OBJECTIVE

To study Ohm’s law and to determine the total resistance of resistors in series and parallel.

APPARATUS

 D.c supply from power pack

 three carbon resistors of the same resistance
 an multimeter
 switch
 connecting wire

PROCEDURE
1. The circuit was set up as shown in the figure 1. The three resistors were connected in series.
2. The circuit was used to study the variation of V with I, where V is the reading of the volt and
I is the reading of the current using the multimeter.

3. The total resistance of resistors in series in the circuit was deduced from the graph.
4. The circuit then was connected as shown in figure 2.
5. step 2 and 3 repeated.
6. Total resistance of resistors in parallel in the circuit was determined based on the graph.
SERIES CONNECTION

Value of:

Resistor 1: 146.6Ω

Resistor 2: 146.4Ω

Resistor 3: 147.6Ω

TOTAL RESISTOR VALUE: RTOTAL= R1+R2+R3= 440.6Ω

NO VOLTAGE(V) CURRENT (mA) CURRENT (A)

.
1 2.05 4.7 0.0047
2 3.02 6.9 0.0069
3 4.06 9.2 0.0092
4 5.08 11.5 0.0115
5 5.98 13.6 0.0136
6 7.06 16.0 0.0160
7 8.02 18.2 0.0182
8 9.04 20.5 0.0205
9 9.99 22.7 0.0227
10 10.98 24.9 0.0249

GRADIENT OF THE GRAPH: 440.64Ω

GRAPH VOLTAGE(V) VS CURRENT (A)

12

f(x) = 440.64x
R² = 1
10

6
VOLTAGE(V)
Linear (VOLTAGE(V))

0
0 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03
PARALLEL CONNECTION

VALUE OF:

Resistor 1: 146.6Ω

Resistor 2: 146.4Ω

Resistor 3: 147.6Ω

TOTAL RESISTOR VALUE IN SERIES: R23=R2+R3= 294Ω

1 1 1
TOTAL RESISTOR VALUE IN PARALLEL: = + =97.82 Ω
RT R 1 R 23

NO. VOLTAGE(V) CURRENT(mA) CURRENT (A)

1 1.76 18.0 0.0180

2 2.75 28.2 0.0282

3 3.93 40.2 0.0402
4 4.94 50.6 0.0506
5 5.95 61.0 0.0610
6 6.93 71.2 0.0712
7 7.87 81.7 0.0817
8 8.86 91.5 0.0915
9 9.82 101.7 0.1017
10 10.82 112.4 0.1124

GRADIENT OF THE GRAPH: 96.759Ω

GRAPH VOLTAGE(V) VS CURRENT (A)

12

f(x) = 96.76x
R² = 1
10

6
VOLTAGE(V)
Linear (VOLTAGE(V))

0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12
DISCUSSION

Ohm’s law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to
the voltage across the two points. We have done the experiment about the Ohm’s Law and it is proved.
In the experiment we have set up for the series connection and parallel connection to determine the
total resistance of resistors in both type of connection. The total resistors that we used in series
connection is 440.6Ω. After getting the data and draw the graph, the gradient of the graph is
440.64Ω.As we know that the value of the gradient of the graph is the resistance of the series
connection. For the parallel connection, the total resistors that we use is 97.82Ω and the gradient of
the graph or he resistance of the parallel connection is 96.759Ω. We got that the value of resistors is
slightly different value compare to the resistance due to the inefficiency of the power supply and the
resistors that we used are old and some of them are broken and also some of the multi meter cannot
function well. In order to improve the result, we suggest that the lab can provide new resistors, new
multi meter and new power supply.

CONCLUSION

For the conclusion, the ohm’s law are proved and the total of resistors in series connection are
440.64Ω and the total resistors for parallel connection is 96.752Ω instead of 97.82Ω.