Fluid-Structure Coupling

p g in DIRECT

ACTRAN Training
g – VIBRO

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 Introduction
 Pre-requisites
q - before g
going
g through
g this p
presentation,, the reader
should have read and understood the following presentations:
 Theory Acoustic Simulations
 Theory Vibro-Acoustic Simulations

 These slides present the different methods to couple solid and acoustic
Components.

 A specific attention is devoted to the use of incompatible meshes

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 Incompatible
p Meshes: Purpose
p

 Mesh discretization criteria can lead to

different element densities in solid and
acoustic
ti components
t

 Coupling of parts having different

meshes (tetrahedral mesh vs.
hexahedral mesh)

 An efficient solution of vibro-acoustic

problems implies the handling of mesh
incompatibilities

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 Outline
 Available ((vibro-acoustic)) coupling
p g methods

 Use
U off iincompatible
tibl meshes
h iin practice
ti

 Details of the projection technique used for incompatible meshes

 Projection algorithm
 Same variable coupling
 Different variables coupling

 Point aliasing

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 Vibro-acoustic Coupling
p g Methods

 In an ACTRAN 2D or 3D finite elements model

model, different components
can be coupled together
5 6 7
 Different
Diff t coupling
li methods
th d can b
be
2 3
identified:
2 3 8
 Type 1: compatible mesh
1 4
 Type 2: unequal mesh
 Type 3: “semi” unequal mesh 1 4 9
Type 1 : compatible
2 3 6 7 3 4 5 9
2

1 1 2
5 8 2 6
3

1 4 10 9 1 8 7 10

Type 2: unequal Type 3: "semi" unequal

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 Type
yp 1 - Compatible
p Mesh
 Using
g a compatible
p mesh,, ACTRAN automatically
y detects and handles
the coupling between different components

5 6 Interface 7
2 3
Cavity Structure

2 3 8

1 4

1 4 9
Elements description:  Nodes 6, 3 and 4 are common to both
 Element 1: QUA04, nodes 1,2,3,4 components: cavity and structure
 Element 2: QUA04,
Q nodes 2,5,6,3
 Each nodes supports up to 7 degrees of freedom
 Element 3: QUA04, nodes 3,6,7,8
 Element 4: QUA04, nodes 4,3,8,9  Displacements (and rotations) – 3 (or 6) doffs
 Pressure (1dof)

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 Type
yp 2 - Incompatible
p Meshes
 Using
g an unequal
q mesh, a set of coupling
p g surfaces needs to be defined to
specify ACTRAN which parts of the mesh needs to be coupled
Interface

2 3 6 7
GAP tolerance
2
Cavity Structure
1
5 8
3
Coupling surface 2
Coupling surface 1
1 4 10 9

 To obtain the best projection

 Coupling surface 1: with smallest elements
 Coupling surface 2: with largest elements
 Different coupling options are also available (see further)
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 Type
yp 3 - Semi-Compatible
p Meshes
 Using
g a “semi” unequal
q mesh (shared
( nodes,, different elements order),
),
ACTRAN automatically detects the coupling at the shared nodes
Interface

3 4 5 9

Cavity Structure
1 2
2 6

1 8 7 10

Elements description:
 Element 1: QUA08, nodes 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
 Element 2: QUA04, nodes 7,5,9,10

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 Compatible
p vs. Incompatible
p
 2 main coupling
p g methods are available in ACTRAN

 Compatible mesh
 ACTRAN handles the coupling between components inherently;
 Specific care should be brought to coupling of thin elements !!  use
different components on both sides of the thin shells
B p’ u,r p”

A C

some nodes have now

8 dofs !
 Incompatible mesh
 Specification of the surfaces to be coupled is mandatory
 Definition of an INTERFACE data block is mandatory
 Additional coupling options can be specified (specific stiffness, transfer
admittances …))
admittances,

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 Outline
 Available ((vibro-acoustic)) coupling
p g methods

 Use
U off iincompatible
tibl meshes
h iin practice
ti

 Details of the projection technique used for incompatible meshes

 Projection algorithm
 Same variable coupling
 Different variables coupling

 Point aliasing

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 Incompatible
p Meshes in Practice
 An incompatible
p coupling
p g is defined by
y an COUPLING SURFACE
COUPLING_SURFACE
INTERFACE that links two surface_id1

COUPLING_SURFACEs
 Definition of the coupling surfaces:
 The coupling surfaces should be identified using
a COUPLING_SURFACE data d t bl
block
k
 One coupling surface can only support one type COUPLING_SURFACE
of quantity, but multiple components (2 acoustic surface_id2
components, …)
 ACTRAN couples 2 surfaces based on a node Remark: In practice, to obtain the best
projection technique (see later) projection quality
 Surface_id1:
S f id1 surface
f with
ith smallll
elements
 Two types of coupling exist  Surface_id2: surface with large
 Coupling between same type of variables (p(p-p,
p, elements
u-u, r-r)
 Coupling between two different variables: u-p
 Coupling options vary following the coupling
type
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 Incompatible Meshes in Practice
D fi iti off the
Definition th Interface
I t f

 Syntax
S t iin th
the ACTRAN iinputt fil
file  Syntax
S t in i ACTRAN VI
BEGIN INTERFACE Id
SURFACE 1 2
[GAP_TOL value]
[PLANE_TOL value]
…
END INTERFACE Id
Involved Coupling
 SURFACE keyword points to the Surfaces
ID of the 2 COUPLING_SURFACE
 GAP_TOL and PLANE_TOL
controls the tolerances within the
projection technique (optional,
see further)
 All other keywords control
additional coupling options
(optional, see further)
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 Incompatible Meshes in Practice
D fi iti off the
Definition th Coupling
C li Surfaces
S f

 Syntax
S t iin th
the ACTRAN iinputt fil
file  Syntax
S t in i ACTRAN VI
BEGIN COUPLING_SURFACE 1
DOMAIN CS1
END COUPLING_SURFACE 1

BEGIN COUPLING_SURFACE
COUPLING SURFACE 2
DOMAIN CS2
END COUPLING_SURFACE 2

 A COUPLING_SURFACE only
requires
q the definition of a
DOMAIN and its Identification Domains of
number application

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 Outline
 Available ((vibro-acoustic)) coupling
p g methods

 Use
U off iincompatible
tibl meshes
h iin practice
ti

 Details of the projection technique used for incompatible meshes

 Projection algorithm
 Same variable coupling
 Different variables coupling

 Point aliasing

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 Projection
j Algorithm
g
 For p
projecting
j g nodes of surface 1 to surface 2
 Temporary mesh creation based on surface 2:
• Normal to nodes of surface 2 are computed
• gap tol  +gap_tol)
Element of surface 2 are extruded (from –gap_tol +gap tol) following the normal
• Extruded elements are then scaled by a factor to reach potential “side” node (tolerance = plane_tol)

 Try to find points of surface 1 located in this temporary mesh using fieldpoint
location algorithm
 Projection is obtained by setting the extruded parent coordinate to 0

Not found

GAP_TOL

surface 1

surface 2

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 Projection
j Algorithm
g ((2))
 Values are deduced on the p
projected
j nodes on the second surface
 These values (q’) are interpolated from the value of the closest nodes
and the shape function of the elements
 For u-p coupling, these values can be mapped on surface 1

q'
q
q'
q'
q' q
q'
q q q
q'
q'
q' q
q'
q
q'
q'
surface 1
q' q
surface 2

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 Projection
j Quality
y Check

 ACTRAN VI has a dedicated Map of projected nodes

feature to check the projection

quality
lit att th
the model
d l set-up
t
 Projection Manager Tool

 At the run time,, the same map

p Redno projection Blue  projection
is produced by ACTRAN and
Structure surfaces Acoustic surfaces
can be visualized in
ACTRAN VI

Ratio of structure nodes projected Projection Parameters

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 Coupling Identical Variables
P
Penalty
lt MMethod
th d (d
(default)
f lt)

 One can choose between:

 Constraining the relative motion or pressure difference to 0 using a
PENALTY parameter (default)
 Manually defining the constrain using additional options (see further)
 Constrain imposed with penalty method:
 The imposed constrain is equal to the average diagonal dynamic stiffness of
the projection element multiplied by the PENALTY parameter
 Symmetric contribution to dynamic stiffness
 Quality of coupling is observed using pressure or displacement difference
between nodes of coupling surface 2 and their projection on coupling
surface 1

surface
f 1

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 Coupling Identical Variables
P P Coupling:
P-P C li T
Transfer
f AdAdmittance
itt

 A specific transfer admittance can be imposed between two acoustic

components:
 Can be used for modeling perforated plates!
 The coefficients can be frequency-dependent
 Absorbed energy is retrieved by taking the difference between the 2
radiated powers of each coupling surface
 Symmetric contribution to dynamic stiffness if the transfer admittance
matrix is symmetric

No penalty should
defined

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 Coupling Identical Variables
U U (R
U-U (R-R)
R) C
Coupling:
li Stiff
Stiffnesses

 Specific
p stiffnesses can be imposed
p between two structural
components:
 NORMAL and TANGENT STIFFNESS can be imposed for u-u
u u coupling
 NORMAL, TANGENT1, TANGENT2 translation and rotation stiffnesses can
be imposed for u-u r-r coupling
 All values can be relative to the average diagonal dynamic stiffness of
the projection element by using the RELATIVE keyword (as with the
PENALTY)

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 Coupling
p g Fluid and Solid Variables (U-P)
( )
 Acoustic values are deduced on the structure nodes p
projected
j on the
acoustic surface
 These values (p’)
(p ) are interpolated from the value of the closest acoustic
nodes and the shape function of the elements
 Apply
A l these
h pressure values
l p’’ as mechanical
h i l lloading
di on solid
lid nodes
d
 Uses equivalent u’ as acoustical loading on p
 Symmetric contribution to dynamic stiffness
p' u
p' u p
p'
u p' p
u’
Structure mesh p' p u’
p'
u u
u’
p'
p
p' p
u u’
p'
p' u u
u’ Acoustic mesh
p'
p
u’
p' p

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 Outline
 Available ((vibro-acoustic)) coupling
p g methods

 Use
U off iincompatible
tibl meshes
h iin practice
ti

 Details of the projection technique used for incompatible meshes

 Projection algorithm
 Same variable coupling
 Different variables coupling

 Point aliasing

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 Point Aliasing:
g Purpose
p
 Beside the INTERFACE data block, an alias constrain between sets of
nodes can also be imposed in ACTRAN:
 Modeling
g Periodic BC
(See dedicated presentation)
 Selective dof coupling
 Equivalence
E i l nodes
d

 A geometrical shift can be imposed between the two sets of nodes

 The sets of nodes should be equivalent
q as the dofs are aliased and
cannot be coupled with 2 or more nodes on the opposite set

OK KO
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 Point Aliasing:
g Syntax
y

 Syntax
S t iin th
the ACTRAN iinputt fil
file  Syntax
S t in i ACTRAN VI
BEGIN POINT_INTERFACE Id
SURFACE 1 2
[GAP_TOL value]
DOF_TO_LINK code
[TRANSFORMATION Id]
[PHASE_SHIFT value]
[PHASE_ORDER value]
END POINT_INTERFACE Id
Involved coupling
surfaces
 SURFACE keyword points to the
ID of the 2 COUPLING_SURFACE
 GAP_TOL controls the tolerances
within the projection technique
(optional, see further)
 DOF_TO_LINK controls which
d
degrees off freedom
f d are
constrained (M) or let free (I)
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 Going
g Further
 The concepts
p that have been p
presented are put
p in p
practice in the workshop
p
Workshop_VIBRO_2_Vibro-acoustic_coupling.pdf

 The different porous materials and components are presented in

VIBRO 3 Porous Materials pdf
VIBRO_3_Porous_Materials.pdf

 The composite materials are presented in VIBRO_4_Composite_Materials.pdf

VIBRO 4 Composite Materials pdf

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