x 1
17.26.4.
∫ x
dx = ln 2 x
2
ln x ln x 1
17.26.5. ∫ x 2 dx = −
x
−
x
17.26.6. ∫ ln 2
x dx = x ln 2 x − 2 x ln x + 2 x
ln n x dx ln n+1 x
17.26.7. ∫ x = n +1 (If n = −1, see 17.26.8.)
dx
17.26.8. ∫ x ln x
= ln (ln x )
TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 101
dx ln 2 x ln 3 x
17.26.9. ∫ ln x
= ln (ln x ) + ln x + +
2 i 2 ! 3 i 3!
+ ⋅⋅⋅
x m dx (m + 1)2 ln 2 x (m + 1)3 ln 3 x
17.26.10. ∫ ln x
= ln (ln x ) + (m + 1) ln x +
2 i 2!
+
3 i 3!
+ ⋅⋅⋅
17.26.11.
∫ ln x dx = x ln
n n
x−n ∫ ln n −1
x dx
x m +1 ln n x n
17.26.12. ∫x m
ln n x dx =
m +1
−
m +1 ∫x m
ln n −1 xdx
x
17.26.13. ∫ ln (x 2
+ a 2 ) dx = x ln (x 2 + a 2 ) − 2 x + 2a tan −1
a
⎛ x + a⎞
17.26.14. ∫ ln ( x 2
− a 2 ) dx = x ln ( x 2 − a 2 ) − 2 x + a ln ⎜
⎝ x − a ⎟⎠
x m +1 ln ( x 2 ± a 2 ) 2 x m+2
17.26.15. ∫ x m ln (x 2 ± a 2 ) dx =
m +1
−
m +1 ∫ x ± a2
2 dx
x cosh ax sinh ax
17.27.2. ∫ x sinh ax dx = a
−
a2
⎛ x2 2⎞ 2x
17.27.3. ∫ x 2
sinh ax dx = ⎜⎝ a + a 3 ⎟⎠ cosh ax − a 2 sinh ax
dx 1 ax
17.27.6. ∫ sinh ax =
a
ln tanh
2
sinh ax cosh ax x
17.27.8. ∫ sinh 2
ax dx =
2a
−
2
dx coth ax
17.27.10. ∫ sinh 2
ax
=−
a
sinh (a + p) x sinh (a − p) x
17.27.11. ∫ sinh ax sinh px dx = 2(a + p)
−
2(a − p)
For a = ± p see 17.27.8.
x m cosh ax m m −1
17.27.12. ∫x m
sinh ax dx =
a
−
a ∫
x cosh ax dx (See 17.28.12.)
dx − cosh ax n−2 dx
17.27.15. ∫ n
sinh ax
=
a(n − 1) sinh ax
n −1
−
n −1 ∫ sinh n−2
ax
x dx − x cosh ax 1 n−2 x dx
17.27.16. ∫ sinh n
= − 2 −
ax a(n − 1)sinh ax a (n − 1)(n − 2)sinh ax n − 1
n −1 n−2 ∫ sinh n−2
ax
2 x cosh ax ⎛ x 2 2⎞
17.28.3. ∫ x 2 cosh ax dx = − a 2
+⎜
⎝a a ⎠
+ 3 ⎟ sinh ax
dx 2
17.28.6. ∫ cosh ax =
a
tan −1 e ax
x sinh ax cosh ax
17.28.8. ∫ cosh 2
ax dx =
2
+
2a
dx tanh ax
17.28.10. ∫ cosh 2
ax
=
a
sinh (a − p) x sinh (a + p) x
17.28.11. ∫ cosh ax cosh px dx = 2(a − p)
+
2(a + p)
x m sinh ax m m −1
17.28.12. ∫x m
cosh ax dx =
a
−
a ∫
x sinh ax dx (See 17.27.12.)
cosh n −1 ax sinh ax n −1
17.28.13. ∫ cosh n
ax dx =
an
+
n ∫ cosh n−2
ax dx
dx sinh ax n−2 dx
17.28.15. ∫ n
cosh ax
=
a(n − 1) cosh ax
n −1
+
n −1 ∫ cosh n−2
ax
x dx x sinh ax 1 n−2 x dx
17.28.16. ∫ n
cosh ax
= n −1
+ 2 n−2
+
a(n − 1) cosh ax (n − 1) (n − 2)a cosh ax n − 1 ∫ cosh n−2
ax
cosh ( p + q) x cosh ( p − q) x
17.29.2. ∫ sinh px cosh qx dx = 2( p + q)
+
2( p − q)
sinh 4 ax x
17.29.3. ∫ sinh 2
ax cosh 2 ax dx =
32a
−
8
dx 1
17.29.4. ∫ sinh ax cosh ax =
a
ln tanh ax
dx 2 coth 2ax
17.29.5. ∫ sinh 2
ax cosh 2 ax
=−
a
sinh 2 ax sinh ax 1 −1
17.29.6. ∫ cosh ax dx = a a
tan sinh ax
cosh 2 ax cosh ax 1 ax
17.29.7. ∫ sinh ax
dx =
a
+ ln tanh
a 2
104 TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
tanh ax
17.30.2. ∫ tanh 2
ax dx = x −
a
1 tanh 2 ax
17.30.3. ∫ tanh3 ax dx = a
ln cosh ax −
2a
dx px q
17.30.7. ∫ p + q tanh ax = −
p 2 − q 2 a( p 2 − q 2 )
ln (q sinh ax + p cosh ax )
− tanh n−1 ax
17.30.8. ∫ tanh n ax dx = a(a − 1)
+ ∫ tanh n− 2 ax dx
coth ax
17.31.2. ∫ coth 2
ax dx = x −
a
1 coth 2 ax
17.31.3. ∫ coth3 ax dx = a
ln sinh ax −
2a
x 2 x coth ax 1
17.31.5. ∫ x coth 2
ax dx =
2
−
a
+ 2 ln sinh ax
a
dx px q
17.31.7. ∫ p + q coth ax = −
p 2 − q 2 a( p 2 − q 2 )
ln ( p sinh ax + q cosh ax )
coth n−1 ax
17.31.8. ∫ coth n ax dx = − a(n − 1)
+ ∫ coth n− 2
ax dx
TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 105
tanh ax
17.32.2. ∫ sech 2
ax dx =
a
sech ax tanh ax 1
17.32.3. ∫ sech 3
ax dx =
2a
+
2a
tan −1 sinh ax
x tanh ax 1
17.32.5. ∫ x sech 2
ax dx =
a
− 2 ln cosh ax
a
sech n− 2 ax tanh ax n − 2
17.32.7. ∫ sech n ax dx = a(n − 1)
+
n −1 ∫ sech n− 2
ax dx
coth ax
17.33.2. ∫ csch 2
ax dx = −
a
csch ax coth ax 1 ax
17.33.3. ∫ csch 3
ax dx = −
2a
−
2a
ln tanh
2
x coth ax 1
17.33.5. ∫ x csch 2
ax dx = −
a
+ 2 ln sinh ax
a
− csch n− 2 ax coth ax n − 2
17.33.7. ∫ csch n
ax dx =
a(n − 1)
−
n −1 ∫ csch n− 2
ax dx
106 TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
x ⎛ x 2 a2 ⎞ x x 2 + a2
17.34.2. ∫ x sinh −1
a
dx = ⎜ + ⎟ sinh −1 − x
⎝2 4⎠ a 4
⎧1 1
⎪ (2 x 2 − a 2 ) cosh −1 ( x /a) − x x 2 − a 2 , cosh −1 ( x /a) > 0
x ⎪ 4 4
17.34.5. ∫ x cosh −1 a dx = ⎨1
⎪ (2 x 2 − a 2 ) cosh −1 ( x /a) + 1 x x 2 − a 2 , cosh −1 ( x /a) < 0
⎪⎩4 4
cosh −1 ( x /a) ⎡1 2 (a /x )2 1 i 3(a /x )4 1 i 3 i 5(a /x )6 ⎤
∫ x
dx = ± ⎢⎣ 2 ln ( 2 x /a ) + + +
2i2i2 2i4i4i4 2i4i6i6i6
+ ⋅⋅⋅⎥
⎦
17.34.6.
+ if cosh −1 ( x /a) > 0, − if cosh −1 ( x /a) < 0
x x a
17.34.7. ∫ tanh −1
a
dx = x tanh −1 + ln (a 2 − x 2 )
a 2
x ax 1 2 x
17.34.8. ∫ x tanh −1
a
dx = + ( x − a 2 ) tanh −1
2 2 a
tanh −1 ( x /a) x ( x /a)3 ( x /a)5
17.34.9. ∫ x
dx = +
a 32
+
52
+ ⋅⋅⋅
x a
17.34.10. ∫ coth −1
a
dx = x coth −1 x + ln ( x 2 − a 2 )
2
x ax 1 2 x
17.34.11. ∫ x coth −1
a
dx = + ( x − a 2 ) coth −1
2 2 a
coth −1 ( x /a) ⎛ a (a /x )3 (a /x )5 ⎞
17.34.12. ∫ x
dx = − ⎜⎝ x + 32 + 52 + ⋅⋅⋅⎟⎠
x x x
17.34.14. ∫ csch −1
a
dx = x csch −1 ± a sinh −1
a a
(+ if x > 0, − if x < 0)
TABLES OF SPECIAL INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 107
x x m +1 x 1 x m +1
17.34.15. ∫ x m sinh −1 a
dx =
m +1
sinh −1 −
a m +1 ∫ x 2 + a2
dx
⎧ x m +1 x 1 x m +1
⎪ m + 1 cosh
−1
−
a m +1 ∫ x 2 − a2
dx cosh −1 ( x /a) > 0
x ⎪
17.34.16. ∫ x m cosh −1 a dx = ⎨ x m+1 x m +1
⎪ x 1
⎪ m + 1 cosh
⎩
−1
+
a m +1 ∫ x −a
2 2
dx cosh −1 ( x /a) < 0
x x m +1 x a x m +1
17.34.17. ∫ x m tanh −1 a
dx =
m +1
tanh −1 −
a m +1 ∫ a 2 − x 2 dx
x x m +1 x 1 x m +1
17.34.18. ∫x m
coth −1
a
dx =
m +1
coth −1 −
a m +1 ∫a 2
− x2
dx
⎧ x m +1 x a x m dx
⎪ m + 1 sech
−1
+
a m +1 ∫ a −x
2 2
sech −1 ( x /a) > 0
x ⎪
17.34.19. ∫ x m sech −1 a dx = ⎨ x m+1
⎪ x 1 x m dx
⎪ m + 1 sech
⎩
−1
−
a m +1 ∫ a2 − x 2
sech −1 ( x /a) < 0
x x m +1 x a x m dx
17.34.20. ∫ x m csch −1 a
dx =
m +1
csch −1 ±
a m +1 ∫ x 2 + a2
(+ if x > 0, − if x < 0)
18 DEFINITE INTEGRALS
b
18.1. ∫ a
f ( x ) dx = lim{ f (a) Δx + f (a + Δx ) Δx + f (a + 2Δx ) Δx + + f (a + (n − 1) Δx ) Δx}
n→∞
b b d b
18.2. ∫ a
f ( x ) dx = ∫
a dx
g( x ) dx = g( x ) = g(b) − g(a)
a
If the interval is infinite or if f(x) has a singularity at some point in the interval, the definite integral is called
an improper integral and can be defined by using appropriate limiting procedures. For example,
∞ b
18.3. ∫ a
f ( x ) dx = lim ∫ f ( x ) dx
b→∞ a
∞ b
18.4. ∫ −∞
f ( x ) dx = lim ∫ f ( x ) dx
a→−∞ a
b→∞
b b −∈
18.5. ∫ a
f ( x ) dx = lim ∫
∈→ 0 α
f ( x ) dx if b is a singular point..
b b
18.6. ∫ a
f ( x ) dx = lim ∫
∈→ 0 a +∈
f ( x ) dx if a is a singulaar point.
b b
18.8. ∫ a
cf ( x ) dx = c ∫ f ( x ) dx where c is any constant.
a
a
18.9. ∫ a
f ( x ) dx = 0
b a
18.10. ∫ a
f ( x ) dx = − ∫ f ( x ) dx
b
b c b
18.11. ∫ a
f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( x ) dx + ∫ f ( x ) dx
a c
108
DEFINITE INTEGRALS 109
b
18.12. ∫ a
f ( x ) dx = (b − a) f (c) where c is between a and b.
This is called the mean value theorem for definite integrals and is valid if f(x) is continuous in
a x b.
b b
18.13. ∫ a
f ( x ) g( x ) dx = f (c) ∫ g( x ) dx
a
where c is between a and b
This is a generalization of 18.12 and is valid if f(x) and g(x) are continuous in a x b and g(x) 0.
Rectangular formula:
b
18.15. ∫ a
f ( x ) dx ≈ h( y0 + y1 + y2 + + yn−1 )
Trapezoidal formula:
b h
18.16. ∫ a
f ( x ) dx ≈ ( y + 2 y1 + 2 y2 + + 2 yn−1 + yn )
2 0
∞ x m dx π a m+1− n
18.20. ∫ 0
=
x n + a n n sin[(m + 1)π /n]
, 0 < m +1< n
∞ x m dx π sin mβ
18.21. ∫ 0 1 + 2 x cos β + x 2
=
sin mπ sin β
a dx π
18.22. ∫ 0 a −x22
=
2
a π a2
18.23. ∫ 0
a 2 − x 2 dx =
4
110 DEFINITE INTEGRALS
π ⎪⎧ 0 m, n integers and m ≠ n
18.26. ∫ 0
sin mx sin nx dx = ⎨
⎪⎩π /2 m, n integers and m = n
π ⎧⎪ 0 m, n integers and m ≠ n
18.27. ∫ cos mx cos nx dx = ⎨
⎩⎪π /2 m, n in
ntegers and m = n
0
π /2 π /2 π
18.29. ∫ 0
sin 2 x dx = ∫ 0
cos 2 x dx =
4
π /2 π /2 1 i 3 i 5 2 m − 1 π
18.30. ∫ 0
sin 2 m x dx = ∫ 0
cos 2 m x dx =
2 i 4 i 6 2m 2
, m = 1, 2,…
π /2 π /2 2 i 4 i 6 2m
18.31. ∫ 0
sin 2 m +1 x dx = ∫ 0
cos 2 m +1 x dx =
1 i 3 i 5 2 m + 1
, m = 1, 2,…
π /2 Γ ( p) Γ (q)
18.32. ∫ 0
sin 2p−1 x cos 2 q−1 x dx =
2Γ ( p + q)
⎧ π /2 p > 0
∞ sin px ⎪⎪
18.33. ∫ 0 x
dx = ⎨ 0 p = 0
⎪
⎪⎩−π /2 p < 0
⎧ 0 p>q>0
∞ sin px cos qx ⎪⎪
18.34. ∫ 0 x
dx = ⎨π /2 0< p<q
⎪
⎩⎪π /4 p=q>0
∞ sin 2 px πp
18.36. ∫ 0 x2
dx =
2
∞ 1 − cos px πp
18.37. ∫ 0 x2
dx =
2
DEFINITE INTEGRALS 111
∞ cos px − cos qx q
18.38. ∫ 0 x
dx = ln
p
∞ cos px − cos qx π (q − p)
18.39. ∫ 0 x 2 dx =
2
∞ cos mx π − ma
18.40. ∫ 0 x +a
2 2 dx =
2 a
e
∞ x sin mx π − ma
18.41. ∫ 0 x +a
2 2 dx =
2
e
∞ sin mx π
18.42. ∫ 0 x(x 2 + a2 )
dx = 2 (1 − e − ma )
2a
2π dx 2π
18.43. ∫ 0 a + b sin x
=
a2 − b2
2π dx 2π
18.44. ∫ 0 a + b cos x
=
a2 − b2
π /2 dx cos −1 (b / a)
18.45. ∫ 0 a + b cos x
=
a2 − b2
2π dx 2π dx 2π a
18.46. ∫ 0 (a + b sin x )2
= ∫ 0
=
(a + b cos x )2 (a 2 − b 2 )3/2
2π dx 2π
18.47. ∫ 0
=
1 − 2a cos x + a 2 1 − a 2
, 0 < a <1
π cos mx dx π am
18.49. ∫ 0 1 − 2a cos x + a 2 =
1 − a2
, a 2 < 1, m = 0, 1, 2,…
∞ ∞ 1 π
18.50. ∫ 0
sin ax 2 dx = ∫ 0
cos ax 2 dx =
2 2a
∞ 1 π
18.51. ∫ 0
sin ax n dx =
na1/n
Γ (1/n) sin ,
2n
n >1
∞ 1 π
18.52. ∫ 0
cos ax n dx =
na1/n
Γ (1/n) cos ,
2n
n >1
∞ sin x ∞ cos x π
18.53. ∫ 0 x
dx = ∫ 0 x
dx =
2
∞ sin x π
18.54. ∫ 0 xp
dx =
2Γ ( p) sin ( pπ /2)
, 0 < p<1
∞ cos x π
18.55. ∫ 0 xp
dx =
2Γ ( p) cos ( pπ /2)
, 0 < p<1
∞ 1 π ⎛ b2 b2 ⎞
18.56. ∫ 0
sin ax 2 cos 2bx dx =
2 2a ⎜⎝ cos
a
− sin
a ⎟⎠
112 DEFINITE INTEGRALS
∞ 1 π ⎛ b2 b2 ⎞
18.57. ∫ 0
cos ax 2 cos 2bx dx =
2 2a ⎜⎝ cos
a
+ sin
a ⎟⎠
∞ sin 3 x 3π
18.58. ∫ 0 x3
dx =
8
∞ sin 4 x π
18.59. ∫ 0 x4
dx =
3
∞ tan x π
18.60. ∫ 0 x
dx =
2
π /2 dx π
18.61. ∫ 0
=
1 + tan m x 4
18.62. ∫
π /2
0
x
sin x
1 1
{ 1 1
dx = 2 2 − 2 + 2 − 2 +
1 3 5 7 }
1 tan −1 x 1 1 1 1
18.63. ∫ 0 x
dx = 2 − 2 + 2 − 2 +
1 3 5 7
1 sin −1 x π
18.64. ∫ 0 x
dx = ln 2
2
1 1 − cos x ∞ cos x
18.65. ∫ 0 x
dx − ∫
1 x
dx = γ
∞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ dx
18.66. ∫ 0 ⎜⎝ 1 + x 2 − cos x⎟⎠ x = γ
∞ tan −1 px − tan −1 qx π p
18.67. ∫ 0 x
dx = ln
2 q
∞ − ax
e sin bx b
18.70. ∫ 0 x
dx = tan −1
a
∞ − ax
e − e − bx b
18.71. ∫ 0 x
dx = ln
a
∞ 1 π
∫ e − ax dx =
2
18.72.
0 2 a
∞ 1 π − b /4 a
∫ e − ax cos bx dx =
2 2
18.73. e
0 2 a
DEFINITE INTEGRALS 113
∞ 1 π ( b − 4 ac )/4 a b
∫ e − ( ax + bx +c ) dx =
2 2
18.74. e erfc
0 2 a 2 a
2 ∞
where erfc (p) = ∫ e − x dx
2
π p
∞ π ( b − 4 ac )/4 a
∫ e − ( ax + bx +c ) dx =
2 2
18.75. e
−∞ a
∞ Γ(n + 1)
18.76. ∫ 0
x n e − ax dx =
a n+1
∞ Γ[(m + 1)/2]
∫ x m e − ax dx =
2
18.77. 0 2a ( m +1)/2
∞ 1 π −2
∫ e − ( ax + b/x ) dx =
2 2
ab
18.78. e
0 2 a
∞ x dx 1 1 1 1 π2
18.79. ∫ 0
= + + +
e x − 1 12 22 32 4 2
+ =
6
∞ x n−1 ⎛1 1 1 ⎞
18.80. ∫ 0 ex − 1
dx = Γ(n) ⎜ n + n + n + ⎟
⎝1 2 3 ⎠
For even n this can be summed in terms of Bernoulli numbers (see pages 142–143).
∞ x dx 1 1 1 1 π2
18.81. ∫ 0 e +1 1
x = 2 − 2 + 2 − 2 + =
2 3 4 12
∞ x n−1 ⎛1 1 1 ⎞
18.82. ∫ 0 e +1
x dx = Γ(n) ⎜ n − n + n − ⎟
⎝1 2 3 ⎠
For some positive integer values of n the series can be summed (see 23.10).
∞ sin mx 1 m 1
18.83. ∫ 0 e 2π x − 1
dx = coth −
4 2 2m
∞ ⎛ 1 − x ⎞ dx
18.84. ∫ 0
⎜⎝ 1 + x − e ⎟⎠ x = γ
∞ −x − e− x
2
e
18.85. ∫ 0 x
dx = 12 γ
⎛ 1
∞ e− x ⎞
18.86. ∫0 ⎜⎝ e x − 1 x ⎟⎠ dx = γ
−
∞ − ax
e − e − bx 1 ⎛ b 2 + p2 ⎞
18.87. ∫ 0 x sec px
dx = ln ⎜ 2
2 ⎝ a + p2 ⎟⎠
∞ − ax
e − e − bx b a
18.88. ∫ 0 x csc px
dx = tan −1 − tan −1
p p
∞ − ax
e (1 − cos x ) a
18.89. ∫ 0 x2
dx = cot −1 a − ln (a 2 + 1)
2
114 DEFINITE INTEGRALS
ln x
1 π2
18.91. ∫0 1 + x dx = −
12
ln x
1 π2
18.92. ∫0 1 − x dx = −
6
1 ln (1 + x ) π2
18.93. ∫ 0 x
dx =
12
1 ln (1 − x ) π2
18.94. ∫ 0 x
dx = −
6
1 π2
18.95. ∫ 0
ln x ln (1 + x ) dx = 2 − 2 ln 2 −
12
1 π2
18.96. ∫ 0
ln x ln (1 − x ) dx = 2 −
6
∞ x p−1 ln x
18.97. ∫ 0 1+ x
dx = −π 2 csc pπ cot pπ 0 < p<1
1 xm − xn m +1
18.98. ∫ 0 ln x
dx = ln
n +1
∞
18.99. ∫ 0
e − x ln x dx = −γ
∞ π
∫ e − x ln x dx = − (γ + 2 ln 2)
2
18.100.
0 4
∞⎛ e x + 1⎞ π2
18.101. ∫0 ⎜⎝ e x − 1⎟⎠
ln dx =
4
π /2 π /2 π
18.102. ∫ 0
ln sin x dx = ∫ 0
ln cos x dx = −
2
ln 2
π /2 π /2 π π3
18.103. ∫ 0
(ln sin x )2 dx = ∫ 0
(ln cos x )2 dx =
2
(ln 2)2 +
24
π π2
18.104. ∫ 0
x ln sin x dx = −
2
ln 2
π /2
18.105. ∫ 0
sin x ln sin x dx = ln 2 − 1
2π 2π
18.106. ∫ 0
ln (a + b sin x ) dx = ∫ 0
ln (a + b cos x ) dx = 2π ln (a + a 2 − b 2 )
π ⎛ a + a2 − b2 ⎞
18.107. ∫ 0
ln(a + b cos x ) dx = π ln ⎜
⎝ 2 ⎟
⎠
DEFINITE INTEGRALS 115
π ⎧⎪2π ln a, a b > 0
18.108. ∫ 0
ln (a 2 − 2ab cos x + b 2 ) dx = ⎨
⎪⎩2π ln b, b a > 0
π /4 π
18.109. ∫ 0
ln (1 + tan x ) dx =
8
ln 2
π /2 ⎛ 1 + b cos x ⎞ 1
18.110. ∫ 0
sec x ln ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 1 + a cos x ⎠
dx = {(cos −1 a)2 − (cos −1 b)2}
2
a ⎛ x⎞ ⎛ sin a sin 2a sin 3a ⎞
18.111. ∫ 0
ln ⎜ 2 sin ⎟ dx = − ⎜ 2 +
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 1 22
+ 2 + ⎟
3 ⎠
See also 18.102.
18.115. ∫
∞
0
x n dx 2n+1 − 1 1 1
{ 1
= n n+1 Γ (n + 1) n+1 + n+1 + n+1 +
sinh ax 2 a 1 2 3 }
If n is an odd positive integer, the series can be summed.
∞ sinh ax π aπ 1
18.116. ∫ 0 e bx + 1
dx =
2b
csc −
b 2a
∞ sinh ax 1 π aπ
18.117. ∫ 0 e bx − 1
dx = −
2a 2b
cot
b
∞ f (ax ) − f (bx ) b
18.118. ∫ 0 x
dx = { f (0) − f (∞)}ln
a
∞ f ( x ) − f (∞)
This is called Frullani’s integral. It holds if f ′(x) is continuous and ∫ 0 x
dx converges.
1 dx 1 1 1
18.119. ∫ 0 x x = 1 + 2 + 3 +
1 2 3
a Γ (m ) Γ (n)
18.120. ∫ −a
(a + x )m −1 (a − x )n−1 dx = (2a)m + n−1
Γ (m + n)