GTHT-0001 PLC Modulo de Entrenamiento Hidráulico Controlado

Guangzhou Guangtong Educational Equipment Co.
,LTD
PLC Modulo de Entrenamiento hidráulico controlado

P.N. : GTHT-0001
Manual Operacional&
Manual Experimental
Guangzhou Guangtong Educational Equipment Co.,LTD
Contents
Chapter 1 Equipment Main Data and Technical Parameters..............................................2
1. Structure Introduction...............................................................................................3
2. Precautions..............................................................................................................3
Chapter 2 Transparent hydraulic components introduction................................................6
1. The relay control unit instructions............................................................................6
2. The oil pump motor and adjusting
circuit..................................................................6
3. Double-acting cylinder.............................................................................................7
4. Spring return oil cylinder..........................................................................................8
5. Booster cylinder.......................................................................................................8
6. Unidirectional valve.................................................................................................9
7. Hydraulic control valve..........................................................................................10
8. Relief valve...........................................................................................................10
9. Throttle valve.........................................................................................................11
10. Speed regulating valve.......................................................................................12
11. Sequence valve..................................................................................................13
12. Pressure relief valve...........................................................................................13
13. Two position two way electromagnetic valve.......................................................14
14. Two position four way electromagnetic valve......................................................15
15. Three position four way electromagnetic valve...................................................16
16. Two position four pass valve...............................................................................17
17. Three position five way manual reversing valve.................................................18
18. Pressure relay.....................................................................................................18
19. Pressure gauge...................................................................................................19
20. Three-way valve, Four-way valve.......................................................................20
Chapter 3 Basic circuit experiment and theory
analysis....................................................20
Experiment 1 The reversing loop by using reversing valve........................................20
Experiment 2 The locking loop by using “O” functional reversing valve.....................21
Experiment 3 The locking loop by using hydraulic controlled one-way valve.............22
Experiment 4 Pressure setting loop...........................................................................23
Experiment 5 Two stage pressure loop......................................................................24
Experiment 6 Reducing loop by using reducing valve................................................25
Experiment 7 Boost loop by using pressure cylinder..................................................26
Experiment 8 Unloading loop by using reversing valve..............................................27
Experiment 9 The oil inlet throttling speed regulating loop.........................................28
Experiment 10 The oil return throttling speed regulating loop....................................30
Experiment 11 The variable pump speed regulating loop..........................................32
Experiment 12 Compound speed regulating loop with gear pump and speed regulating
valve...................................................................................................33
Experiment 13 Speed transition circuit with short connected flow valve....................34
Experiment 14 Two times feed loop in series of speed regulating valve....................35
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Experiment 15 Two times loop parallel to the speed regulating valve........................35
Experiment 16 Sequent circuit by using sequence valve...........................................36
Experiment 17 Sequent circuit by using pressure relay.............................................37
Experiment 18 Sequent circuit by using electrical stroke switch................................38
Experiment 19 Sequent circuit by using motion valve................................................39
Chapter 4 Appendix .......................................................................................................41
1. Electrical control wiring diagram of relay...............................................................41
2. Component list......................................................................................................42
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Capitulo 1 Datos principales del Equipo y parámetros
técnicos
1. Introducción sobre la estructura del modulo
Este Sistema adopta componentes hidráulicos transparentes, estructura de aleación de

aluminio, articulaciones de aceite activo y línea de circuito eléctrico general . Con el uso de
materiales de herramientas adjuntos y la instrucción experimental, es conveniente controlar,
experimentar y probar una variedad de usos comunes de la transmisión hidráulica y que
pueda permitir a los estudiantes comprender los principios, la estructura y el proceso de
trabajo del circuito de aceite y los componentes hidráulicos internos. Es un instrumento
esencial para la enseñanza de la transmisión hidráulica.
● Nombre Del Producto: PLC controlled hydraulic training device;

● Dimensiones: 1500mm(L)*650m(W)*1710mm(H);
● Voltaje de Entrada: AC220V, 50Hz;
● Voltaje de salida: DC24V, AC24V;
● Componentes de control Electrico: power supply unit, circuit protection unit, the
experimental station protection unit, relay control unit, micro switch (normally open,
normally closed) and so on.
● Maintenance interval: 90 days;
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2. Precautions
1) The user must know the hydraulic basic knowledge, study the curriculum and
textbook of 《 Mechanical foundation 》 , 《 hydraulic principles 》 , 《 hydraulic
transmission 》 , and read this manual in detail before working. Understanding the
structural performance of hydraulic components and working principle of oil
passage.
2) The experimental oil passage should have theoretical analysis, marked the letters of
each hydraulic component symbols in oil passage so as to proof.
3) Please arrange the component installation before assembling. Red symbol is Oil
inlet, no symbol is oil outlet. About some installation of components with special
requirements, please refer to 2-1 components. Please consider the whole location of
components in the circuit during overall arrangement. Joint direction of the oil hole
and arrangement of oil passage should be adjusted several times, which to be the
best solution.
4) It can connect the oil passage according to the marked the letter symbols of oil
holes. Please pull out the rubber stopper in oil hole before connection.
5) It can connect the controlled circuit after oil passage connection. Please pay
attention when connecting: Button connected to the NO startup should be NO
contact. If the No contact closed （or closed once）, the solenoid valve socket will
output voltage commutation I. Connected with NC stop button is NC contact. If the
NC contact disconnect (disconnect once), the solenoid valve socket will without
voltage and circuit has a self-locking function.
6) After installation, please carefully proofread circuit and oil hole if is in errors, the
electrical cable and socket plug is inserted in the wrong place or not in the end.
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7) Please firstly turn the knob of electrical machinery velocity modulation to the end by
counterclockwise rotation when switch on the oil pump motor. Press the start button,
make speed governor button clockwise to the desired oil passage or working
pressure.
8) Please exhaust the gas from chamber for the components without hydraulic oil flow
and tubing (such as pressure gauge, pressure switch, spring return cylinders etc.),
make the hydraulic components in low position when exhaust the gas, rapidly
rotating knob of oil pump motor back and forth to form mutative pressure fluid, which
make oil flow into chamber to exhaust the gas and replace the components.
9) Adjusted the motor speed to a higher place, then adjust the relief valve to make
circuit pressure to meet the requirement (Usually 0.4Mpa). If the relief valve cannot
meet the requirement, you can moderately adjust the motor speed.
10) Please pay attention to various phenomena if press the operation button to
demonstrate. In order to reduce wear and increase service life, the running time
should not too long.
11) After experiment, please dismantle the component in the high position for the oil
back into tank and pour out hydraulic oil in components, plug in rubber stopper,
clean the outer.
12) It can test self-designed circuit in the range of hydraulic components’ quantity and
variety. We also can process if you provide drawings and samples for other than
hydraulic components.
13) The photoelectric switches, proximity switches can take the place of limit switch.
14) Please understanding if it is not consistent with the operation manual because that
the function and structure of new components are updated and improved. And
please feel free to contact us, we will make detailed explanation for you.
Chapter 2 Transparent hydraulic components introduction

1. Relay control unit
Relay control unit is divided into two groups and the independent control signals can
control the corresponding solenoid valve.
Relay control system consists of two independent control groups. When press button
“reverse I” in group one, then the "open” socket has a output signal, then the
corresponding output signal indicator is turned on;
If press button “reverse II” button, then the "closed” socket has a output signal and the
corresponding output signal indicator is turned on. It means the two outputs interlocks,
it is mainly because that the two solenoid valves can not be powered on at the same
time.
So as the group 2 replay control unit.
Put the power on and connect the input and output to their corresponding station, the
relay control system can be operated.
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2. Oil pump motor and adjusting circuit
1. Brief Introduction
In order to meet the requirements of all the experiments, this device uses a small
DC motivate motors and DC regulator.
2. Technical Parameters of DC motor
Model: ZYC-110/12 Rated Current: 2.7A
Rated Power: 400W Rated voltage: 220DCV
Speed range: 1500r/min
3. Technical Parameters of DC regulator
Input voltage: AC220V
Output voltage: DC 0～220V
4. Please firstly turn the speed control knob of motor speed controller with
counterclockwise to the slowest position, then start oil pump motor and adjust the
speed or the oil pressure.
Note: in order to do the experiments quickly and safely, the speed better is lower than
400rpm and the pressure better lower than 0.5Mpa.
5. Please don’t start the oil pump motor when there is no oil in the tank.
6. Please check the oil line whether it is connected safely or misconnection before
start oil pump motor.
3. Double-acting cylinder
1. Fuel tank capacity: 80 ml

Stroke: 100 mm
Pressure range: 0-0.8 Mpa
2.The cylinder block, cover, stroke collision block, collision block supports of double-
acting cylinder adopts imported transparent plexiglass material. Mandrel with a 45 #
carbon steel and compose with Oil connector, seals and SHCS. It can observe the
structure and whole operating process of piston, plunger, seal and hole.
3. Both of the double-acting cylinder and collision block supports adopt elastic prongs
combination. It sets up several positioning elastic prongs behind the cylinder. Please
align all prongs to jacks and vertically push into the desired site.
4. Please make hole A and B upward when install the double-acting cylinder, so as to
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discharge the air chamber automatically during the operation. Collision block
supports are mainly used in contained hydraulic circuit limit switch. Limit switch and
collision block make effects on lateral force of cylinder plunger, which easily cause
cylinder seals damage or wear. Please pay attention to the distance between
maximum stroke and the edge of ejector. And it can prevent the damage on edge of
laboratory bench.
5. Avoid pulling the piston by plunger, which can prevent to pull off the connection of
piston and plunger. But you can push the piston plunger inward.
6. In order to meet the test requirements, you’d better configure 2sets of double-acting
cylinder, stroke collision block and collision block supports.
4. Spring return cylinder
1. Fuel tank capacity: 40 ml

Stroke: 60 mm
Pressure range: 0-0.6 Mpa
2. The cylinder block, cover of spring return cylinder adopts imported transparent
plexiglass material. Mandrel with a 45 # carbon steel and compose with Oil
connector, seals and SHCS. It can observe the structure and whole operating
process of piston, crown bar, seal and hole. It has vivid and reliable performance.
And it not only can show as teaching model, but also as the hydraulic test
components.
3. The spring return cylinders adopt elastic prongs combination. It sets up several
positioning elastic prongs behind the cylinder. Please align all prongs to jacks and
parallel push into the desired site.
4. Please pay attention to the distance between maximum stroke and the edge of
ejector. And it can prevent the damage on edge of laboratory bench.
5. Each device is only equipped with a spring return cylinders.
6. Avoid pulling the piston by crown bar, which can prevent to pull off the connection of
piston and plunger.
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5. Booster cylinder
1. Lower pressure side capacity: 138 ml

Pressurized side capacity: 54 ml
Stroke: 110 mm
Lower pressure side pressure ranger: 0-0.6 Mpa
Pressurized side pressure range: 0-1.0 Mpa
2. Front cover, rear cover, low pressure cylinder, turbocharged cylinder of pressurized
cylinders adopts imported transparent plexiglass material. Piston rod with Aluminum
alloy and compose with Oil connector, seals and SHCS. It can observe the structure
and whole operating process of piston rod, seal and hole. It has vivid and reliable
performance. And it not only can show as teaching model, but also as the hydraulic
test components.
3. The pressurized cylinders adopt elastic prongs combination. It sets up several
4. You can make a tee replace hole P for the pressurized cylinders only with hole P,
and it will not affect the experiment.
5. Please make hole A and B upward when install the double-acting cylinder, so as to
discharge the air chamber automatically during the operation.
6. Each device is only equipped with a pressurized cylinder.
6. Unidirectional valve
1. Pressure range: 0-1.0 Mpa
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Rated flow: 10 L/min
2. The structure of one-way valve refers to ModelⅠ-63B made in China, which Valve
and Screw plug adopts imported transparent plexiglass material. And the spool with
a 45 # carbon steel and compose with a spring, oil fittings and seals. It can observe
the structure and whole operating process of piston, a spring and hole. It has vivid
and reliable performance. And it not only can show as teaching model, but also as
the hydraulic test components.
3. The one-way valve adopts elastic prongs combination. It sets up four positioning
elastic prongs behind the cylinder. Please align all prongs to jacks and parallel push
into the desired site.
4. Noted: Hold P1 is oil inlet, Hold P2 is oil outlet.
5. The force acting on the valve body, parallel pull out of one-way valve, which avoid
pulling obliquely.
6. Each device is equipped with two one-way valve.
7. Hydraulic control valve

2. The structure of pilot operated valve refers to ModelⅠ-25B made in China, which
Valve and Screw plug adopts imported transparent plexiglass material. And the spool
with a 45 # carbon steel and compose with a spring, oil fittings and seals. It can
observe the structure and whole operating process of piston, a spring and hole. It
has vivid and reliable performance. And it not only can show as teaching model, but
also as the hydraulic test components.
3. The pilot operated valve adopts elastic prongs combination. It sets up four
4. Noted: Hold P1 is oil inlet, Hold P2 is oil outlet and hold K is controlled oil hole.
5. The force acting on the valve body, parallel pull out the pilot operated valve, which
avoid pulling obliquely.
6. Each device is equipped with two pilot operated valve.
7. The operating principles refer to textbooks and other hydraulic books.
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8. Relief valve

2. It refers to Model P-63B Low-voltage direct-acting Overflow valve made in China,
which valve body, bonnet, lock nut, adjusting nut and Screw plug adopts imported
transparent plexiglass material. Valve plug and adjusting lever is a 45 # carbon steel
and compose with a spring, oil fittings and seals. It can observe the structure and
whole operating process of spool, a spring and hole. It has vivid and reliable
test components.
3. The overflow valve adopts elastic prongs combination. It sets up four positioning
4. Noted: Hold P is oil inlet, Hold O is oil outlet.
5. The force acting on the valve body, parallel pull out the relief valve, which avoid
pulling obliquely.
6. Each device is equipped with two relief valve.
9. Throttle valve
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2. It refers to Model P-63B throttle valve made in China, which valve body, bonnet, lock
nut, adjusting nut and Screw plug adopts imported transparent plexiglass material.
Valve plug and adjusting lever is a 45 # carbon steel and compose with a spring, oil
fittings and seals. It can observe the structure and whole operating process of spool,
a spring and hole. It has vivid and reliable performance. And it not only can show as
teaching model, but also as the hydraulic test components.
3. The throttle valve adopts elastic prongs combination. It sets up four positioning
4. Note: Hold P1 is oil inlet, Hold P2 is oil outlet.
5. The force acting on the valve body, parallel pull out the throttle valve, which avoid
pulling obliquely.
6. Each device is equipped with a throttle valve.
10. Speed regulating valve
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2. It refers to Model Q-25B speed regulation valve made in China, which valve body,
bonnet, adjustable handle and Screw plug adopts imported transparent plexiglass
material. Throttle valve core, valve core and push rod is a 45 # carbon steel and
compose with a spring, oil fittings and seals. It can observe the structure and whole
operating process of spool, a spring and hole. It has vivid and reliable performance.
And it not only can show as teaching model, but also as the hydraulic test
components.
3. The speed regulation valve adopts elastic prongs combination. It sets up four
4. Note: Hold P1 is oil inlet, Hold P2 is oil outlet.
5. The force acting on the valve body, parallel pull out the speed control valve, which
avoid pulling obliquely.
6. Each device is equipped with two speed control valve.
11. Sequence valve

2. It refers to Model X-B25B Low-voltage direct-acting sequence valve made in China,
test components.
3. The sequence valve adopts elastic prongs combination. It sets up four positioning
4. Note: Hold P1 is oil inlet, Hold P2 is oil outlet and hold L is leakage hole.
5. The force acting on the valve body, parallel pull out the sequence valve, which avoid
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pulling obliquely.
6. Each device is equipped with two sequence valve.
12. Pressure relief valve

2. It refers to Model J-10B Low-voltage direct-acting Reducing valve made in China,
test components.
3. The reducing valve adopts elastic prongs combination. It sets up four positioning
4. Noted: Hold P1 is oil inlet, Hold P2 is oil outlet and hold L is leakage hole.
5. The force acting on the valve body, parallel pull out the reducing valve, which avoid
pulling obliquely.
6. Each device is equipped with a reducing valve.
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13. Two position two way electromagnetic valve
1. Rated flow: 10 L/min

Rated voltage: AC 24V
Operating pressure: 0-1.0 Mpa
2. It refers to Model 22D-25D Two position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve
made in China, which valve body and the valve mounting plate adopts imported
transparent plexiglass material. Valve plug and push rod is a 45# medium carbon
steel materials. Baffles and end cap adopt aluminum material, electromagnet and
operating process of a spring, oil fittings and hole.
3.Two position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve adopts elastic prongs
combination. Valve body mounted on Plexiglas mounting plate and it sets up four
positioning elastic prongs. Please align all prongs to jacks and parallel push into the
desired site. (Elastic prong with spare parts)
4. Note: Hold A is oil inlet, Hold B is oil outlet. Please pull out the oil plug in the oil hole
before installing oil passage. It is controlled by universal cable solenoid valve and
electrical control panel. (commutated I means the electromagnet is energized, stop
or commutated II means electromagnet without electricity)
5. The force acting on the valve body, parallel pull out the Two position two-way
electromagnetic reversing valve, which avoid pulling obliquely.
6. Each device is equipped with a Two position two-way electromagnetic reversing
valve.
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14. Two position four way electromagnetic valve

2. It refers to Model 24E-25D Two position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve
transparent plexiglass material. Valve plug and push rod is a 45# medium carbon
steel materials. Baffles and end cap adopt aluminum material, electromagnet and
3.Two position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve adopts elastic prongs
4. Note: Hold P is oil inlet, Hold O is oil outlet and hole A, B connects to oil passage
(such as cylinder). Please pull out the oil plug in the oil hole before installing oil
passage. It is controlled by universal cable solenoid valve and electrical control
panel. (commutated I means the electromagnet is energized, stop or commutated II
means electromagnet without electricity).
5. The force acting on the valve body, parallel pull out the Two position four-way
6. Each device is equipped with 2 Two position four-way electromagnetic reversing
valve, which avoid pulling obliquely.
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15. Three position four way electromagnetic valve ( type O, H, M)

2. It refers to Model 34E-25B Three position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve
transparent plexiglass material. Spool, push rod and positioning sleeve is a 45#
medium carbon steel materials. Baffles adopt aluminum material, electromagnet and
3. Three position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve adopts elastic prongs
(such as cylinder). Please pull out the oil plug in the oil hole before installing oil
passage. It is controlled by universal cable solenoid valve and electrical control
panel. It has three operating statuses such as stopped, commutated I and
commutated II.
5. The force acting on the valve body, parallel pull out the Three position four-way
6. Each device is equipped with a Three position four-way electromagnetic reversing
valve (Model O, H, M)
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16. Two position four pass valve
1. Operating pressure: 0-1.0 Mpa

2. It refers to Model 24C-25B Two position four-way reversing valve made in China,
which valve body, front cover and screw cap adopts imported transparent plexiglass
material. The spool and push rod is a 45# medium carbon steel materials. It
composes with a spring, oil fittings, seals and SHCS. It can observe the structure
and whole operating process of a spring, oil fittings and hole.
3.Two position four-way reversing valve adopts elastic prongs combination. It sets up
four positioning elastic prongs. Please make the installed cylinder rod stroke raised
to the maximum position, then reset the pushed rod and install, finally regulate push-
rod to make the valve stroke in the open position. (Spring compression position)
(such as cylinder).
5. The force acting on the valve body, parallel pull out the Two position four-way
reversing valve, which avoid pulling obliquely.
6. Each device is equipped with a Two position four-way reversing valve.
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17. Three position five way manual reversing valve

2. It refers to Model 34S-63B Three position five-way manual valve made in China,
which valve body, distal end cover and screw cap adopts imported transparent
plexiglass material. Valve plug and push rod is a 45# medium carbon steel
materials. It composes with a spring, oil fittings, seals and SHCS. It can observe the
structure and whole operating process of a spring, oil fittings and hole.
3.Three position five-way manual valve adopts elastic prongs combination. It sets up
several positioning elastic prongs. Please align all prongs to jacks and parallel push
(such as cylinder). Opening of the operating handle can be adjusted to the size of
the flow during working.
5. The force acting on the valve body, parallel pull out the Three position five-way
manual valve, which avoid pulling obliquely.
6. Each device is equipped with a Three position five- way manual valve.
18. Pressure relay
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Power supply: 0.8A
2. Its shell and bottom plate adopts imported transparent plexiglass material. Valve
plug is a 45# medium carbon steel materials. It composes with a spring, oil fittings,
seals and SHCS. And it can observe the structure of valve plug, spring and steel
ball, operating process under the action of the oil pressure and the electric shock on
or off.
3. Pressure relay adopts elastic prongs combination. It sets up four positioning elastic
prongs. Please align all prongs to jacks and parallel push into the desired site.
4. Note: Hold K is oil inlet, connects to controlled oil passage. Signal socket illustrates
the signal is on or off. ( The switch is off when pressure of oil passage is lower than
the regulating pressure, on the contrary, the switch is on.) It can control the relative
electromagnetic reversal valve if plug cable connects with the control panel.
5. The force acting on the valve body, parallel pull out the pressure relay, which avoid
pulling obliquely. (Elastic prong with spare parts)
6. Each device is equipped with a pressure relay.
19. Pressure gauge
1. Model: No. Y60

Stroke: 0.6MPa
2. Its mounting base adopts imported transparent plexiglass material.
3. Manometer adopts elastic prongs combination. It sets up two positioning elastic
4. Please drain out the air in the manometer and connected tubing before working.
(Pull out the manometer and set it in a lower position, repeatedly start and stop the
pump, which can make oil in and the air out.)
5. The force acting on the bottom, parallel pull out the pressure relay, which avoid
pulling obliquely. (Elastic prong with spare parts)
6. Each device is equipped with three manometers.
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20. Three-way valve, four-way valve
1. It is mainly used to increase the oil passage, which adopts imported transparent
plexiglass material and composes with 3 standard oil connectors and 4 standard oil
connectors.
2. Its hose clamps adopt elastic prongs combination. It sets up two positioning elastic
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Chapter 3 Basic circuit experiment and theory analysis

The basic circuit is composed of hydraulic components and can be used to accomplish
specific function. It is just the basic hydraulic circuit for all complex hydraulic systems. It
is
very helpful to comprehend the entire hydraulic system if you are familiar with these basic
circuits. Common basic circuits according to their functions can be classified as follows:
direction controlled loop, pressure controlled loop, speed control loop and sequence loop.
And each basic loop has a particular function.
Experiment 1 The reversing loop by using reversing valve

1. Experimental purposes:
Learn the commutation process of reversing valve.
2. Experimental content:
Reversing action of hydraulic system is controlled by reversing valve. As reversing loop
of the following picture, according to the reversing requirements, you can choose
various controlled types of reversing valve such as: two or three position, four or five –
way, manual, mechanical, hydraulic, electrical and so on.
3. Required components: (As shown in following picture)
Pressure gauge, double-acting cylinder, three position five-way manual valve, and
relief valve.
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Experiment 2 The locking loop by using “O” functional reversing valve

It adopts locking loop to make components stop in anywhere or prevent moving after
stopping. It is three position four way of the locking loop by using “O” functional
reversing valve.
The spool is in the intermediate position and the operating oil port of hydraulic cylinder
is closed when 1DT 、 2DT electromagnets are power off. Owing to two cavities of
cylinder is filled with fluid and the fluid is uncompressible, which make the piston lock in
any stroke position. This kind of locking loop with poor sealing reversing valve cause
the locking effect is poor, but the structure is simple.
3. Required components:
Pressure gauge, double-acting cylinder, three position four way "O" electromagnetic
valve, and relief valve.
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Experiment 3 The locking loop by using hydraulic controlled one-way

valve
It adopts locking loop to make components stop in anywhere or prevent moving after
stopping. It is the bireversing locking loop by using hydraulic control valve.
As picture shown, hydraulic pump output fluid through the reversing valve back to the
tank, and the system without pressure, hydraulic control valve A and B closed. Two
cavities of hydraulic cylinder cannot return oil and the piston is locked. If you want the
piston moves to right, reversing valve 1DT opened, left access to system, pressure oil
through the check valve into the left hydraulic cylinder, enter the oil port K of hydraulic
controlled one-way valve A, then open valve B, right chamber of the hydraulic cylinder
make oil return through valve B and reversing valve. On the contrary, it turns left.
Hydraulic control valve with good sealing, so the locking effect is better.
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Pressure gauge, double-acting cylinder, hydraulic control valve, three position four way
double electromagnetic valve(Type O), and relief valve.
Experiment 4 Pressure setting loop

It is using the pressure control valve to control the pressure in the oil system. And in
order to meet the requirements for implementation of components (hydraulic cylinder
or hydraulic motor) output force and the torque to overcome the load.
According to operating principle of overflow valve, and in order to make the pressure
system nearly constant, hydraulic pump outputs fluid meet system oil, compensate
system leaks and make sure the oil flow to tank by overflow valve. So the loop is
inefficiency and it generally uses in low flow.
Double-acting cylinder, relief valve, speed regulating valve, pressure gauge and the
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three position four way electromagnetic valve.
Experiment 5 Two stage pressure loop

During operating process, hydraulic machinery requires different pressure in various
stages. As the picture shown, the piston in the rise and fall status requires different
pressure. Then it needs Multi-stage pressure loop.
The picture is the two stage pressure loop that two kinds of pressure are controlled by
two overflow valves. Piston decreased is the working stroke, which need high pressure
and is controlled by overflow valve 1 with larger values. Piston raised is the non-
working stroke, which the system pressure is controlled by overflow valve 2 with lower
values. Then the up and down direction and the pressure converter can be converted
by the reversing control valve.
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Relief valve, double-acting cylinder and three position five way manual reversing valve.
Experiment 6 Reducing loop by using reducing valve

In quantitative pump hydraulic system, relief valve was set by working pressure of the
main system. The control system requires a lower working pressure, lubricating oil
circuit needs much lower working pressure, which it can adopt reducing loop.
The outlet pressure of reducing valve can be adjusted within the small pressure range.
The outlet pressure of valve can remain stable when system pressure fluctuations or
load changes.
Double-acting cylinder, two position four pass valve, pressure relief valve, relief valve
and pressure gauge.
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Experiment 7 Boost loop by using pressure cylinder

It makes partial oil passage or individual implementation of components to have higher
pressure than the main system. And there are many ways to supercharge. It is a
experiment of boost loop by using pressure cylinder.
Pressure cylinder is consist of the big and small hydraulic cylinders a and b. The big
piston of a cylinder and the small piston of b cylinder is connected by piston rob. When
pressure oil into the left chamber of a cylinder, it has an effect on the big piston that
promotes the big and small piston to move right. And b cylinder produces higher oil
pressure. The principle is as follows: the left force Fa of the large piston and the right
force Fb of the small piston (Excluding pressure loss)
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Fa=Pa*Aa; Fb=Pb*Ab
Pa——————————System pressure
Aa——————————Effective area of the big piston
Ab——————————Effective area of the small piston
Pb——————————b pressure of hydraulic cylinder
The force balance with each other because that the big and the small piston is
connected together by piston rod and movement is constant speed. If ignored friction
and other factors, Fa=Pa，PaAa= PbAb, as Pb= PaAe/Af. Pb>Pa as a result of Ae>Af.
As picture shown, the accessorial fuel tank plays a major role in rising cylinder piston,
fluid flow into b cylinder through the check valve to supply leakage of the partial
pipeline.
The auxilliary fuel tank, booster cylinder, spring return cylinder, two position four way
electromagnetic valve and relief valve, unidirectional valve.
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Experiment 8 Unloading loop by using reversing valve

It makes fluid flow out from hydraulic pump with min pressure reflow to tank when
components in the hydraulic system stop operating. The output power will be the
minimal if p is the lowest, which save power consumption of hydraulic pump motor and
reduce system heating. Then extend the service life of hydraulic pump.
It is unloading loop of three position reversing valve as picture shown. And the spool
valve should be M,H style. The fluid flows out from hydraulic pump and reflows to tank
by middle passage of reversing valve when the reversing valve is in the middle
position, which called hydraulic pump unloading. The structure of unloading loop is
very simple, but it will make impact with higher pressure and flow. So it is used in low
pressure and flow occasions. It can be unloaded by hydraulic or electric hydraulic valve
if the flow is larger.
Three position four way electromagnetic valve(Type H), double-acting cylinder and
relief valve.
29
Experiment 9 The oil inlet throttling speed regulating loop

It adopts quantitative pump to transport oil and regulates components speed by flow
valve. And it is called the oil inlet throttling speed regulating loop if flow valve is set on
inlet oil passage of components.
The fluid flows out from hydraulic pump into hydraulic cylinder through throttle valve to
promote motion of the piston. There is excess fluid reflowing to tank as usual, so
working pressure of hydraulic pump PB constant in setting pressure of overflow valve.
The force in the two directions of piston is in balance when piston leads components
do uniform motion. So
P1A=F+P2A
P1 Working pressure of the hydraulic cylinder right chamber
P2 Working pressure of the hydraulic cylinder left chamber (Backpressure) P≈20
F Load resistance of the piston (Cutting force, friction force and so on)
Ac---The effective operating area of hydraulic inlet or oil return chamber
P1=F/Ac
△P is differential pressure of throttle valve
△P=PB-P1=PB-F/A
Q1 is the flow into hydraulic pump through throttle valve
Q1=K A△Pm
It is the system of orifice structure and fluid nature. A is the flow cross-sectional area of
orifice. V is piston operating speed.
V=Q/Ac=KA( Pb-F/A)m/Ac
Analyzed the above equation, we can find oil inlet throttle loop has following properties:
Structure is simple and easy to use. A can easily adjust the velocity of the piston
because that the velocity V of piston is proportional to the flow cross-sectional area A
30
of throttle valve.
The stability of speed is poor. The working pressure of hydraulic pump PB is
proportional to the flow cross-sectional area A of relief valve, which A can easily adjust
the velocity of the piston.
The working pressure of hydraulic pump is in constant when adjusted by relief valve,
the adjusted flow area of throttle is unchanged and effective area A of piston is a
constant. So the piston velocity will fluctuate with the surface of load F.
Low speed and load with low system efficiency. The output power of hydraulic pump is
a fixed value because that the outputted flow and pressure of hydraulic pump is
unchanged. When components are operating at the low speeds and load, power of
hydraulic pump is wasted in the Overflow valve (flow loss) and Throttle valve (pressure
loss), which makes oil heated. The stability of operation is poor. Return oil of hydraulic
cylinder flows into tank directly, the return oil passage without pressure (Also called
backpressure). But when load is suddenly smaller, disappeared or a negative value,
the piston must keep moving to improve the stability of oil inlet. And it cascades
backpressure in the return oil passage as usual. (Or use overflow valve, check valve
with installed hard spring to be back-pressure valves).
This loop is usually applied in smaller power and load hydraulic system.
Two position four pass valve, double-acting cylinder, throttle valve and relief valve.
31
Experiment 10 The oil return throttling speed regulating loop

The experiment is oil return throttling speed regulating loop. It is the same analysis as
above. When piston is in uniform motion, the force equation of piston is as follows:
P1A=F+P2A
But P1+PB
P2=P1 F/A=PB F/A
Throttle valve outlet connected to tank and the pressure is P3≈0. So the differential
pressure of throttle valve is
△P=P1 P3=P2=PB F/A
The piston velocity
V=Q1/A
The formula is the same as the oil inlet throttling speed regulating loop, so as the
velocity modulation characteristics. It can have a dampening effect when the external
load changes because of the larger backpressure in return oil passage, which the
stability of operation is better than before. Furthermore, the heated oil will reflow to
tank in the oil return throttling speed regulating loop. And it is easy for radiating. But the
oil from throttle valve directly flow into hydraulic cylinder in the oil inlet throttling speed
regulating loop, which increases loop heat, decreases oil viscosity and increases
leakage. In summary, the oil return throttling speed regulating loop widely used in low
power, low load and higher balance of operation hydraulic system.
Two position four pass valve, double-acting cylinder, throttle valve and relief valve.
32
Experiment 11 The variable pump speed regulating loop

Its pressure oil flows out from hydraulic pump gets into hydraulic cylinder to push the
piston movement. It adjusts the pump speed of gear to change the oil amount, which
change the moving speed of the piston. Overflow valve has a protective effect in the
system, and it is opened when system overload, which defines the maximum pressure
of system engineering.
Comparing to throttling speed control, the volume speed control with high
efficiency(less loss of pressure and flow) and the loop is less heating. It is suitable for
larger power hydraulic systems.
Double-acting cylinder, relief valve, oil pump, and two position four pass valve.
33
Experiment 12 Compound speed regulating loop with gear pump and

speed regulating valve
It adopts gear pumps and throttle valve（speed regulating valve）to adjust speed. It is
usually called the volume throttling and compound speed regulating. The speed
regulating method is with stable effects and high efficiency.
The size of speed regulating valve orifice can change the flow into the hydraulic
cylinder, so it can change the velocity of the hydraulic cylinder. If the speed regulating
valve flow is Q1, pump flow is Q, the oil pressure rises. But the feature of pressure-
limiting variable vane pump is when operating pressure is greater than a pre-
determined value, pressure of pump will automatically reduce to Q=Q1.
In this loop, fuel flow of pump adjusts to oil requirement of system （The flow through
34
the speed regulating valve）, so it is with high efficiency and low heating. At the same
time, it adopts speed regulating valve, which the moving speed of the hydraulic
cylinder does not substantially change with the load.
Double-acting cylinder, relief valve, oil pump and three position four way
electromagnetic valve(Type H), throttle valve.
Experiment 13 Speed transition circuit with short connected flow valve

It adopts speed transition circuit with short connected flow valve. The picture shown is
low speed. When the two position two-way electromagnet IDT sets up an electric
circuit, speed regulating valve is shorted, return oil flow into tank directly by two
position two-way valve, then the velocity of piston is converted to fast speed. This loop
is very simple and common.
Double-acting cylinder, two position two way electromagnetic valve, two position four
way electromagnetic valve, relief valve and speed regulating valve.
35
Experiment 14 & 15 Two times feed loop with speed regulating valve in
series and in parallel
It is two times feed loop with speed regulating valve in series. Speed regulating valve A
is used for first infeed throttling and B is for the second. As picture shown, it is the first
working infeed throttling status, hydraulic Oil flow into hydraulic cylinder by speed
regulating valve A through two position two-way valve, and the feed-rate is controlled
by valve A. When valve C sets up an electric circuit, the right-bit access to system, and
the fluid flow through speed regulating valve A have to pass speed regulating valve B
into hydraulic cylinder. If the flow adjusted by B smaller than A, the second feed-rate
36
will depend on the valve B. So the opening of speed regulating valve B can change the
second feed-rate. The later speed regulating valve only can control lower speed when
speed regulating valve in series, so regulation subject to certain restrictions.
It can overcome above shortage if the two speed regulating valve in parallel (As picture
B). Two position three-way magnetic material reversing valve is the first working infeed
status as the picture shown and speed regulating valve adjust the feed-rate. The
system converts to second working infeed status when the reversing valve changes
direction and valve B adjust the feed-rate.
Double-acting cylinder, two position four way electromagnetic valve, relief valve and
speed regulating valve.
Experiment 16 Sequent circuit by using sequence valve

1. Experimental purpose:
In hydraulic transmission machinery, some components must strictly operate in
sequence. For example, hydraulic machine must firstly clamp, then the table moves for
cutting. And the sequent valve meets the requirement of hydraulic circuit. The common
sequent circuit can be divided to pressure control and stroke control according to
controlling principles.
This experiment is sequent circuit by using sequence valve. Valve A and B is
combination valve of relief valve and one-way valve, which called one-way sequence
37
valve. Clamping cylinder and drilling hydraulic cylinder sequence actions depending on
1-2-3-4. The two position four-way valve operates in manual before doing actions to
make it access to system in right position and pressure oil only can flow into the left
chamber of clamping cylinder. And the return oil through one-way valve of valve B back
to tank to achieve action 1. The piston reaches to end in right, clamp the workpiece,
system pressure increases, open the sequence valve of valve B, pressure oil flow into
the right chamber of drilling hydraulic cylinder, the return oil through reversing valve
back to tank to achieve action 2. After drilling, please loosen the handle, pull the
reversing valve to commutate and make the loop as picture shown. Pressure oil firstly
flow into the right chamber of drilling hydraulic cylinder, return oil through one-way
valve of valve A and manual reversing valve back to tank to achieve action 3. The
drilling return back and reach to end in left, then the oil pressure escalates. Open the
sequence valve of valve B, the pressure oil flow into the right chamber of clamping
cylinder, return oil through reversing valve back to tank to achieve action 4, which
above actions complete a working cycle.
The reliability of sequent circuit mostly depends on performance of sequence and
pressure setting value. In order to ensure the action sequence, please make the
setting pressure of sequence valve higher than the max working pressure of hydraulic
cylinder. And it usually larger than （8-10 ） ×10000Pa, otherwise the sequence valve
may cause the drilling cylinder produces first-mover phenomenon under pressure
fluctuations (That is because drilling before the workpieces are clamped ), which reflect
the reliability of operation. It is suitable for the small number of hydraulic cylinders,
small changes in the resistance experiments.
unidirectional valve.
38
Experiment 17 Sequent circuit by using pressure relay

Press the button to make the electromagnet IDT of cylinder A reversing valve sets up
an electric circuit, pressure oil flow into cylinder A (Assumed to be clamping cylinder)
left chamber that push the piston moves to the right. When hit the locating baffles 1 (or
clamping workpieces), system pressure increases, the pressure relay mounted near
the inlet chamber of cylinder A that sent out electrical signal. If make the electromagnet
2DT of cylinder B reversing valve sets up an electric circuit, pressure oil flow into
cylinder B (Assumed to be drilling infeed cylinder) left chamber that push the piston
moves to the right (starting drilling). This circuit is simple and with universal application.
And it can prevent the pressure relay send error signal, which pressure regulating
value should be higher than the max working pressure of cylinder A（3-5）×10000Pa.
pressure relay.
39
Experiment 18 Sequent circuit by using electrical stroke switch

The experimental procedures as following: press the button (Not shown in the picture),
make the electromagnet 1DT sets up an electric circuit, access to left-bit, pressure oil
flow into left chamber of hydraulic cylinder A and right chamber return oil, which
achieve action 1. When it reached to the end of cylinder A in right, the block presses
stroke switch IXK, the electromagnet 2DT sets up an electric circuit and hydraulic
pump oil flow into left chamber of cylinder B, which cylinder B achieve action 2. When it
reaches to the end of cylinder B in right, the piston block presses stroke switch 2XK,
electromagnet 1DT power off, the status of reversing valve as picture shown. Pressure
oil flow into right chamber of cylinder A, left chamber back to oil, piston return back,
then cylinder A achieve action 3. When reach to the end of cylinder A in left, the piston
block presses stroke switch 3CK, electromagnet 1DT power off, pressure oil flow into
left chamber of cylinder B, piston return back, then cylinder achieve action 4.
It adopts sequent circuit by using electrical switch. The electrical circuit control the
whole sequence of cylinder, which change the electrical circuit can change the
sequence. And it is convenient to adjust the stroke. But the reliability of this circuit
depends on electrical component and its electrical circuit is very complex.
Double-acting cylinder, two position four way electromagnetic valve, pressure relief
valve and micro switch (Normally open / Normally closed).
40
Experiment 19 Sequent circuit by using motion valve

When start working, please pull the reversing valve to make right-bit into the system,
horizontal hydraulic cylinder piston moves to the right (action 1). The collision block is
pressed by two position four-way stroke valve when it arrives to the end and vertical
hydraulic cylinder piston moves down (action 2). After the reversing valve change
direction, horizontal hydraulic cylinder return back in left (action 3). When the collision
block leave from stroke valve, stroke valve reset ( as picture shown) and vertical
hydraulic cylinder piston rises. ( action 4), which it is in order by 1-2-3-4. If adjust the
block position, you can control the interval time between action 2 and action 1.
This operation of the circuit is very reliable. But the stroke valve only can be installed in
the vicinity of the table. And it is hard to change the sequence.
Double-acting cylinder, two position four pass valve, three position five way manual
reversing valve and relief valve.
41
Chapter 4 Appendix
1. Electrical control wiring diagram of relay
42
Notes: The picture is wiring method of interlocking. S1 and S4 is the reversing 1, S2

and S3 is the reversing 2, S5 and S6 is stopped. It can use directly in jack of the
button if it is stroke switch. J3, J4, J7 and J8 is the control relay, and its terminal
control outputs. J2, J5, J6, J9, J11 and J12 is auxiliary relay. And OUT shown in
the picture is the control terminal.
2. Configuration list
No. Item P.N Unit Qty Remark
01-1 Experimental set 1
43
demonstration platform
Experimental
01-2 sheet 1
demonstration table
Mounted on the
Electrical circuit and control
piece 1 demonstration
panel
platform
02
Switching power supply
piece 1
unit
Relay control unit piece 1
Mounted on the
Dragging motor and speed
03 set 1 demonstration
regulating circuit
platform
Mounted on the
04 Oil pump motor piece 1 demonstration
platform
Mounted on the
05 Tank piece 1 demonstration
platform
Transparent
06 Auxiliary fuel tank piece 1 combination of
elements
Transparent
07 Double acting cylinder piece 2 combination of
elements
Transparent
08 Spring return cylinder piece 1 combination of
elements
Transparent
09 Booster cylinder piece 1 combination of
elements
Transparent
10 Unidirectional valve piece 2 combination of
elements
Transparent
11 Hydraulic control valve piece 2 combination of
elements
Transparent
12 Relief valve piece 2 combination of
elements
44
Transparent
13 Throttle valve piece 1 combination of
elements
Transparent
14 Speed regulating valve piece 2 combination of
elements
Transparent
15 Sequence valve piece 2 combination of
elements
Transparent
16 Pressure relief valve piece 1 combination of
elements
Transparent
Two position two way
17 piece 1 combination of
electromagnetic valve
elements
Transparent
Two position four way
elements
Transparent
Three position four way
19 “O” type piece 1 combination of
elements
Transparent
20 “H” type piece 1 combination of
elements
Transparent
21 “M” type piece 1 combination of
elements
Transparent
Two position four pass
valve
elements
Transparent
Three position five-way
Manual reversing valve
elements
Pressure relay piece 1 Transparent

24 combination of
elements
Micro switch (Normally piece 4 Transparent

25 open / Normally closed) combination of
elements
45
Inlet oil block piece 1 Transparent
26 combination of
elements
Return oil block piece 1 Transparent

27 combination of
elements
Pressure gauge 0- piece 3 Combination of

28
1.6Mpa elements
Transparent
29 Three-way valve piece 2 combination of
elements
Transparent
30 Four-way valve piece 2 combination of
elements
Transparent
31 Five-way oil return valve piece 1 combination of
elements
Universal cable of solenoid Electrical

32 piece 3
valve accessories
Electrical
33 Plug wire pressure relay piece 1
accessories
34 Adjustable wrench 125*19 piece 2 Experimental tool
35 Allen wrench M6 piece 2 Experimental tool
36 "Cross" screwdriver 4” piece 1 Experimental tool
37 Screwdriver 4” piece 1 Experimental tool
38 Needle-nose pliers 8” piece 1 Experimental tool
Inside and outside the hole

39 6” piece 2 Experimental tool
with pliers
Maintenance
40 Fuse 3A piece 10
spare parts
Maintenance
41 Spare tubing connector piece 5
spare parts
seve Maintenance
42 Various "0" ring
ral spare parts
46
seve Maintenance
43 Various SHCS
ral spare parts
44 Towel piece 5 Attachment
45 Transparent hydraulic hose meter 20 Attachment
46 Specialized hydraulic oil bottle 1 Material
47 Power line piece 1
48 Training line piece 24
47

GTHT-0001 PLC Modulo de Entrenamiento Hidráulico Controlado

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GTHT-0001 PLC Modulo de Entrenamiento Hidráulico Controlado

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Guangzhou Guangtong Educational Equipment Co.

PLC Modulo de Entrenamiento hidráulico controlado

Capitulo 1 Datos principales del Equipo y parámetros

Este Sistema adopta componentes hidráulicos transparentes, estructura de aleación de

● Nombre Del Producto: PLC controlled hydraulic training device;

Chapter 2 Transparent hydraulic components introduction

1. Fuel tank capacity: 80 ml

4. Spring return cylinder

1. Fuel tank capacity: 40 ml

1. Lower pressure side capacity: 138 ml

1. Pressure range: 0-1.0 Mpa

7. Hydraulic control valve

1. Pressure range: 0-1.0 Mpa

1. Pressure range: 0-1.0 Mpa

1. Pressure range: 0-1.0 Mpa

10. Speed regulating valve

1. Pressure range: 0-1.0 Mpa

11. Sequence valve

1. Pressure range: 0-1.0 Mpa

12. Pressure relief valve

1. Pressure range: 0-1.0 Mpa

1. Rated flow: 10 L/min

1. Rated flow: 10 L/min

1. Rated flow: 10 L/min

1. Operating pressure: 0-1.0 Mpa

1. Operating pressure: 0-1.0 Mpa

18. Pressure relay

1. Operating pressure: 0-1.0 Mpa

19. Pressure gauge

1. Model: No. Y60

20. Three-way valve, four-way valve

Chapter 3 Basic circuit experiment and theory analysis

Experiment 1 The reversing loop by using reversing valve

Experiment 2 The locking loop by using “O” functional reversing valve

Experiment 3 The locking loop by using hydraulic controlled one-way

Experiment 4 Pressure setting loop

Experiment 5 Two stage pressure loop

Experiment 6 Reducing loop by using reducing valve

Experiment 7 Boost loop by using pressure cylinder

Experiment 8 Unloading loop by using reversing valve

Experiment 9 The oil inlet throttling speed regulating loop

Experiment 10 The oil return throttling speed regulating loop

Experiment 11 The variable pump speed regulating loop

Experiment 12 Compound speed regulating loop with gear pump and

Experiment 13 Speed transition circuit with short connected flow valve

Experiment 16 Sequent circuit by using sequence valve

Experiment 17 Sequent circuit by using pressure relay

Experiment 18 Sequent circuit by using electrical stroke switch

Experiment 19 Sequent circuit by using motion valve

Notes: The picture is wiring method of interlocking. S1 and S4 is the reversing 1, S2

Pressure relay piece 1 Transparent

Micro switch (Normally piece 4 Transparent

Return oil block piece 1 Transparent

Pressure gauge 0- piece 3 Combination of

Universal cable of solenoid Electrical

34 Adjustable wrench 125*19 piece 2 Experimental tool

35 Allen wrench M6 piece 2 Experimental tool

36 "Cross" screwdriver 4” piece 1 Experimental tool

37 Screwdriver 4” piece 1 Experimental tool

38 Needle-nose pliers 8” piece 1 Experimental tool

Inside and outside the hole

44 Towel piece 5 Attachment

45 Transparent hydraulic hose meter 20 Attachment