CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Devices have been used to aid computation for thousands of years,

probably initially in the form of a tally stick. The Antikythera mechanism,

dating from about the beginning of the first century BC, is generally considered

to be the earliest known mechanical analog computer, and the earliest known

geared mechanism (Wright, 2012).

Information Technology (IT) is the application of computers to store,

study, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data, or information, often in the

context of a business or other enterprise (Daintith, John, ed. 2009). IT is

considered a subset of information and communications technology (ICT). In

2012, Zuppo proposed an ICT hierarchy where each hierarchy level "contain

some degree of commonality in that they are related to technologies that

facilitate the transfer of information and various types of electronically

mediated communications”.

As with the growth of Information Technology (IT), the need of the

security has become a prime issue in the area of IT. The security can be

managing in number of ways. One way to improve security is by identifying or

verifying the person with some technique. So, the basic idea is the identity of

the person which can improve the security. Computer and network security are

critical issues. But merely protecting the systems that hold data about citizens,
 Introduction 2

corporations, and government agencies it is not enough. The infrastructure of

networks, routers, domain name servers, and switches that glue these systems

together must not fail, or computers will no longer be able to communicate

accurately or reliably. Given the magnitude of securing cyberspace, a reflection

on what we are trying to do seems in order. Several questions arise, such as

what exactly the infrastructure is, what threats it must be secured against, and

how protection can be provided on a cost-effective basis. But underlying all

these questions is how to define a secure system. What is security? Having it is

obviously good; everyone says so. But few people define it exactly, or even

nebulously. This column tries to place cybersecurity in perspective, because it

is, of course, central to countries, organizations, and even home users now and

in the future (M. Bishop, 2003).

An online booking system is used to store and retrieve information about

tour product, tour product options or lodging facility and conduct transactions

for booking it in advance (Simon Lenoir 2012). Put simply, an online booking

system is a piece of software which allows a potential customer to book and

pay for an activity or service through your website. Advanced booking systems

allow customers to book through social networks and even on their mobile

phones, helping deliver bookings wherever your customers happen to be, at

whatever time they desire. Online bookings have grown rapidly to supersede

traditional phone booking systems, which required members of staff to be on

hand to take bookings and manage them manually (Ndbrown, 2017).

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 Introduction 3

Online reservation system enhances guest services write from the

reservation point of sale, instant access to your properties inventory of rooms

and packages; consumers can view, select, and book rooms or packages online.

The management can control their rates and availability, and there is an

administrative savings (Ray, 2008).

Online reservation system allows people to make reservation efficiently.

Most resort and hotel websites are intuitive to the user, allowing user to breeze

through their selection. Booking online can use usually be done at the end of

the day or any day of the year, and eliminates the needs to wait for a

representative (Brandon, 2010).

An example of a reservation system is the computer reservation system

or central reservation system (CRS) from XOTEL HOTEL CRS is a computerized

system used to store and retrieve information and conduct transactions related

to air travel, hotels, car rental, or other activities. Originally designed and

operated by airlines, CRSs were later extended for the use of travel agencies.

Global distribution systems (GDS) book and sell tickets for multiple airlines.

Most airlines have outsourced their CRSs to GDS companies. which also

enable consumer access through Internet gateways. Modern GDS's typically

allow users to book hotel rooms, rental cars, airline tickets as well as other

activities and tours. They also provide access to railway reservations and bus

reservations in some markets, although these are not always integrated with

the main system (R. Blair Smith, 2016).

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Technology could make things work that can access the entire world and

solves problem. Today, networking and the web have become the foundation for

much of our economy. The existence of the web has change the nature of the

educational process itself. Through networking, web-users are able to share

and transmit files, messages and other data by the use of internet connections.

Modern technology is one of the biggest contributor in human life that helps

them to improve their capability to conduct, widen their knowledge about

computer technology and about the changing world.

Company Profile of SBBHR

Sunset Bay Beach Hotel and Resort (SBBHR) was build November 1998

situated in the northern province of La Union close to San Fernando City and

Bauang, overlooking the South China Sea. The resort is within easy reach of

the surf beach at San Juan, and the historic towns of Baguio, Vigan and Laoag.

Set in well-established gardens, this small secluded resort fronts on to a safe,

white sandy beach. The sea, which is crystal clear is ideal for snorkeling. A

coral reef extends one hundred yards from the shore and is a splendid place for

both young and old to explore the wonders of nature. Boat trip can be arranged

to visit near the beaches for fishing, and snorkeling.

The Honkkwagga corporation bought the resort. Honkkwagga is a

corporation consist of five members who owns the resort. The business started

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 Introduction 5

January 1999 which was managed by an Australian year 2003-2005 the

Australian entrust the resort to the couple but the business did not bloom

because the couple are very choosy when it comes to their visitors. For them

only rich foreigners should only be the guest that’s why.

One of the member of Honkkwagga give up because of what happen to

the business. The child of one of the owner bought the resort. Now, the

chairman who give up the resort visits there and regrets that he gives up

because the resort now is very beautiful and well known.

The resort has thirty-one (31) workers except the guards. The resort has

an infinity pool complete with waterfall overlooks the sea and provides fun and

relaxation for all age. The staff of SBBHR takes pride in offering a personalized

service in friendly, tranquil and relaxing surroundings. Near the infinity pool is

a small library with the beautiful view of the sea. Currently the SBBHR have

twenty-five rooms. All rooms are air-conditioned or with fans, dream Satellite

TV’s and en-suite bathrooms with hot and cold showers. Wi-Fi internet

connection is available in most rooms, also readily available at the bar,

restaurant and verandah area. The rooms are pleasantly appointed and have

safety boxes. The restaurant and bar have wide range of international and local

cuisine, and the bar is an ideal place to relax and observe the spectacular

sunset. The resort accepts payment in cash, visa, JCB, Union Pay, Amex, or

Master Card.

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 Introduction 6

The problems encountered in the reservation process of the SBBHR as

well as their website is that the website is static where the clients/customers

are not able to book/reserve online where their clients/costumers had to

personally to the site of the resort just for reservation. This consumes time and

effort especially those who are far away. In recording the transaction and data

at SBBHR, it uses the manual procedure which results to a possible loss of

records, and because it is manually written, the data in the records becomes

unreliable, lots of redundancy and not able to understand because of the

penmanship. The transaction of payments for room reserve or additional

services are manually computed and listed one by one in a form provided by

the management and this computed payment of their clients/costumers is

processed by the receptionist and the receptionist give it to the manager of the

resort to confirm the payment. As the manager confirms the payment the

receptionist will now sign the paper for confirming that is the correct amount of

the bill of the clients and the clients will also sign the paper after looking and

understanding for confirmation that the listed payments is right and pays it to

the receptionist. The bill for food ordered is processed within the restaurant

and is given to the receptionist, the receptionist gives the bill to the customer to

take a look and for confirmation. The transaction of payments for a costumer is

very slow and has a lot of process to be done in a single transaction. The

reservation process of the SBBHR is lack of security in securing the records

and finds difficulty in looking for old transactions.

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 Introduction 7

Through the use of the propose system of the researchers the currents

problems and the problems encountered by the SBBHR will be solved. The

website will become dynamic that will allow their clients/costumers to explore

their resort through internet by displaying and exploring what is inside the

SBBHR website. The website contains information on the features of the resort,

the rooms and room rates, the special services offered in the resort, tourist

spots near the resort that can be visited by their costumers and most especially

the reservation process as well as transaction of payments at the SBBHR will

be through online that will help both parties with less effort and less time

consumed in every transaction made. With the use of the proposed system the

records on all of transactions being made are now automatically saved and

updated in the system database. The database will contain all transaction

needed for future needs the easy way, it will be reliable, accurate and efficient

data. To have a more secured system for records and accounts using the login

security system assigned to the personnel of the resort. The costumer/clients

also need to log in to the proposed system for making reservation or booking

and make payments through the secured transaction system.

System Paradigm

The system paradigm illustrates the conceptual framework of the study

and how the proposed online reservation system will be incorporated with the

SBBHR Reservation system. From pen and paper to automated reservation and

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 Introduction 8

payments. From simple website to a dynamic website, unsecured to secured

transaction and information and from slow process to advance, easy and fast

process.

Conceptual Framework of the Current Process

The conceptual framework illustrates the current state and the current

process of the SBBHR reservation system. Their website contains images and

basic description and all transaction are in manual way. The proponents

observed the activities and processes and came up with a conceptualized flow

of processes in developing the system that will address to the encountered

problems of the study, see figure 1.1. The current system uses pen and paper

method in recording the information that makes the process of the transaction

slow, the repetition of information and details gathered of the customers of the

resort, lack of security in securing the files, difficulty in locating or looking for

the information because you have to manually look one by one the record in

order to find what you are looking for, possible loss of records because it is

record through pen and paper some instances might happen that results to

loss of records examples are if in case of fire the paper which contains records

will be burned or else be pulverized, other instances like calamity, records are

not safe and cannot be retrieved because it lacks back-up. Inaccurate records

this pertains to misspelled names which records become unreliable. Thief is

now alarming in terms of business transactions it stoles records and important

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 Introduction 9

information of the resort. All of this issue are time consuming and hassle

clients and the management. To solve the stated issues, the development of the

system with a centralized database, automation through computers, real-time

online processing and search, auto prompts of records, auto suggestion of

words, organized data records, and saving and updating the records to the

resort’s database which will help the management and their customers to

reserve in an easy way. In solving this issue, the proposed system of SBBR

reservation system is the best solution. With the help of the proposed system

there will be less time consumed and hassle free for both parties.

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 Introduction 10

Figure 1.1

Framework of the Current Process

The IPO diagram contains the process proposed by, the researchers

identified the data and information needed during system operations of the

different types users of the system listed in the input stage consist of the

design functions that handles and transforms the data into a meaningful

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 Introduction 11

information, including the reports and listings needed by users. In the process

stage consist of the features, functions that makes the system automated and

efficient to users. The output consists of the necessary and requested ready-to-

print documents, reports and accounting results generated within the proposed

system.

In the input stage, the users browse the site to locate or look for the

room and package information. The search feature looks for the data recorded

about the client transactions, management personnel and clients. Information

contains administrative module for the different user accounts working in the

resort, and; Client module for customers and client data who made the

reservations and transactions. Log-In module to handle username and

password to all users. Transaction module for the management and the client

secured information on all transactions. To register all the transactions being

made between the client and the management online.

The output of the system initially starts with the interface which displays

the resort details, amenities and packages. To produce transaction reports like,

accounting, agreements, booking reservation slip, billing statement proof of

reservation and payments. To the administration, reports are created,

summary of weekly to monthly income statement, statistical data of most room

or amenities used.

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 Introduction 12

Figure 1.2

Framework of the Proposed System

Write under process the System dev’t methodology used

Under input write the manual process as basis

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 Introduction 13

Statement of the Problem

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 Introduction 14

The Purpose of the study is to develop the existing system of the Sunset

Bay Beach Hotel and Resort that answers the following problems in this study:

1. What are the problems encountered at Sunset Bay Beach Hotel and

Resort and its solution?

2. What is the system structure of the proposed system?

3. What are the features of the proposed Sunset Bay Beach Hotel and

Resort Online Reservation System in terms of:

a. Security

b. Database

c. Network Structure

d. Speed

e. Efficiency

Importance of the Study

The importance of the study is to provide the resort with an incentive to

invest in better quality and to please their customers. What we expect to find is

a significance difference between the old system in relation to the utilization of

information technology resources and being able to practice our gained

knowledge and still to develop and design a system.

To the management. Confirmation of booking helps in effective and

efficient hotel and restaurant management, including decisions like menus,

seating arrangement, amount of rooms and vacancy. It helps the manager to

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 Introduction 15

make special measures if demanded by customers, like any special services to

make sure the guests are contented and happy with the restaurant and hotel

services and will enhance interactivity with the guests. This system will help

management arrive on a decision through timely report generation. To provide

the guests with quality services by upgrading their website with booking

transaction. To make work easy most especially in the process of making

reservations in a way that it allows self-service booking by allowing customers

book or reserve online that minimize time spent during busy business hours by

taking book calls, also avoid customers being diverted to answering machines

when restaurant is closed instead use automated bookings, send SMS or E-

mail for booking confirmation. Through this system, the SBBHR could be able

to integrate good relationship with their customers.

To the researchers. This study will enhance their skills and enable them

to apply what they have learned. They will also gain more knowledge in

programming and web page designing in the completion of this study.

Considering the goals and objectives of the course, this study will improve their

skills in the development, installation, maintenance, operation and

management of information systems. It will also help them improve their

interpersonal and communicating skills to be ready facing different people in

the world.

For the customers/clients. The system can provide a faster access to

the SBBRORS which enables them to have the fast track inquiry about the

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 Introduction 16

room reservations and help them extensively save time and prevent them from

any kind of disappointment faced when the resort does not have table or rooms

for the clients when they arrived without any prior booking. The customer can

view the available rooms, information about the type of accommodation

available, discount rates offered, special packages and other important

information. The system improves the costumer’s satisfaction by responding

quickly to costumer’s requests. This system will save the effort, money and

time of the costumers.

To the future researchers. They can use this as a reference in creating

related system and to give them an idea and knowledge in creating related

works and study. And also, to use this study as a guide in design and

development of a system to include new features that are more relevant and

appropriate on their system.

The findings of the study can give system developers or system designers

a better insight of planning and developing systems to meet the very fast and

always changing requirement of the technology and as well as the society they

can find the study challenging for them to develop a prototype of the system

that is similar to this study.

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 Introduction 17

Scope and Delimitations

Sunset Bay Beach Hotel and Resort is a corporate business located at

Canaoay San Fernando City, La Union. The resort is consisting of thirty-one

(31) staffs and personnel not including the two (2) guards. The business has

static website containing the basic parts of a webpage. The site contains the

company heading, and below display the images of facilities and their

descriptions such as the restaurant and bar, how they accept transaction and

the features of resort like Wi-Fi.

The researchers aim is to improve the existing website of SBBHR by

incorporating the features of the transaction, booking, payments, information

of the resort to display the images of room and its description, display the

activities of the resort and also how their customers can contact them for

further questions about reservation. Through this improved proposed system of

the SBBHR it will catch the attention of would be costumers and tourist o visit

the resort’s new website online.

The system incorporates a login-password security that will help the

management and their customers to secured information and property from

theft, corruption and other types of damages that might happen during the

transaction or during the reservation process.

The delimitation of the proposed system of SBBHR is that the menu in

their bar and restaurant inside the resort is not included in the system. The

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 Introduction 18

system is focused on reserving/booking of rooms, for type payments for a

reserve room and has a feature like managing bookings, edit, delete, insert,

search information about the customer and resort. Input data and information

which are automatically saved and shown in database and automated back-

ups in database that will help the management to have an organize data and

ease of functionality.

Definition of Terms

Administrator- Mrs. Cora Marinas responsible in monitoring and maintaining

the SBBHRORS.

Booking- a transaction made between the costumer and the hotel or resort by

reserving a room or service.

Client- same as the costumer, that it refers to a person able to make

transaction into the system.

Database- a system that containing the records of resort’s authorized users,

registered costumer and other important data or information regarding the

resort. Including transactions made between the resort management and

customers.

E-commerce- an online transaction such as marketing, selling and buying of

different products and services through the use of internet.

Internet- the medium of communication used by people to socialized and

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 Introduction 19

communicate with another, inside and outside the country.

Manager- Mrs. Cora Marinas manage and serves as the SBBHR Online

Reservation System administrator.

Receptionist- a personnel or staff that confirms the reservation and

transaction of the SBBHR Online Reservation System and assist the costumers

in the resort.

Reservation- this refers to the process on how the clients/ costumers can

book rooms in advance.

Reservation System- a system able to reserve through the use of internet

such as reservation for rooms, function hall for events and other activities.

Resort- this refers to the feature present in SBBHR that caters room, pool, bar

and amenities to be used by customers.

Security- this refers to the method of protecting the system from unauthorized

access by using password and user rights.

Services – this are the services offered in the SBBHR.

System Administration- a type of user managing the systems database,

design and functions, also the person approves major transactions in the

reservation system.

User- this refers to people that uses the SBBHR to make refer to the personnel

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 Introduction 20

in the resort that manage the transaction between costumers.

Web Surfer- A type of user that searches for a resort or prospect a place for

vacation or stay.

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