BS 1722-11 2006

BS 1722-11:2006
Licensed Copy: Mr. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia User, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 02/01/2013 03:02, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BRITISH STANDARD
Fences –
Part 11: Specification for
prefabricated wood panel fences
ICS 91.090
Confirmed
December 2011
NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

BS 1722-11:2006
Publishing and copyright information

The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the
document was last issued.
© BSI 2006
ISBN 0 580 49508 6
The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:

Committee reference B/201
Draft for comment 06/30139511 DC
Publication history
First published November 1965
Second edition October 1972
Third edition October 1986
Fourth edition July 2000
Fifith (present) edition November 2006
Amendments issued since publication

Amd. no. Date Text affected
BS 1722-11:2006
Contents
Foreword ii
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and definitions 2
4 Dimensions and general characteristics 2
5 Concrete components 2
6 Timber components 3
7 Performance and construction 4
8 Installation 5
9 Statement of conformity 6
Annexes
Annex A (informative) Specifying a prefabricated wood panel fence 8
Annex B (normative) Concrete components 9
Annex C (normative) Timber components 11
Annex D (informative) Determination of moisture content 13
Annex E (normative) Static load test 14
Annex F (informative) Suggested sampling method for measuring the
limiting characteristics of timber 17
Bibliography 18
List of figures
Figure E.1 – General layout for static load test 16
List of tables
Table C.1 – Characteristics and defects of softwoods and
hardwoods 12
Table D.1 – Determination of moisture content of timber to be treated
for use in fencing 14
Table E.1 – Sampling 14
Table F.1 – Single sampling plans 17
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover,
pages i to iv, pages 1 to 18, an inside back cover and a back cover.
© BSI 2006 • i
BS 1722-11:2006
Foreword
Publishing information
This part of BS 1722 was published by BSI and came into effect
on 30 November 2006. It was prepared by Technical Committee B/201,
Fences and gates. A list of organizations represented on this committee
can be obtained on request to its secretary.
Supersession
This part of BS 1722 supersedes BS 1722-11:2000, which is withdrawn.
Relationship with other publications

BS 1722 is published in parts as follows:
• Part 1: Specification for chain link fences;
• Part 2: Specification for strained wire and wire mesh netting
fences;
• Part 4: Specification for cleft chestnut pale fences;
• Part 5: Specification for close boarded and wooden palisade
fences;
• Part 7: Specification for wooden post and rail fences;
• Part 8: Specification for mild steel (low carbon steel)
continuous bar fences and hurdles;
• Part 9: Specification for mild steel (low carbon steel) fences
with round or square verticals and flat horizontals;
• Part 10: Specification for anti-intruder fences in chain link
and welded mesh;
• Part 11: Specification for prefabricated wood panel fences;
• Part 12: Specification for steel palisade fences;
• Part 13: Specification for chain link fences for tennis court
surrounds1);
• Part 14: Specification for open mesh steel panel fences;
• Part 16: Specification for organic powder coatings for use as a
plastics finish to components and mesh;
• Part 17: Specification for electric security fences – Design,
installation and maintenance;
• Part 18: Specification for steel mesh site perimeter temporary
fencing systems2).
Information about this document

It should be noted that no attempt has been made to standardize fences
or gates of a purely decorative nature, or those to suit special
requirements; nor to specify requirements for “patent” proprietary
fencing systems. However, the structure of such fences or gates should
be in accordance with the applicable clauses of this part of BS 1722.
1) Obsolescent.
2) Part 18 is in development and will be published as a Draft for
Development (DD).
ii • © BSI 2006
BS 1722-11:2006
This standard aims to establish minimum requirements for materials

and workmanship of the more common types of fence in order to ensure
satisfactory service for the purchaser, and to assist manufacturers and
installing contractors by eliminating unnecessary minor variations.
Choosing a suitable fence is affected by factors such as the intended
purpose, desired service life, aesthetic considerations and availability of
components. The specifier can match a suitable choice of fence to its
intended purpose and also inform those installing the fence of the basic
characteristics required.
Premature failure of the fence can be avoided by taking care not to
damage protective treatments during installation.
Ground conditions might indicate that a variation in the length of a post,
or the depth to which it should be set, is desirable. The post setting
depths specified in this standard are intended for use in normal ground
conditions, but if special conditions exist that warrant a change in the
specification, e.g. the ground is softer or firmer than usual, such a
change should be agreed with the specifier.
It is generally assumed in this standard that the fence is installed on
horizontal. Where it is installed on a gradient special measures may be
required.
Annex A provides details of the fence requirements and installation site
that should be agreed between the fence supplier and purchaser.
However, as conditions vary from site to site, Annex A should not be
assumed to be exhaustive.
Use of this document

It has been assumed in the drafting of this part of BS 1722 that the
execution of its provision is entrusted to appropriately qualified and
experienced people. Before installation commences the Lead Installer
should hold a current FISS/CSCS registration card skilled level (blue
card) or equivalent and all other operatives should hold the basic fence
operative card (green card) or equivalent.
At the time of publication of this British Standard the registration cards
are validated by the Joint Fencing Industry Skills Scheme (FISS) and
Construction Scheme Skills Certification Scheme (CSCS). FISS/CSCS
maintains a national register of fence installers and operatives. There
might be other schemes available.
Presentational conventions
The provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright)
type. Its requirements are expressed in sentences in which the principal
auxiliary verb is “shall”.
Commentary, explanation and general informative material is
presented in smaller italic type, and does not constitute a
normative element.
Requirements in this standard are drafted in accordance with The BSI
guide to standardization – Section 2: Rules for the structure,
drafting and presentation of British Standards, subclause 11.3.1,
which states, “Requirements should be expressed using wording such
as: ‘When tested as described in Annex A, the product shall ...’”. This
means that only those products that are capable of passing the specified
test will be deemed to conform to this standard.
© BSI 2006 • iii

BS 1722-11:2006
Contractual and legal considerations

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions
of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity
from legal obligations.
iv • © BSI 2006
BS 1722-11:2006
1 Scope
This part of BS 1722 specifies requirements for the materials,
design, construction and installation of prefabricated wood panel
fences constructed from softwood panels fixed between timber or
concrete posts. This standard does not cover fences of a height greater
than 2 m above ground level.
This standard includes requirements for protective treatments.
However, maintenance requirements of the fence after installation are
outside the scope of this standard.
It specifies requirements for the components that make up a fence and
the way in which the fence should be constructed. The standard includes
requirements for component dimensions, together with the permissible
tolerances on size. These are minimum requirements and it will
normally be acceptable to use larger sizes, except if this could adversely
affect the fitting of components or if replacement parts are required to
match with those already present.
NOTE 1 Prefabricated wood panel fences are suitable for housing, for
dividing boundaries and for visual screens. They are not suitable for
fencing which is exposed to animal or personnel loading. They are also not
suitable for some very exposed areas such as headlands and high hills
liable to abnormally high winds.
NOTE 2 Annex A lists items that should be agreed between the fence
supplier and the purchaser.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through
reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of this British
Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or
revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. For undated
references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
BS 1202-1, Specification for nails – Part 1: Steel nails
BS 1722-5:2006, Fences – Part 5: Specification for close boarded
fences and wooded palisade fences
BS 3892 (all parts), Pulverized-fuel ash
BS 4027, Specification for sulfate resisting Portland cement
BS 4449, Specification for carbon steel bars for the reinforcement
of concrete
BS 4482, Steel wire for the reinforcement of concrete products –
Specification
BS 4483, Steel fabric for the reinforcement of concrete –
Specification
BS 8417:2003, Preservation of timber – Recommendations
BS EN 197-1, Cement – Part 1: Composition, specifications and
conformity criteria for common cements
BS EN 197-4, Cement – Part 4: Composition, specifications and
conformity criteria for low early strength blastfurnace cements
© BSI 2006 • 1
BS 1722-11:2006
BS EN 206-1:2000, Concrete – Part 1: Specification, performance,

production and conformity
BS EN 480 (all parts), Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout –
Test methods
BS EN 844-9, Round and sawn timber – Terminology –
Part 9: Terms relating to features of sawn timber
BS EN 934 (all parts), Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout
BS EN 12620, Aggregates for concrete
BS EN 12839:2001, Precast concrete products – Elements for fences
BS EN 12878, Pigments for the colouring of building materials
based on cement and/or lime – Specifications and methods of test
BS EN ISO 1461, Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron
and steel articles – Specifications and test methods
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this part of BS 1722, the terms and definitions given
in BS EN 844-9 apply.
4 Dimensions and general

characteristics
The height of panels shall be as specified by the manufacturer up to a
maximum of (1 830 ± 5) mm at any point.
The width of panels shall not exceed 1 830 mm.
At the point of manufacture the widths and heights of panels shall not
deviate by more than 1 830+5
p3 mm.
The profile of a panel shall be a rectangle, the corners of which shall

be 90° ± 2.5° (approximately 12.5 mm in 1 830 mm). The sides of a
panel shall be straight ±4 mm. No horizontal member shall protrude
beyond the end of the external framing.
5 Concrete components
5.1 General
Concrete posts and gravel boards shall be of steel reinforced concrete
conforming to BS EN 12839 and Annex B.
5.2 Tolerances on size

Concrete components shall conform to their specified sizes within the
following tolerances:
a) a demoulding draw allowance of up to 4 mm on each of two
opposing sides;
b) length of posts: ±1%;
c) cross-section: ±3 mm;
d) length of gravel boards: ±5 mm.
NOTE The cross-section is measured about the centre lines.
2 • © BSI 2006
BS 1722-11:2006
5.3 General construction

The long arrises formed in the base of the mould shall either be rounded
or all their sharp edges shall be removed. The arrises formed at the top
of the mould shall be free from overfill.
The heads of posts shall be either weathered or half rounded in order to
prevent lodgement of water.
Holes for bolts shall allow the bolt to be freely inserted. All holes shall
be free from obstructions and accurately positioned within ±5 mm.
5.4 Fence posts

Concrete posts shall extend to the top of the panel and far enough into
the ground to satisfy the requirements of 8.2.
Concrete posts shall have a rectangular cross-section of at
least 100 mm × 85 mm and conform to the specified wind class
(see BS EN 12839:2001, 4.3.3). They shall not be tapered.
Rectangular posts shall have a minimum of three holes for the
attachment of fillets, positioned at centres of not greater than 900 mm.
Slotted posts shall be provided with slots at least 50 mm wide and
approximately 25 mm deep.
5.5 Gravel boards

Concrete gravel boards shall have a cross-section of at
least 150 mm × 50 mm and shall have a maximum length of 1 830 mm.
They shall be reinforced as necessary to give strength in handling.
6 Timber components
6.1 General
6.1.1 Material
Timber posts shall be of square sawn timber (either hardwood
or softwood) conforming to Annex C. Timber used for panels shall
be sawn softwood conforming to Annex C.
6.1.2 Tolerance of size for posts and gravel boards

Timber components shall conform to their specified sizes within the
following tolerances.
a) An allowance (reduction) on size of 1% for every 5% of moisture
content below 28%.
NOTE The sizes specified in this standard are for timber with a
moisture content of 28% determined in accordance with Annex D.
b) Additional deviations on size of other components.
• Under 75 mm: ±3 mm.
• 75 mm and over: ±6 mm.
NOTE Dimensions of timber components in panels are exclusive of
wane; any wane included for decorative purposes is additional to the
specified dimensions.
© BSI 2006 • 3
BS 1722-11:2006
6.2 Posts
The length of timber posts shall be such as to extend to the top of the
panel and far enough into the ground to satisfy the requirements of 8.2.
Fence posts shall be at least 75 mm × 75 mm in cross-section, have the
same cross-section throughout their length and be of one continuous
piece.
6.3 Post caps

Caps for posts shall be weathered and cut from timber at least 25 mm2
greater in cross-sectional area than the post.
6.4 Gravel boards

Gravel boards shall be at least 22 mm × 150 mm in cross-section.
6.5 Panels
Panels shall have the dimensions given in Clause 4.
NOTE Panels may be cut to provide closing panels.
6.6 Slats
Slats shall be at least 5 mm thick.
7 Performance and construction

7.1 Loading
When tested according to Annex E panels shall withstand the full test
load for a period of at least 3 min without any splitting or fracturing of
the timber components and without any visible parting of any of the
joints or intersections of the framing.
NOTE This test simulates a wind load of 0.65 kN/m at 90° to the line of
the fence. No consideration has been given to personnel loading as this
type of fencing is not considered suitable for use in conditions where such
loading occurs.
7.2 Life expectancy – Treatment for timber posts

Timber posts shall be preserved in accordance with the appropriate
recommendations for fencing timber given in BS 8417.
NOTE 1 Under normal conditions the life expectancy of the panel should
be 15 years subject to maintenance recommended by the manufacturer,
where prescribed. All necessary considerations should be given to the
construction of the panel and the plating and gauge of the nails and
fixings to achieve this life expectancy.
NOTE 2 See notes to C.3.
4 • © BSI 2006
BS 1722-11:2006
7.3 Type
7.3.1 Where panels are lapped they shall be constructed so that 20% of the
width of each slat overlaps the preceding slat, the width and the overlap
being measured at the same point. No lap shall be less than 22 mm.
7.3.2 Panels shall be classified and labelled as suitable or non-suitable for nail
fixing to posts. In panels classified as suitable for nail fixing to posts,
the external battens shall be at least 18 mm thick.
7.4 Straightness of panel components
7.4.1 Slats
Bow, spring and cup shall not be limited, but in lapped panels the
requirements of 7.3.2 shall be met. In unlapped panels, any gaps
between slats shall be within the manufacturer's specification. No
slat shall cup or twist or spring away from a straight line by more
than 22 mm.
7.4.2 Framing
Internal framing shall sit straight (±8 mm) on the completed panel, and
the panel shall not deviate by more than 20 mm from a vertical plane at
each end.
8 Installation
8.1 Line and level
On level ground the top of the fence shall follow approximately the level
of the ground along the line of the fence. On sloping ground the panels
shall be stepped.
The presence of any electricity, gas, water or other underground
services shall be established prior to commencement of excavation,
drilling or erection in the working area.
NOTE Unless specified (see Annex A), the installation of the fence does
not include cutting or filling the ground to vary the levels.
8.2 Posts
Holes for posts shall have vertical sides.
NOTE 1 It is realized that the ground at the top of the hole is damaged
during digging. This is acceptable provided that the damage is limited to
the top of the hole and does not extend downwards so that the hole itself is
tapered out towards the top.
Posts shall be set in the ground to a minimum depth of 500 mm for
fences where the tops of the panels are less than 1 400 mm above
ground level and 600 mm for heights between 1 400 mm and 2 000 mm
high. The panel height shall be measured at its highest distance above
ground level.
© BSI 2006 • 5
BS 1722-11:2006
Holes for posts shall be at least 300 mm square in plan or at

least 300 mm in diameter if round, as produced by an auger.
NOTE 2 The spacing between posts is dependent upon the length of
panels to be used, and should take into account that the panels should be
fitted between posts and not to the face of them.
NOTE 3 The first post should be fixed, and the panel fixed to it as
specified in 8.3 before the next post is fixed; the progress should be
post-panel-post throughout the installation of the fence.
Holes for posts shall, after insertion, be filled to at least half with
concrete, which shall be well rammed as the filling proceeds. The
remainder of the hole shall be filled with backfill which shall be well
rammed.
8.3 Infill
Where slotted concrete posts are used, the panels and any gravel boards
shall be fitted within the slots in the posts.
Panels shall be secured to timber posts with nails through each vertical
batten within 200 mm of the top and bottom of the panel, and at
intermediate points as required, so that the maximum distance between
fixings is not greater than 0.8 m.
The nails shall be round, plain headed nails conforming to BS 1202-1
and hot dip galvanized in accordance with BS EN ISO 1461. They shall
be at least 3 mm in diameter and of sufficient length to penetrate the
posts by at least 37 mm.
NOTE Alternative forms of fixings may be used provided it can be shown
that these offer strength equivalent to or greater than the above.
The bottom of panels shall be kept free of ground contact by the use of:
a) reinforced concrete gravel boards;
b) timber gravel boards of sufficient quality and durability
(see Annex C).
9 Statement of conformity
9.1 Fence manufacturer
On delivery, the manufacturer/supplier of the fence shall provide the
installer with a certificate, conforming to 9.3, confirming that the fence
and/or gates are manufactured in accordance with the client’s
instructions.
NOTE This certificate can be in the form of an invoice provided this
conforms to 9.3.
9.2 Fence installer

On completion, the fence installer shall provide the end user with a
certificate, conforming to 9.3, confirming that the installation, and
materials used, are in accordance with the client’s instructions.
NOTE This certificate can be in the form of an invoice provided this
conforms to 9.3.
6 • © BSI 2006
BS 1722-11:2006
9.3 Certificate
In addition to the requirements of 9.1 and 9.2, the certificate shall also
include the following information:
a) the supplier’s name and address;
b) the contract or order number;
c) the date of delivery or installation, as appropriate;
d) the purchaser’s name and address.
9.4 Statement
The manufacturer and/or installer shall make a statement to the effect
that it is their policy to conform to a previously client agreed and
documented specification and to offer goods and/or services
accordingly.
NOTE This could be done by inclusion in trade advertising and “terms of
trading” statements supplied with quotations.
© BSI 2006 • 7
BS 1722-11:2006
Annex A (informative) Specifying a prefabricated wood

panel fence
A.1 General
When preparing a specification for a fence it is important that precise
details of the requirements of the fence and the installation site are
provided. This annex lists items that should be specified at the time of
ordering the fence. As conditions vary from site to site this annex should
not be assumed to be exhaustive.
A.2 Site conditions

The following items should at least be agreed between the supplier and
purchaser at the time of enquiry and/or order:
a) the line and length of fence;
b) the profile of the fence and ground clearance (if any);
c) the site preparation:
1) clearance;
2) cutting or filling of ground level;
3) any specific requirements for non-standard post lengths due
to ground conditions (see Foreword).
NOTE The requirements for post lengths in this standard are for
“normal” ground conditions. This standard does not cover conditions of
particularly soft or firm ground, where other lengths or foundation sizes
may be required. The method of setting timber posts in the ground is also
affected by the local ground conditions.
A.3 Construction of fence

The following items should at least be agreed between the supplier and
purchaser at the time of enquiry and/or order.
a) Panel height (related to proposed use of fence).
b) Type of panel infill.
1) Waney edged horizontal.
2) Square edged horizontal.
3) Vertical boarding.
4) Lapped or unlapped.
5) Other infill agreed between supplier and customer.
c) Posts.
1) Concrete, and Annex B details.
2) Wood, and Annex C details.
d) Gravel boards.
1) Concrete.
2) Wood (hardwood or softwood).
8 • © BSI 2006
BS 1722-11:2006
Annex B (normative) Concrete components

B.1 Materials
B.1.1 Cement
Cement for concrete shall be:
a) Portland cement (ordinary or rapid hardening) conforming
to BS EN 197-1;
b) Portland-blast furnace cement conforming to BS EN 197-4; or
c) sulfate-resisting Portland cement conforming to BS 4027.
B.1.2 Aggregate
Aggregate for concrete shall conform to BS EN 12620.
Aggregate shall not exceed 10 mm nominal size.
B.1.3 Admixtures
Admixtures for concrete shall conform as follows:
a) Pigments: BS EN 12878;
b) Pulverized-fuel ash: BS 3892;
c) Concrete admixtures: BS EN 480 or BS EN 934 and used in
accordance with BS EN 12839.
B.1.4 Chloride content

For chloride content BS EN 206-1:2000, 5.2.7 applies.
Calcium chloride and chloride based admixtures shall not be added to
concrete containing steel reinforcement.
B.1.5 Reinforcement
Reinforcement for concrete shall conform to BS 4449, BS 4482
or BS 4483.
B.2 Moulds
Moulds shall remain rigid during placing and compaction of the
concrete and shall prevent loss of water, grout or mortar. Moulds shall
produce finished components accurately within the specified size limits.
NOTE Timber moulds shall be of closely jointed planed timber.
B.3 Manufacture
B.3.1 Mixing
Concrete shall be mixed in a mechanical mixer until uniform in colour
and consistency.
© BSI 2006 • 9
BS 1722-11:2006
B.3.2 Placing and compaction

Concrete shall be placed as soon as practicable after mixing, and shall
be thoroughly compacted by vibration, tamping or other method so that
on demoulding the surface is free from honeycombing and other large
blemishes (see B.4).
NOTE Blemishes do not include small surface voids caused by entrapped
air or water.
B.3.3 Location of reinforcement

Reinforcement shall be prefabricated and located during placing and
compacting of the concrete so that the cover of concrete measured from
main external faces and from the top of a post or strut is at least 15 mm,
or 10 mm if the section is 100 mm × 100 mm or less.
The length of the assembled reinforcement shall be at least equal to the
minimum length of the component, minus up to 100 mm to allow for the
minimum cover and up to 75 mm to allow for cutting, prefabrication and
location.
Reinforcement shall extend beyond the centre line of the uppermost line
wire hole or beyond the top edge of the uppermost rail fixing point, as
appropriate.
NOTE If the ends of components are splayed, each bar can be of equal
length.
B.3.4 Protection from freezing

Materials that have been exposed to below freezing point shall not be
used unless completely thawed.
Components shall not be moulded if the mould is below freezing point.
The temperature of fresh concrete shall be not less than 5 °C at the time
of placing.
B.3.5 Maturing
Components shall not be used unless:
a) the concrete has a strength of 45 N/mm2, as tested in accordance
with B.5; or
b) they have been allowed to mature under suitable conditions for at
least 28 days at normal ambient temperatures.
B.4 Surface characteristics
B.4.1 Surface finish as cast

The surface finish shall be assessed against the reference photographs
in BS EN 12839:2001, Annex B. Furthermore, the total area of
blowholes shall not exceed 3% of the concrete surface and no blowhole
shall exceed 150 mm2.
NOTE It is acknowledged that semi-dry cast posts may have a more
visually open surface texture than shown in these photographs.
B.4.2 Surface finish as treated

The requirements of BS EN 12839:2001, 5.3.2 shall apply.
10 • © BSI 2006
BS 1722-11:2006
B.5 Tests
To demonstrate compliance, testing shall comprise of initial type testing
and factory production control in accordance with BS EN 12839:2001,
Clause 6.
B.6 Product information

The manufacturer shall give the following information on at least one
product by unit of packaging, delivery notes, certificate or any
documentation supplied with components in accordance with
BS EN 12839:2001, ZA.3.
a) Name (or identifying mark) and address of the manufacturer.
b) Last 2 digits of the year in which the marking was affixed.
c) BS 1722 and BS EN 12839: Elements for Fences.
d) Loadbearing capacity, expressed in newtons according to the
result of initial type testing, rounded down to the nearest ten.
Annex C (normative) Timber components

C.1 General
The quality of fencing timber and the preservative treatment shall be as
specified in C.2 and C.3.
NOTE 1 Provided a timber fencing component is suitably designed, for
instance to avoid the collection of water at joints, and suitably protected
against premature failure due to natural decay by the use of suitable
preservative treatment (see C.3), a large choice of species of timber is
available. This annex is largely concerned with ensuring durability of
timber components, but in some cases economic or aesthetic factors will
influence the choice of species. The specifier should make known any
additional limits on the type of timber to be used.
NOTE 2 Guidance on durability classes for timber in and out of ground
contact is given in BS EN 335-2. Guidance on timbers that can be used
with and without preservation in different durability classes, based on
their natural durability is given in BS 8417:2003, Table 2. Guidance on
the natural durability of different timbers is given in BS EN 350-2.
C.2 Timber quality
C.2.1 Limiting characteristics

When measured in accordance with BS 1722-5:2006, B.2.2 either at
any time within 14 days of delivery to the preservation treatment works
or at any time within 14 days of delivery to the site, the timber shall
conform to Table C.1.
NOTE The method of sampling the timber should be agreed between
the supplier and the specifier. A suggested sampling procedure is given
in Annex F.
Defects caused by changing climatic conditions shall not be considered
a valid reason for subsequent rejection of the timber after the initial
inspection within 14 days of delivery either to the preservation
treatment works or to the site.
© BSI 2006 • 11
BS 1722-11:2006
Table C.1 Characteristics and defects of softwoods and hardwoods

Characteristics Posts Framing Slats
Knots – intergrown Total KAR (knot area ratio) Total KAR not greater than ½ Not more than 1/3 width of
not greater than ½ piece
Knots – dead Total KAR not greater Total KAR not greater than ½ Not more than 2 per square
than ½ metre of panel but excluding
Knots – holes Total KAR not greater Total KAR not greater than ½ those covered by laps
than ½
Slope of grain Not more than 1 in 6 to the longitudinal axis of the piece Unlimited
Rate of growth Unlimited
Checks The depth of each check shall not exceed one half of the thickness of the piece
End splits Not more than 150 mm Not more than 25 mm Not more than 150 mm of
visible slat
Resin pockets Unlimited Not more than the width of the piece
Bark pockets Unlimited Not more than the width of the piece and not wider than 5 mm
Rot Not permitted
Active insect attack Not permitted
Lyctus damage Not permitted
Pin holes Not more than 20 in any Not more than 10 in any 0.6 m length
0.3 m length
Blackheart Unlimited Not permitted when it impairs the decorative finish of the
panel
Blue stain Unlimited Not permitted when it impairs the decorative finish of the
panel
Straightness Bow Not more than 10 mm per Unlimited within the constraints of 7.4
1 m length
Spring Not more than 10 mm per Unlimited within the constraints of 7.4
1 m length
Twist Not more than 2 mm per Unlimited within the constraints of 7.4
25 mm width
Cup Not more than 1 mm per Unlimited within the constraints of 7.4
25 mm width
C.3 Preservative treatment

Timber posts and gravel boards shall be preserved in accordance with
the appropriate recommendations for fencing timber in BS 8417. Under
BS EN 335-2, gravel boards are durability class 4 timbers and have the
same treatment requirements as fence posts.
Under normal conditions the life expectancy of the panel shall
be 15 years, subject to the maintenance recommended by the
manufacturer where prescribed; if a longer service life is
required 30 years shall be specified. Where preservation is required
to achieve this service life, Tables 4, 5, 6 and 9 of BS 8417:2003 shall
apply.
NOTE Certain species of timber do not require treatment, depending
upon the intended use and provided there is not excessive sapwood.
Durability classes for common species are given in BS EN 350-2 and
guidance on which of these can be used without preservation is given in
BS 8417. Whenever an amount of sapwood is present, the loss of which
would render the fencing component unfit for its intended use, the fencing
component should be treated with preservative.
12 • © BSI 2006
BS 1722-11:2006
C.4 Regulations regarding wood preservatives

Users are reminded of two regulations regarding the wood preservatives
chromated copper arsenate (CCA) and creosote.
NOTE 1 Marketing and use of chromated copper arsenate (CCA): The
Environmental Protection (Controls on Dangerous Substances) Regulations
2003, SI 2003/3274 [1] and The Marketing and Use of Dangerous Substances
(No. 4) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2003, SR 2003/548 [2] restrict the
marketing and use of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated timber.
Examples of uses for which treated timber is not permitted include
residential or domestic structures (whatever the purpose) and in any
application where there is a risk of repeated skin contact. Guidance on the
restrictions is available from the Wood Protection Association [3].
NOTE 2 Marketing and use of creosote: The Creosote (Prohibition on Use
and Marketing) (No. 2) Regulations 2003 [4] restrict the marketing and use
of creosote treated timber. Examples of uses for which treated timber is not
permitted include uses in parks, gardens or outdoor leisure facilities
where there is a risk of frequent skin contact. Guidance on the restrictions
is available from the Wood Protection Association [5].
Annex D (informative) Determination of moisture content

Moisture content should not exceed 28% when measured with a
calibrated moisture meter of the electrical resistance type, fitted with
insulated probes that can be hammered into wood to the depth specified
in Table D.1.
When determining the suitability of a charge of timber for preservation,
moisture readings should be made on no fewer than √(n/2) separate
components, where n is the total number of components in the charge.
The components to be measured should be taken from random
positions in the charge. The number of heartwood and sapwood faces
sampled should reflect the relative proportions of these types of wood
in the charge as a whole.
If preferred, the oven-dry method of determining moisture content as
described in BS EN 212 may be used in place of a moisture meter.
To achieve the recommended moisture content of 28% (m/m) timber
can be either air dried or kiln dried. For either process it is essential that
fencing timber is debarked and stacked so that air can circulate freely.
In winter little natural drying is likely, therefore kiln drying may be the
only effective solution.
© BSI 2006 • 13
BS 1722-11:2006
Table D.1 Determination of moisture content of timber to be treated for

use in fencing
Type of timber Length of electrodes Maximum indicated
within the timber moisture content in a
sample
%
a) All sapwood 25 mm, or sapwood
thickness if less
b) Heartwood of wood
species other than
those listed in c):
posts 25 mm 28
other components 12 mm
c) Heartwood of sweet 5 mm
chestnut, dahoma,
danta, guarea, kapur,
kempas, oak
Annex E (normative) Static load test

E.1 Principle
The panel design and method of production are assessed. The test
applies to the panel only and not to the post or fixings. The test is
performed initially and when any change is made in the design,
production method or material composition of the panels.
NOTE The test assesses the suitability of panels made to a range of
heights, providing that all the panels tested are of the greatest height
made, that all the panels through the range are manufactured using the
same method of construction and that all members are of similar quality
with similar cross-sectional dimensions.
E.2 Sampling
The number of panels to be tested shall be in accordance with Table E.1.
The panels shall be selected at random.
Table E.1 Sampling

Average monthly output of panels Number of panels per sampling
Less than 1 000 2
More than 1 000 and less than 5 000 4
More than 5 000 and less than 15 000 7
More than 15 000 10
14 • © BSI 2006
BS 1722-11:2006
E.3 Procedure
Prior to the test ensure that the panel is touch dry.
NOTE 1 Tests have shown that use of panels that are touch dry is
sufficient to assess satisfactory performance. Under real life conditions
the most likely time of high winds is during wet conditions. However, there
is a possible loss of strength if the wood in the panel is very dry.
Load the panel in a horizontal position with sand or similar loose
granular material at 52 kg/m2 (see Figure E.1). Apply the load gradually,
without shock. Fix the panel at each end to a rigid frame with nails as
described in 8.3, but with not more than the minimum number allowed
in 8.3.
NOTE 2 Alternatively the panel may be supported on blocks measuring
not more than 38 mm, measured at right angles to the edge, and not more
than 6 mm, measured along the edge. There should be not more than two
supports for panels up to and including 1.2 m high and three supports for
taller panels.
Position the blocks along the edge of the panel in a similar position to
those taken by the nails in 8.3.
Prior to loading, cover the panel with 500 gauge polyethylene or similar
film.
The sand or loose granular load material shall be retained within a
frame. The design of the frame and supports shall be such that the whole
weight of the load material is supported by the panel only and that the
panel is supported only by the nails or blocks described above.
NOTE 3 The panel may be temporarily supported until the full load has
been applied.
The test period shall start when all temporary supports have been
removed.
Repeat the procedure with the other side of the panel. Repeat for the
remaining panels.
E.4 Assessment of results

Observe whether the panel withstands the full test load for a period of
at least 3 min without any splitting or fracturing of the timber
components and without any visible parting of any joint or intersection
of the frame.
If any of the selected panels fails the test, repeat with a further two
panels selected at random. If any of the retested panels fail, the whole
sample shall be deemed to have failed.
© BSI 2006 • 15
Key
2 Tray
1 Screed
3 Loading box
16 • © BSI 2006
BS 1722-11:2006
Figure E.1
5
4
Post
Fence panel
1
General layout for static load test
5
100
Dimensions in millimetres
BS 1722-11:2006
Annex F (informative) Suggested sampling method for

measuring the limiting
characteristics of timber
F.1 Purpose
This sampling plan is for use in determining initially if a parcel of timber
conforms to Table F.1. It does not preclude the subsequent rejection of
individual pieces for non-conformity with Table F.1, except for defects
due to changing climatic conditions.
F.2 Procedure
Sample in accordance with Table F.1. Take the pieces comprising the
sample at random. Inspect by defective pieces, not by defects (i.e. a
piece containing one or more defects is to be counted as a defective
piece). Reject a parcel if the number of defectives is equal to, or
exceeds, the rejection number.
Table F.1 Single sampling plans

Number of pieces in Number of pieces in Rejection number
parcel A) sample
91 to 150 20 4
151 to 280 32 6
281 to 500 50 8
501 to 1 200 80 11
1 201 to 3 200 125 15
3 201 to 10 000 200 22
A) For parcels comprising 90 pieces or less, 100% inspection is recommended.
© BSI 2006 • 17
BS 1722-11:2006
Bibliography
Standards publications
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
BS EN 212, Wood preservatives – General guidance on sampling
and preparation for analysis of wood preservatives and treated
timber
BS EN 335-2, Durability of wood and wood-based products –
Definition of use classes – Part 2: Application to solid wood
BS EN 350-2, Durability of wood and wood-based products –
Natural durability of solid wood – Part 2: Guide to the natural
durability and treatability of selected wood species of importance
in Europe
Other publications
[1] GREAT BRITAIN. Statutory Instrument 2003 No. 3274: The
Environmental Protection (Controls on Dangerous Substances)
Regulations 2003. London: The Stationery Office.
[2] GREAT BRITAIN. Statutory Rules 2003 No. 548: The Marketing and
Use of Dangerous Substances (No. 4) Regulations (Northern
Ireland) 2003. London: The Stationery Office.
[3] Wood Protection Association. Use of CCA wood preservatives and
CCA-treated timber.3)
[4] GREAT BRITAIN. Statutory Instrument 2003 No. 1511: The
Creosote (Prohibition on Use and Marketing) (No. 2) Regulations
2003. London: The Stationery Office.
[5] Wood Protection Association. Use of creosote and
creosote-treated timber.3)
3) Wood Protection Association, WPA, 1 Gleneagles House, Vernongate, Derby,

UK, DE1 1UP, www.wood-protection.org
18 • © BSI 2006
BS 1722-11:2006
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BS 1722-11:2006
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© BSI 2006 • iii

Contractual and legal considerations

BS EN 206-1:2000, Concrete – Part 1: Specification, performance,

3 Terms and definitions

4 Dimensions and general

The profile of a panel shall be a rectangle, the corners of which shall

5.2 Tolerances on size

5.3 General construction

5.4 Fence posts

5.5 Gravel boards

6.1.2 Tolerance of size for posts and gravel boards

6.3 Post caps

6.4 Gravel boards

7 Performance and construction

7.2 Life expectancy – Treatment for timber posts

7.4 Straightness of panel components

Holes for posts shall be at least 300 mm square in plan or at

9.2 Fence installer

Annex A (informative) Specifying a prefabricated wood

A.2 Site conditions

A.3 Construction of fence

Annex B (normative) Concrete components

B.1.4 Chloride content

B.3.2 Placing and compaction

B.3.3 Location of reinforcement

B.3.4 Protection from freezing

B.4 Surface characteristics

B.4.1 Surface finish as cast

B.4.2 Surface finish as treated

B.6 Product information

Annex C (normative) Timber components

C.2 Timber quality

C.2.1 Limiting characteristics

Table C.1 Characteristics and defects of softwoods and hardwoods

C.3 Preservative treatment

C.4 Regulations regarding wood preservatives

Annex D (informative) Determination of moisture content

Table D.1 Determination of moisture content of timber to be treated for

Annex E (normative) Static load test

Table E.1 Sampling

E.4 Assessment of results

Annex F (informative) Suggested sampling method for

Table F.1 Single sampling plans

3) Wood Protection Association, WPA, 1 Gleneagles House, Vernongate, Derby,

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