‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٧  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤
 
 K٪٨٠W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٣W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
-١‐
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٧  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
  

 
300 GHz ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬300MHz
K30GHz1GHz
30 3 300 30 3 30 3 3
km km m m m cm cm mm
| | | | | | | |
‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬
VLF LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF ‫اﻟﻀﻮء‬
‫اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء‬
| | | | | | | |
10 100 1 10 100 1 10 100
kHz kHz MHz MHz MHz GHz GHz GHz

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W١ J١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
c
 f 

10
3x 10 cm/sec ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ c 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١ J١
 EGHZF‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
0.5 to 1 UHF* C
1 to2 L D
2 to 3 S E
3 to 4 S F
4 to 6 C G
6 to 8 C H
8 to 10 X I
10 to 12.4 X J
12.4 to 18 Ku J
18 to 20 K J
20 to 26.5 K K
26.5 to 40 Ka K
 K(‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ )א‬Ultra High Frequency (UHF) *
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١-١‫א‬‫א‬
-٢‐
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٧  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
  

‫א‬‫א‬KL ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬KD 
 
 30 cm (f = 30 GHz)1cm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(Microwaves)‫א‬(f=1GHz)
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢ J١

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J١
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

-٣‐
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٧  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ١ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EGHzF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬K٢
Microwave Monolithyc Integrated Circuit EMMICF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEGSMF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬K٣
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬K٤
‫א‬‫א‬Line Of Sight (LOS)
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KBroadband CommunicationSystem‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

-٤‐
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٧  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬EIonosphereF
 J٤
KIndustrialScientific and Medical( ISMF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢ J١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣ J١
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(Skin effect)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K f = 100 MHz
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٢ J١

 
 
 W٤ J١
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٧  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ERigidF J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFlexibleF J
KEfoilF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J١F KEZo=50Ω)‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢ J١F
900 500 400 200 ‫א‬   Zo  ‫א‬
MHz MHz MHz MHz D‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬ 

 21 16.2  12.5  10 6.9 0.95 Foam 75 RG-6

PE
39.5 27.5  24  18 6.15 0.58 PE 75 RG-59BU
17.1 12.1  10.5  7.2 10.3 1.63 Foam 75  RG-11
PE
 24  16  14  10 10.3 0.40 PE 75 RG-11 A/U
 24  16  14  10 14.1 0.4 PE 75 RG-12 A/U
28.5  20  33  23 4.95 0.18 PE 50 RG-58 C/U
 -  -  14  9 10.3 0.75 Pe 50 RG-213 U
 -  -  17  13 6.15 0.64 PE 93 RG-62 A/U
Edb/100mF‫א‬

-٦‐
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٧  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
  

EMicrostripF‫א‬٣ J٢ J١
‫א‬‫א‬
 Kεr‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬W٥ J١
 εr ‫א‬
 KE٥ J١F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Transverse Electro Magnetic ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(TEM)
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬ ٥ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬e ‫א‬ r ‫א‬
  1  r 1 1
   e  r 
2 2 12b
1
w

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦ J١

-٧‐
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٧  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
  

:‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
c
v 
  p 
e
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Micowave Monolitlyc ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Integrated Circuit (MMIC)
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٢ J١
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.ESkin effect‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬F‫א‬
 
   


 ‫א‬‫א‬W٧ J١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3GHz
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٧  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
  

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 220GHz ‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 
K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
f= 30 GHzf = 1 GHz ‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢
K‫؟‬‫א‬  J٣
K‫א؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
‫א‬E‫א‬FFM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
K‫א؟‬K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
K‫؟‬‫א‬
K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 KSkin Effect‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٤
 K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬e‫א‬
 

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