STOICHIOMETRY

 AND  
KINETICS  OF  BIOCHEMICAL  
OPERATIONS
STOICHIOMETRY  AND  GENERALIZED  
REACTION  RATE
• STOICHIOMETRY  – concerned  with    relationship  between  quantities  
of  reactants  and  products  in  reaction
• Cultivation-­‐ the  growth  of  microorganisms  population  in  an  artificial  
environment
STOICHIOMETRY  AND  GENERALIZED  
REACTION  RATE
• Pure  culture-­‐a  culture  containing  only  a  single  kind  of  microorganism.
Metabolism  and  growth

• Growth  is  defined  as  an  increase  in  the  number  of  cells.
• binary  fission    -­‐that  two  cells  have  arisen  from  one

generation  time
Mathematics    Of  Exponential  Growth

• The  increase  in  cell  number  in  an  exponentially  growing  bacterial  
culture  approaches  a  geometric  progression  of  the  number  2.
• N  =  N02n
The  Microbial  Growth  Cycle

• Lag  Phase-­‐ beginning  

• Acceleration
• Exponential  Phase-­‐ growth  each  cell  divides  to  form  two  cells,  each  
of  which  also  divides  to  form  two  more  cells,  and  so  on,  for  a  brief  or  
extended  period,  depending  on  the  available  resources  and  other  
factors.
• Decline
• Stationary  Phase-­‐ an  essential  nutrient  of  the  culture  medium  is  used  
up,  or  (2)  a  waste  product  of  the  organism  accumulates  in  the  
medium  and  inhibits  growth.  Either  way,  exponential  growth  ceases
• Death  Phase  -­‐ the  cells  may  remain  alive  and  continue  to  metabolize,  
but  they  will  eventually  die.
GROWTH  CYCLE
GROWTH  CYCLE

• Cell  growth  is  the  primary  response  of  viable  cells  to  substrates  and  
nutrients.  Substrates/nutrients  +  cells  →  products  +  more  cells

• Product  formation  is  a  secondary  response.

LAG  PHASE
Exponential  Phase
DECELERATION
STATIONARY  PHASE
DEATH  PHASE