END OF EGYPTION ERA.

2nd TEST STARTS BELOW

ANCIENT NEAR EAST

SumerianAkkadBabylonianAssyriaPersia
Mesopotamia- Very turbulent natural and warlike setting unlike Egyptian
stability
Cuneiform- Wedge like writing, popularly inscribed in mud

=
Sumer- The white Temple-Ziggurat- Protoliterate period c.3500 BCE
Cella- main room, only entered by priests.
Main entrance on south-east side.
Bent axis approach, uruk- not straight staircase, bent axis
Female Head- marble c.3500 BCE. Very expensive and important. Inlayed
eyes, hair covered with gold or copper wig.

Votive Statues- Tel-Asmar c.3500 BCE. Gift to the gods.

Gypsum inlaid with shell and black limestone
Goat caught in thicket- Bronze cast c.2600 BCE. Ur
Bronze casting. Very magnificent. Advanced.

Imdugud c.2500 BCE Heraldic composition- central figure with symmetrical

on each side. To ward off evil.
A lintel (post and lintel construction) Storm god.
Harp- Inlay panel from sound box- Ur. C.2600 BCE. Anthropomorphic.
Zoomorphic- People with animal characteristics.
Royal standard of Ur “war”/”peace” c.2600
Registers, Hieratic scale, multiplicity of horses.
The enemy has been conquered. War ended
2nd Side- Bringing sacrifices, bringing animals for feast

AKKAD
Ruler Sargon 2300BCE
Found in Ninveh. Glorify the soveirenty.
Bronze

Stele of Naram Sin c2300

Stele- Stone marker. Free standing. Commemorative. Pink sandstone
Sarons grandson. Hieratic scale. We can see the terrain. Battle scene on the
bottom. Sign of kingship.
Gudea c2500 Diorite
Has a dream to rebuild temple of lagash. Plans are on his lap.
Rounded body. Unlike Egyptian art. Represented has a man not god.

Babylonian

Isin-larsa. Terracotta- Clay pottery

Inanna, ishtar, lilith- god. God of fertility. Voluptuous.
She is in command- Here helmet and wing
Owl- god of death and resurrection
Bird- wings and feet are falcon. Most powerful bird
Terra-cotta cult statue c2025-1762 BCE
Ht 20”
Stele code of Hamurabi
c.1726 BCE
Diorite 7’ high
Shamosh god is giving Hamurabi the code
Composite view. Hieratic scale.
Headress. Profiling.

Hitties
Lion Gate Bogazkoy (Anatolia) c.1400 BCE
Cyclopean Stones. Lions protecting fort.
Assyrian Art
Citadel of Argone II c.720 BCE
Dur Shorrukin
Entrace, Main courtyard. Palace.
Palace- 50’ high. Mudbrick with timber roofs.
Ziggurat 8 stories to the gods.

Palace of Sargone II
Lamessu- Body of bull.
[INSERT ART]
Army fording a river- Nimrod c.850 Assyria.
Temple of Assurnasirpal- Was built with mudbrick and limestone.
Decorated with these relief’s, carpets, painted, color, details
Enemy fleeing relief from birds eyes view. Floatation device is dead animal.
Overlapping shows person behind chariot
King Hunting Lions c.850
Same temple as above
Not a real lion hunt because musicians are behind it,
More legs show more horses

Lion attacking chariot c.850

Same relief, temple
Wounded Lioness c.650
Temple of Ninveh- King Assurbanipal
Artist portrayed a lot of pain in Lioness

Neo Babylonian
Ishtar Gate in Iraq c.525
Nebuchadnezzar
Thousands of individually glazed bricks with Raised animals.
Animal relief’s.
Persian Period. Cyrus the Great
Persian lasted 2 centuries. Hodu to Cush. Darius and Zerksys.
Persepolis c.518
Built by Darius I
Relief’s on side of palace. Massive Columns

Double headed bull

Top of the column in Palaces of Ataxerkxis.
Heinrich Schlieman
Sir Arthur Evans
Linear A, Linear B
Aegean Art- Marble c.2500
Cycladic, Minoan- on Crete
Mycenaean- Helladic on Greek mainland.

Cycladic Art c.2500 BCE

Marble female idols
Harp Player
Minoan Art
Palace at Knossos, Crete
Ground plan,
Was administrative and trade center. Port next to it.
Found goods from Crete in Egypt signified trade
Columns- used to be narrow at bottom and “grow” until reaches top
No fortification- no military campaigns in wall paintings.
Queens Megaron- dolphins.
Wall painting, fresco- when drawing that is applied to the wet plaster before
it dries.
Pottery- Kamaresware
Beak jug- c.1850

Octupus Vase c.1500

Signified an octopus whos eating.

Wall painting, palace of Knossos

Bull Jumping c1500 BCE

Harvester Vase- Stone Rhyton

c.1550
Snake Goddes
Minoan, Crete. Holding snakes. Wearing headdress
Terecotta, 13” tall.
Breats Revealed (hehe)

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