6th Year

German
Higher Level
Julie Cullen

Grammar

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DSOG Easter 2017 8pg A4 FINAL PRINT.indd 2 20/02/2017 13:25

 Timetable
An extensive range of course options are
available over a two-week period to cater for
students’ timetable needs. Courses are held over
the following weeks:
»» Monday 10th – Friday 14th April 2017
»» Monday 17th – Friday 21st April 2017
All Easter Revision Courses take place in The Talbot Hotel, Stillorgan
(formerly known as The Stillorgan Park Hotel).

6th Year Easter Revision Courses 5th Year Easter Revision Courses
SUBJECT LEVEL DATES TIME SUBJECT LEVEL DATES TIME
Accounting H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 12:00pm - 1:30pm English H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 12:00pm - 1:30pm
Agricultural Science H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 10:00am - 11:30am Maths H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 10:00am - 11:30am
Applied Maths H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 8:00am - 9:30am Note: 4th Year students are welcome to attend any of the 5th Year courses
Art History H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 2:00pm - 3:30pm listed above.

Biology Course A* H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 8:00am - 9:30am

3rd Year Easter Revision Courses
Biology Course A* H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 10:00am - 11:30am
SUBJECT LEVEL DATES TIME
Biology Course B* H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 10:00am - 11:30am
Business H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 2:00pm - 3:30pm
Biology Course B* H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 8:00am - 9:30am Studies
Business H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 12:00pm - 1:30pm English H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 10:00am - 11:30am
Business H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 8:00am - 9:30am English H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 12:00pm - 1:30pm
Chemistry Course A* H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 8:00am - 9:30am French H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 12:00pm - 1:30pm
Chemistry Course B* H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 10:00am - 11:30am Geography H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 8:00am - 9:30am
Classical Studies H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 2:00pm - 3:30pm German H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 2:00pm - 3:30pm
Economics H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 8:00am - 9:30am History H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 8:00am - 9:30am
Economics H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 10:00am - 11:30am Irish H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 12:00pm - 1:30pm
English Paper 1* H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 8:00am - 9:30am Maths H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 8:00am - 9:30am
English Paper 2* H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 8:00am - 9:30am Maths H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 10:00am - 11:30am
English Paper 2* H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 10:00am - 11:30am Maths O Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 2:00pm - 3:30pm
French H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 10:00am - 11:30am Science H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 12:00pm - 1:30pm
French H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 8:00am - 9:30am Science H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 8:00am - 9:30am
Geography H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 8:00am - 9:30am Spanish H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 2:00pm - 3:30pm
Geography H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 2:00pm - 3:30pm Note: 2nd Year students are welcome to attend any of the 3rd Year courses
German H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 12:00pm - 1:30pm above.
History (Europe)* H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 2:00pm - 3:30pm
6th Year Oral Preparation Courses
History (Ireland)* H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 12:00pm - 1:30pm
With the Oral marking component worth up to 40%, it is of paramount
Home Economics H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 12:00pm - 1:30pm importance that students are fully prepared for these examinations. These
Irish H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 10:00am - 11:30am courses will show students how to lead the Examiner towards topics they
are prepared for. This will equip students with the information they need to
Irish H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 12:00pm - 1:30pm
maximise their performance in the State Examinations.
Maths Paper 1* H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 8:00am - 9:30am
FEES: €140
Maths Paper 1* H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 12:00pm - 1:30pm
VENUE: The Talbot Hotel, Stillorgan (formerly The Stillorgan Park Hotel)
Maths Paper 1* H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 8:00am - 9:30am
Maths Paper 2* H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 10:00am - 11:30am SUBJECT LEVEL DATES TIME
Maths Paper 2* H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 10:00am - 11:30am French H Sunday 12th March 9:00am - 1:00pm
Maths Paper 2* H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 12:00pm - 1:30pm German H Saturday 11th March 9:00am - 1:00pm
Maths O Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 10:00am - 11:30am Irish H Sunday 19th March 9:00am - 1:00pm
Maths O Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 12:00pm - 1:30pm Spanish H Saturday 11th March 2:00pm - 6:00pm
Physics H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 10:00am - 11:30am
Spanish H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 12:00pm - 1:30pm
Spanish H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 10:00am - 11:30am
Note: 5th Year students are welcome to attend any of the 6th Year courses
above. BUY 2 COURSES &
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* Due to large course content, these subjects have
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covered in these courses, please see 3 pages ahead.

To book, call us on 01 442 4442 or book

online at www.dublinschoolofgrinds.ie

DSOG Easter 2017 8pg A4 FINAL PRINT.indd 3 20/02/2017 13:25

 THE GRAMMAR

©The Dublin School of Grinds 55 Ms Julie Cullen

It is important that you understand what these words mean in both English and German. The
language that you speak everyday has come naturally to you. Although a parent may correct
your grammar “I have done, NOT I done!”, they don’t usually shout “That’s not the correct past
participle! You used your modal verb incorrectly!” In German, we’re expected to know what all
of this means when we’re not even sure of it in English. Let’s fix that.

Section 1 - Grammatical terms

English German Meaning & example

nouns Substantive Person, place or a thing // der Mann

definite article bestimmte Artikel The // der/die/das

indefinite article unbestimmte Artikel A // ein/eine

cases Fälle Nominativ // Accusativ // Dativ // Genitive

gender Geschlect Masculin // Feminin // Neuter

adjectives Adjektive Describes a noun // die blaue Bluse

prepositions Präpositionen Informs about time & place // in die Schule

pronouns Pronomen Replaces a noun // er/sie/es

verbs Verben Action word // ich gehe

interrogative Fragewörter Wer? Wem? Wo? Wann? Warum? Was?

word order Wortfolge word to end of sentence, verb inverts etc.

relative pronouns Relativpronomen Refers back to a noun

©The Dublin School of Grinds 56 Ms Julie Cullen

 English German Meaning & example

tenses Zeiten Past, Present, Future

modal verbs Modalverben sollen/ wollen/ mögen/ dürfen/ können/

müssen
present tense im Präsens ich gehe/ du gehst/ er geht/ wir gehen

perfect tense im Perfekt Recent past/ letter writing/ ich habe ...
gemacht
imperfect tense im Imperfekt/ Distant past/ story telling/ ich war/ ich
Präteritum hatte
conditional tense Konjunctiv would ... formed using ‘würden’ ... ich
würde nicht rauchen
future tense im Futur Use ‘werden’: Ich werde zur Schule gehen

past participle Partizip Perfekt gemacht/ gehabt/ gewesen/ gewohnt/

gelebt
infinitive Infinitiv werden/ haben/ sein/ lesen/ machen/
kommen
Pluperfect tense Plusquamperfekt Past past ... I had eaten ... Ich hatte
gegessen ... Imperfect of haben/sein +
past participle
Subjunctive Konjuntiv I und II Expresses doubt
wäre/ hätte/ würde/ gäbe

©The Dublin School of Grinds 57 Ms Julie Cullen

 Section 2 - Nouns
What is a noun?
A noun is a person, a place or a thing. It is anything you can put the word ‘the’ in front of and it
still makes sense.

In German, a noun is one of three genders:

Masculine - der Vater

Feminine - die Mutter

Neuter - das Kind

All nouns in German get a capital letter.

What is a compound noun?

A compound noun is a noun made up of two or more nouns. It always takes the gender of the
last noun. eg. der Milchmann

Rules for Gender

How do you know if a noun is masculine, feminine or neuter?

With each new noun you learn, you should learn the gender too. However, there are some
tricks:

Masculine
1. Male persons and animals
2. Names of seasons, months and days
3. Nouns ending in -ig and -ling
4. Nouns ending in -er that refer to a person
5. Most nouns ending in -en (except verbs used as nouns)

©The Dublin School of Grinds 58 Ms Julie Cullen

 Feminine
1. Female persons and animals
2. Nouns ending in - e
- ei
- ik
- in
- ion
- heit
- keit
- schaft
- tät
- ung

Neuter
1. Infinitives used as nouns
2. Nouns ending in - ment
- tum
3. Diminutives (making a word smaller)
- lein
- chen

*Nouns came up on ‘Angewandte Grammatik’ in 2015, 2010 and 2008

©The Dublin School of Grinds 59 Ms Julie Cullen

 2015 ‘Angewandte Grammatik’ Nouns

©The Dublin School of Grinds 60 Ms Julie Cullen

 2010 ‘Angewandte Grammatik’ Nouns

©The Dublin School of Grinds 61 Ms Julie Cullen

 2008 ‘Angewandte Grammatik’ Nouns

©The Dublin School of Grinds 62 Ms Julie Cullen

 Section 3 - Pronouns
What is a personal pronoun?
Personal pronouns represent specific people or things. For example: you/ me/ him/ her

What is a possessive pronoun?

Possessive pronouns are used to show ownership. For example: mine/ his/ hers

What is a relative pronoun?

A relative pronouns relates back to a noun already mentioned.

Personal Pronouns

*Personal pronouns came up on ‘Angewandte Grammatik’ in 2007 and 2005

©The Dublin School of Grinds 63 Ms Julie Cullen

 2007 ‘Angewandte Grammatik’ Personal Pronouns

©The Dublin School of Grinds 64 Ms Julie Cullen

 2005 ‘Angewandte Grammatik’ Personal Pronouns

©The Dublin School of Grinds 65 Ms Julie Cullen

 Possessive Pronouns

mein mine
dein yours
sein his / its
ihr hers / its
unser ours
euer yours plural
ihr theirs
Ihr yours polite

* Possessive pronouns follow the same declension pattern as The Indefinite Article

Relative Pronouns

Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural

Nominative der die das die
Accusative den die das die
Dative dem der dem denen
Genitive dessen deren dessen deren

* It is the same as the ‘der/ die/ das’ table except for Dative Plural & Genitive.
* Relative pronouns came up in 2015, 2011, 2009, 2008, 2004

©The Dublin School of Grinds 66 Ms Julie Cullen

 2015 Relative Pronouns ‘Angewandte Grammatik’:

©The Dublin School of Grinds 67 Ms Julie Cullen

 2011 Relative Pronouns ‘Angewandte Grammatik’:

©The Dublin School of Grinds 68 Ms Julie Cullen

 2009 Relative Pronouns ‘Angewandte Grammatik’:

2008 Relative Pronouns ‘Angewandte Grammatik’:

!
©The Dublin School of Grinds 69 Ms Julie Cullen
 2004 Relative Pronouns ‘Angewandte Grammatik’:

©The Dublin School of Grinds 70 Ms Julie Cullen

 Section 4 - Articles & Cases

What is a case?
Case refers to the noun or pronoun in a sentence. In German, there are four cases:

1. The Nominative Case

2. The Accusative Case
3. The Dative Case
4. The Genitive Case

What is the Nominative Case?

The Nominative Case names the doer or the subject of the sentence.

What is the Accusative Case?

The Accusative Case refers to the direct object of the sentence. (The person or thing on the
receiving end of the action).

What is the Dative Case?

The Dative Case refers to the indirect object of the sentence. It is used with the sense of ‘to/
for/from’.

What is the Genitive Case?

The Genitive Case refers to ownership or possession.

What is the Definite Article?

The Definite Article (bestimmte Artikel) is the word ‘the’. (see der/die/das table)

What is the Indefinite Article?

The Indefinite Article (unbestimmte Artikel) is the word ‘a’. (see ein/eine/ein table)

* Definite and indefinite articles came up in 2014 and 2006

©The Dublin School of Grinds 71 Ms Julie Cullen

 The Definite Article - ‘The’ (der/die/das)

Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural

Nominative der die das die
Accusative den die das die
Dative dem der dem den
Genitive des der des der

The Indefinite Article - ‘A’ (ein/eine/ein)

Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural

Nominative ein eine ein keine
Accusative einen eine ein keine
Dative einem einer einem keinen + n on
noun
Genitive eines + s on einer eines + s on noun keiner
noun

©The Dublin School of Grinds 72 Ms Julie Cullen

 2014 Definite / Indefinite Articles ‘Angewandte Grammatik’

©The Dublin School of Grinds 73 Ms Julie Cullen

 2006 Definite / Indefinite Articles ‘Angewandte Grammatik’

©The Dublin School of Grinds 74 Ms Julie Cullen

 Section 5 - Adjectives
What is an adjective?
An adjective describes a noun.
In German, the adjective gets an ending. There are three different tables.

Adjective endings after der/die/das

Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural

Nominative e e e en
Accusative en e e en
Dative en en en en
Genitive en en en en

Adjective endings after ein/eine/ein

Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural

Nominative er e es en
Accusative en e es en
Dative en en en en
Genitive en en en en

Endings of adjectives used alone

Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural

Nominative er e es e
Accusative en e es e
Dative em er em en
Genitive en er en er

* Adjectives came up in 2013

©The Dublin School of Grinds 75 Ms Julie Cullen

 2013 Adjective endings ‘Angewandte Grammatik’

©The Dublin School of Grinds 76 Ms Julie Cullen

 Section 6 - Prepositions
What is a preposition?
A preposition usually tells you about time, manner or place. In German, prepositions affect the
noun coming after them.

Prepositions that always take the Dative

aus - out of
bei - at, near
mit - with
nach - to, after, according to
seit - since
von - from
zu - to
gegenüber - opposite

eg. Ich fahre mit dem Bus zur Schule.

Prepositions that always take the Accusative

durch - through
für - for
gegen - against
ohne - without
um - around, at (time)
entlang - along
bis - until, to

eg. Sie geht den Fluss entlang.

©The Dublin School of Grinds 77 Ms Julie Cullen

Prepositions that take Dative or Accusative

*The accusative shows movement TO a place and the dative shows movement AT a place

an - at, on
auf - on
hinter - behind
in - in
neben - beside
vor - in front of
über - over
unter - under
zwischen - between

eg. Wir gehen ins Kino. (movement to a place)

Wir sind im Kino. (at a place)

Prepositions that always take the Genitive

statt - instead of
diesseits - this side of
jenseits - on the other side
während - during
wegen - on account of
trotz - in spite of
außerhalb - outside
innerhalb - inside

eg. Während des Sommers arbeite ich.

Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural

Nominative der die das die

Accusative den die das die
Dative dem der dem den
Genitive des + s on the der des + s on the der
noun noun

©The Dublin School of Grinds 78 Ms Julie Cullen

* The preposition exercise only requires that you put the correct preposition in the space.
* You should revise the meanings of prepositions on the previous pages
* Prepositions came up in ‘Angewandte Grammatik’ in 2012

2012 Prepositions ‘Angewandte Grammatik’

©The Dublin School of Grinds 79 Ms Julie Cullen

 Section 7 - Word Order & Conjunctions

* Follow the rule of ‘Time - Manner - Place’

Examples of ‘time’

am Samstag on Saturday
an demselben Tag on the same day
bei Tag during the day
dieses Jahr this year
eines Morgens one morning
heute vor acht Tagen this day last week
immer always
letzte Woche last week
manchmal sometimes
meistens mostly
montags mondays
morgen abend tomorrow evening
morgen früh tomorrow morning
nach dem Film after the film
nach der Schule after school
nach einer Weile after a while
nächsten Sommer next summer
nächstes Jahr next year
nie never
normalerweise normally
oft often

©The Dublin School of Grinds 80 Ms Julie Cullen

 um 7 Uhr at 7 o’clock
vor der Schule before school
vorgestern the day before yesterday
während der Woche during the week

Examples of ‘manner’

How did the action take place?

bei Fuß - by foot

mit dem Bus - by bus
mit dem Fahrrad - by bicycle
mit dem Flugzeug - by plane
mit dem Zug - by train
mit der Fähre - by ferry
mit der Straßenbahn - by tram

Examples of ‘place’

auf der Straße - on the street

auf die Universität - at university
bei meinem Freund - at my friend’s house
bei mir - at my house
draußen - outside
drinnen - inside
im Park - in the park
in der Kneipe - in the pub
in der Stadt - in the town
in meinem Zimmer - in my room
ins Theatre - in the theatre
nach Dublin - to Dublin
zu Hause - at home
zur Schule - to school

©The Dublin School of Grinds 81 Ms Julie Cullen

Examples of ‘Time - Manner - Place’:

1. Ich fahre am Montag mit dem Bus zur Schule.

2. Ich fliege morgen früh nach München.
3. Im September werde ich auf die Universität gehen.
**When the time phrase comes first, it flips/inverts the verb**
You could also say: Ich werde im September auf die Universität gehen.

©The Dublin School of Grinds 82 Ms Julie Cullen

 Conjunctions
* Word order can also change due to conjunctions

What is a conjunction?
A conjunction joins sentences & clauses together to make a longer sentence.

Do not affect word order

und and

aber but

oder or

sondern rather

denn because

Example:

Ich gehe nicht im Park, denn ich habe Hausaufgaben.

©The Dublin School of Grinds 83 Ms Julie Cullen

 Sends the verb to the end:

als and

als ob but

bevor or

bis rather

da because

damit in order that

dass that

ob whether

obwohl although

während during

weil because

wenn if

Example 1:

Ich gehe zu Fuß zur Schule, weil es so sonnig ist.

OR

Weil es so sonnig ist, gehe ich zu Fuß zur Schule.

Example 2:

Ich werde eine Jacke tragen, wenn es morgen regnet.

Wenn es morgen regnet, werde ich eine Jacke tragen.

©The Dublin School of Grinds 84 Ms Julie Cullen

 Flips/ inverts the verb

also therefore

deshalb therefore

jedoch however

auch also

außerdem besides

dennoch nevertheless

trotzdem in spite of

Example

Es regnet sehr stark, trotzdem gehen wir mit dem Hund spazieren.

©The Dublin School of Grinds 85 Ms Julie Cullen

 Section 8 - Tenses

Present tense

Present tense endings

ich wohne
du wohnst
er/sie/es wohnt

wir wohnen
ihr wohnt
sie wohnen
Sie wohnen

* In English there are two present tenses but in German there is only ONE present tense.
eg. Ich wohne = I am living AND I live

* The Present Tense came up in 2010 and 2007

©The Dublin School of Grinds 86 Ms Julie Cullen

 2010 Present Tense ‘Angewandte Grammatik’

©The Dublin School of Grinds 87 Ms Julie Cullen

 2007 Present Tense ‘Angewandte Grammatik’

©The Dublin School of Grinds 88 Ms Julie Cullen

Perfect tense
* Conjugated using ‘haben’ or ‘sein’ + past participle of the verb
* Haben = regular verbs
eg. Ich habe meine Hausaufgabe gemacht
* Sein = verbs showing movement from one place to another
eg. Ich bin ins Kino gegangen
* Used when talking about the recent past
* Used in letter writing
* Germans often use ‘ich hatte’ and ‘ich war’ when talking about the recent past for
convenience even though they are Imperfect tense.

Imperfect tense

Imperfect tense endings

ich wohnte

du wohntest

er/sie/es wohntet

wir wohnten
ihr wohntet

sie wohnten

Sie wohnten

* Used when talking about the distant past

* Used in story telling
* The Imperfect Tense (Präteritum) came up in 2014, 2005, 2004

©The Dublin School of Grinds 89 Ms Julie Cullen

 2014 Imperfect Tense ‘Angewandte Grammatik’

©The Dublin School of Grinds 90 Ms Julie Cullen

 2005 Imperfect Tense ‘Angewandte Grammatik’

©The Dublin School of Grinds 91 Ms Julie Cullen

 2004 Imperfect Tense ‘Angewandte Grammatik’

©The Dublin School of Grinds 92 Ms Julie Cullen

Future Tense

Future tense conjugation

ich werde meine Hausaufgaben machen

du wirst Fußball spielen

er/sie/es wird Blumen kaufen

wir werden ins Schwimmbad gehen

ihr werdet die Klassenarbeit widerholen

sie werden nach Österreich reisen

Sie werden mit dem Auto fahren

Conditional tense

Conditional tense
ich würde ... gehen
du würdest ... bleiben

er/sie/es würde ... kommen

wir würden ... kaufen

ihr würdet ... haben
sie würden ... werden

Sie würden ... laufen

* I would go ... you would stay ... he would come ... we would buy

©The Dublin School of Grinds 93 Ms Julie Cullen

Pluperfect tense

Pluperfect tense conjugation for

verbs that take ‘sein’
ich war ... geganen

du warst ... geblieben

er/sie/es war ... gekommen

wir waren ... gewesen

ihr wart ... gestorben

sie waren ... geworden

Sie waren ... gelaufen

Pluperfect tense conjugation for

verbs that take ‘haben’
ich hatte ... gewohnt

du hattest ... gespielt

er/sie/es hattet ... gemacht

wir hatten ... gelernt

ihr hattet ... gesagt

sie hatten ... getanzt

Sie hatten ... gefeiert

* This is the ‘past past’ tense (plusquamperfekt auf Deutsch)

* I had lived ... you had played ... he had made ... we had learned
* I had gone ... you had stayed ... she had come ... we had been

©The Dublin School of Grinds 94 Ms Julie Cullen

 Section 9 - Regular verbs
What is a verb?
A verb is an ‘action’ or ‘doing’ word.

What does ‘conjugate’ mean?

It means to say the verb in every possible manner. eg. I am, you are, he is.

What is the first person, second person, third person?

I = first person
You = second person
He or she or it = third person

©The Dublin School of Grinds 95 Ms Julie Cullen

 Section 10 - Irregular verbs

* Most verbs will follow the rules but as always there will be exceptions. The following is a

very long list but you don’t need to know every single one.

* Familiarise yourself with the verbs that appear time and again.

* The majority of verbs in the perfect tense take ‘haben’ but you must familiarise yourself with

the verbs that take ‘sein’.

* ‘Sein’ shows movement from one place to another.

eg. Ich bin nach Deutschland geflogen.

Wir sind mit dem Bus zur Schule gefahren.

* It is helpful to know the Imperfect list as some of them look completely different and will

often appear in the Reading Comprehension.

©The Dublin School of Grinds 96 Ms Julie Cullen

 2013 Verbs ‘Angewandte Grammatik’

©The Dublin School of Grinds 97 Ms Julie Cullen

 2009 Verbs ‘Angewandte Grammatik’

©The Dublin School of Grinds 98 Ms Julie Cullen

 Infinitive Present Imperfect Perfect English
backen backt backte gebacken to bake
befehlen befiehlt befahl befohlen to command
beginnen beginnt begann begonnen to begin
beißen beißt biss gebissen to bite
betrügen betrügt betrog betrogen to deceive
bewegen bewegt bewog bewogen to move
biegen biegt bog gebogen* to bend, turn
bieten bietet bot geboten to offer
binden bindet band gebunden to tie
bitten bittet bat gebeten to request, ask
bleiben bleibt blieb geblieben* to stay
braten brät briet gebraten to roast
brechen bricht brach gebrochen to break
brennen brennt brannte gebrannt to burn
bringen bringt brachte gebracht to bring
denken denkt dachte gedacht to think
dürfen darf durfte gedurft to be allowed to

empfehlen empfiehlt empfahl empfohlen to recommend

erschrecken erschrickt erschrak erschrocken* to be frightened

essen isst aß gegessen to eat

fahren fährt fuhr gefahren* to travel, drive
fallen fällt fiel gefallen* to fall
fangen fängt fing gefangen to catch
finden findet fand gefunden to find
fliegen fliegt flog geflogen* to fly
©The Dublin School of Grinds 99 Ms Julie Cullen
 Infinitive Present Imperfect Perfect English
fliehen flieht floh geflohen* to flee
fließen fließt floss geflossen to flow
frieren friert fror gefroren* to freeze
geben gibt gab gegeben to give
gehen geht ging gegangen* to go
gelingen gelingt gelang gelungen* to succeed
genießen genießt genoss genossen to enjoy
geraten gerät geriet geraten* to fall into
geschehen geschieht geschah geschehen* to happen
gewinnen gewinnt gewann gewonnen to win
gleichen gleicht glich geglichen to resemble
graben gräbt grub gegraben to dig
haben hat hatte gehabt to have
halten hält hielt gehalten to stop
hängen hängt hing gehangen to hang
heben hebt hob gehoben to raise
heißen heißt hieß geheißen to be called
helfen hilft half geholfen to help
kennen kennt kannte gekannt to know
klingen klingt klang geklungen* to sound
kommen kommt kam gekommen to come
können kann konnte gekonnt to be able to
kriechen kriecht kroch gekrochen* to crawl
laden lädt lud geladen to load
lassen lässt ließ gelassen to let
©The Dublin School of Grinds 100 Ms Julie Cullen
 Infinitive Present Imperfect Perfect English
laufen läuft lief gelaufen* to run
leihen leiht lieh geliehen to lend
lesen liest las gelesen to read
liegen liegt lag gelegen to lie
lügen lügt log gelogen to tell lies
messen misst maß gemessen to measure
mögen mag mochte gemocht to like
müssen muss musste gemusst to have to
nehmen nimmt nahm genommen to take
nennen nennt nannte genannt to name
pfeifen pfeift pfiff gepfiffen to whistle
raten rät riet geraten to advise
reiben reibt rieb gerieben to rub
reißen reißt riss gerissen to tear
reiten reitet ritt geritten* to ride
rennen rennt rannte gerannt* to run
riechen riecht roch gerochen to smell
rufen ruft rief gerufen to call
scheiden scheidet schied geschieden* to separate
scheinen scheint schien geschienen to seem
schieben schiebt schob geschoben to shove
schießen schießt schoss geschossen to shoot
schlafen schläft schlief geschlafen to sleep
schlagen schlägt schlug geschlagen to hit
schließen schließt schloss geschlossen to shut
©The Dublin School of Grinds 101 Ms Julie Cullen
 Infinitive Present Imperfect Perfect English
schneiden schneidet schnitt geschnitten to cut
schreiben schreibt schrieb geschrieben to write
schreien schreit schrie geschrien to shout
schweigen schweigt schwieg geschwiegen* to be silent
schwellen schwillt schwoll geschwollen* to swell
schwimmen schwimmt schwamm geschwommen* to swim

schwingen schwingt schwang geschwungen to swing

schwören schwört schwur geschworen to swear
sehen sieht sah gesehen to see
sein ist war gewesen* to be
senden sendet sandte gesandt to send
singen singt sang gesungen to sing
sinken sinkt sank gesunken* to sink
sitzen sitzt saß gesessen to sit
sollen soll sollte gesollt to ought to
sprechen spricht sprach gesprochen* to speak
springen springt sprang gesprungen to jump
stehen steht stand gestanden to stand
stehlen stiehlt stahl gestohlen to steal
steigen steigt stieg gestiegen* to climb
sterben stirbt starb gestorben* to die
stinken stinkt stank gestunken to stink
stoßen stößt stieß gestoßen to push
streiten streitet stritt gestritten to quarrel
tragen trägt trug getragen to carry, wear
©The Dublin School of Grinds 102 Ms Julie Cullen
 Infinitive Present Imperfect Perfect English
treffen trifft traf getroffen to meet
treiben treibt trieb getrieben to force
treten tritt trat getreten* to step
trinken trinkt trank getrunken to drink
tun tut tat getan to do
verbergen verbirgt verbarg verborgen to hide
verderben verdirbt verdarb verdorben to spoil
vergessen vergisst vergaß vergessen to forget
verlassen verlässt verließ verlassen to leave
verlieren verliert verlor verloren to lose
vermeiden vermeidet vermied vermieden to avoid
verschwinden verschwindet verschwand verschwunden* to disappear
verzeihen verzeiht verzieh verziehen to pardon
wachsen wächst wuchs gewachsen* to grow
waschen wäscht wusch gewaschen to wash
wenden wendet wandte gewandt to turn
werben wirbt warb geworben to advertise
werden wird wurde geworden* to become
werfen wirft warf geworfen to throw
wiegen wiegt wog gewogen to weigh
wissen weiß wusste gewusst to know
wollen will wollte gewollt to want
ziehen zieht zog gezogen to pull
zwingen zwingt zwang gezwungen to force
* denotes verb that takes ‘sein’ in the Perfect Tense instead of ‘haben’

©The Dublin School of Grinds 103 Ms Julie Cullen

Modal verbs
müssen - to have to dürfen - to be allowed to können - to be able to
ich muss ich darf ich kann
du musst du darfst du kannst
er/sie/es muss er/sie/es darf er/sie/es kann
wir müssen wir dürfen wir können
ihr müsst ihr dürft ihr könnt
sie müssen sie dürfen sie können
Sie müssen Sie dürfen Sie können

mögen - to like to wollen - to want to sollen - to ought to

ich mag ich will ich soll
du magst du willst du sollst
er/sie/es mag er/sie/es will er/sie/es soll
wir mögen wir wollen wir sollen
ihr mögt ihr wollt ihr sollt
sie mögen sie wollen sie sollen
Sie mögen Sie wollen Sie sollen

* You must use a modal verb with another verb

* The infinitive of the other verb goes to the end of the sentence.
eg. Ich muss zur Schule gehen.
* Modal verbs came up in 2011

©The Dublin School of Grinds 104 Ms Julie Cullen

 2011 Modal Verbs ‘Angewandte Grammatik’

©The Dublin School of Grinds 105 Ms Julie Cullen

 Section 11 - Question words

Wann? when?
Warum? why?
Was? what?
Was für? what type?
Welche? which?
Welcher? which?
Welches? which?
Wem? to whom?
Wen? whom?
Wer? who?
Wessen? whose?
Wie? how?
Wie lange? how long?
Wie oft? how often?
Wieviel? how much?
Wie viele? how many?
Wo? where?
Woher? from where?
Wohin? where to?
Womit? with what?
Worein? into what?
Worin? in what?

©The Dublin School of Grinds 106 Ms Julie Cullen

 Section 12 - Direct and indirect speech

What is direct speech?

Direct speech is dialogue. It can be identified by „quotation marks‟.
Example: ,,Sarah ist krank‟. (“Sarah is sick”)

* Konjunctiv I is used to form indirect speech.

* Apart from ‘sein’ and six modal verbs, it is restricted to third person.
* All verbs have -e added to the stem of infinitive.
* Students have never been asked to form the Konjunktiv I. You should be able to recognise it
though.
* You only have to be able to recognise the third person. It is easier than you think!

haben = er habe
werden = er werde
machen = er mache
fahren = er fahre
gehen = er gehe
arbeiten = er arbeite
können = er könne

sein
ich sei
du seist
er sei
wir seien
ihr seiet
sie seien
Sie seien

* Direct speech (direkte Rede) came up in 2012:

©The Dublin School of Grinds 107 Ms Julie Cullen

 2012 Direct Speech ‘Angewandte Grammatik’

©The Dublin School of Grinds 108 Ms Julie Cullen

What is indirect speech?
Indirect speech is speech that somebody else reportedly said.
Example: Er sagte, dass Sarah krank sei. (He said that Sarah was sick)

Direkte Rede (direct speech) Indirekte Rede (indirect speech)

1. ,,Sarah ist krank‘‘ ...... Er sagte, dass Sarah krank sei.

2. ,,Ist Sarah krank?‘‘ ...... Er fragte, ob Sarah krank sei.

©The Dublin School of Grinds 109 Ms Julie Cullen