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• Means of escape
• Internal spread of flame to linings
• Structural Integrity of the building
• Fire compartmentation
• Access and facilities for emergency services
• Reduce the rising cost of insurance polices
• Protect capital investment
• Reduce the possible risk to the fire fighters
Why do we need to protect
Steelwork against fire?
Fire Protection
Active Passive
Fire Protection Fire Protection
Active
Fire Protection
Sprinkler Halogen
Suppression Extinguishers
Passive
Fire Protection
Fire Protection
Cementitious
Coverings Coating
Systems
Systems
Passive
Fire Protection
Fire Protection
Coverings Cementitious
Coating
(Boards) Systems
Systems
Passive
Fire Protection
Fire Protection
Coverings Cementitious
Coating
(Boards) Systems
Systems
Possibilities of Fire Protection
Coverings
(Boards)
Advantages
• Clean, dry installation
• Fire performance and finish all in one
• Up to 240 minutes fire performance
Possibilities of Fire Protection
Coverings
(Boards)
Disadvantages
• Hides the feature of the steel member
• No good on complex shapes
• Long application time
• Thickness at higher performance can be an
issue
• Weight can be an issue with dense boards
Possibilities of Fire Protection
Passive
Fire Protection
Fire Protection
Coverings Cementitious
Coating
(Boards) Systems
Systems
Possibilities of Fire Protection
Cementitious
Systems
Advantages
• Low Cost
• Thermal and accoustic insulation
• Up to 240 minutes fire performance
Possibilities of Fire Protection
Cementitious
Systems
Disadvantages
• Very messy application
• Easily damaged (no impact resistance)
• Space required for given protection
• Wire reinforcement might be required
• Difficult to ensure uniform thickness
Possibilities of Fire Protection
Passive
Fire Protection
Fire Protection
Coverings Cementitious
Coating
(Boards) Systems
Systems
Possibilities of Fire Protection
Coating
Systems
Advantages
• Ideal where the exposed profile of the steel
is a feature of the building design
• Only system suitable for castellated and
cellular beams where the openings are used
for services
• Light weight compared to other systems
Possibilities of Fire Protection
Coating
Systems
Advantages
• Thin film systems reduces the amount of
space used
• Up to 10 times faster to apply than boarding
systems
• Decorative topseals available
• Fibre free, no dust
• Easy to clean and maintain
Possibilities of Fire Protection
Coating
Systems
Disadvantages
• Quality checks required
• Primer compatibility checks required
• Drying times
• Masking may be required to surrounding
areas
• Skilled labour application for best results
Possibilities of Fire Protection
Coating
Systems
A Fire Protection Coating is a perfect fire protection for simple steel constructions
as well as for complex modern steel constructions.
Oxygen
Formation of a voluminous insulating
protective layer by developing a
Heat
carbon-rich foam and a concurrent Decomposition
expansion. products
Combustible Smoke
Heat gases
General composition of
an intumescent coating: Pyrolyse
Protective layer
1) Carbon source
Decomposition
2) Acid donor
NH2
* Development of a compact inorganic foam structure
2 HPO3 + TiO2 TiP2O7 + H2O
Principle of Fire Protection Coatings
Intumescent Coating
Spread of Flame / Flame Retardant Tests Cellulosic Fire Tests Hydrocarbon Fire Tests
Principle of Fire Protection Coatings
fire development
developmen
fire
ongoing
0 minutes hrs time
fire start flash-over
1200
1100
1000
900
Hydrocarbon Fire Curve
800
Temperature
700
Cellulosic Fire Curve
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time
ISO 834 UL 1709
Principle of Fire Protection Coatings
Temperature [°C]
Time [min]
• ISO 834
Fire-resistance tests - Elements of building constructions
• ASTM E-119 / UL263
Standard test methods for fire tests of building constructions and materials
• BS 476 Part 20 and 21
Fire tests on building materials and structures
• EN 1363-1
Fire resistance tests - Part 1: General requirements
• EN 13381-8
Tests methods for determining the contribution to the fire resistance of
structural embers - Part 8: Reactive Coatings for steel members
Principle of Fire Protection Coatings
Primer
Primer
+ Intumescent Coating
Primer
+ Intumescent Coating
+ Top Coat
Source: Rudolf Hensel GmbH | © Werner J. Hannappel, Tomas Riehle R90 DFT 2-4 mm
Deko Paint VOC
R30 SB R30 SB R60 WB/SB R90 WB/SB
Green Building
indoor use less solvents weather-resistant weather-resistant
DFT 2-4 mm DFT 1-2 mm DFT 1-3 mm outdoor use LEED / DGNB
> 1990
Launch of water-based IC
Fire resistance classification > 2000
up to 60 Minutes (R60) First approval for a solvent-based IC with
Indoor use without top coat fire resistance classification R90
More efficient formulas due to First approval for water-based IC
a new generation of raw materials: Construction projects with high surface
improved weather-resistance requirements (smooth or textured)
low coverage rates Decorative steel fire protection systems
become more important
Steel Fire Protection Systems
Then and Today
> 2010
Common tasks
• High-quality surfaces
Challenges
• Fire protection not duly taken into consideration in the planning stage
Improvement of Constructions
Background
• Heat conductivity of open profiles is better than heat conductivity of circular and rectangular
hollow sections
• Partially no approvals for circular and rectangular hollow sections
• Higher film thicknesses for filigree profiles required
Conclusion
• Consideration of fire protection in the earliest planning stage will lead to cost-effective solutions
combined with a high level of fire safety and surface appearance.
Improvement of Constructions
Section Factor
(Low) Hp/(High) A
Section Factor
(High) Hp/(Low) A
Water-based
Free from plasticizers
Free from Substances of Very High Concern
(SVHCs)1),3)
Free from CMR-Substances according to CMR-
Guidelines2),3)
Free from halogenes3)
Green Building-Certifications:
LEED, BREEAM, DGNB
PCF (Product Carbon Footprinting)
„CO2-Footprinting“4) acc. to ISO-Norm 14040/44
Recycling: Clearance Certificate
V (Solid) IC1-3: 70 %
IC1: 350 VOC g/Ltr
IC2: 50 VOC g/Ltr
IC3: 5 VOC g/Ltr
Wet amount IC1 VOC IC2 VOC IC3 VOC IC1 VOC IC2 VOC IC3 VOC
DFT [µm] WFT [µm] [Ltr/m²] [g/m²] [g/m²] [g/m²] Project [kg] Project [kg] Project [kg]
Absorption
and
Air Change
Analysis
Emission
Source: www.eurofins.com/voc-testing
Labels
Minimum legal
Quality labels Environmental label Building Labels
requirements
Emissionsge
prüftes
Bauprodukt
nach DIBt-
Grundsätzen
Z-…….
Sustainable Fire Protection Systems
Environmental Product Declaration
The Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) includes information regarding resource consumption, e.g. energy,
water and renewable resources as well as information regarding emissions in air, water and soil.
The Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) is based on the results of the LCI and specifies the concrete
environmental effects.
These are:
Greenhouse effect
Destruction of the ozone layer in the stratosphere
Acidification of water and soil
Eutrophication
Formation of photochemical oxidants
Exhaustion of fossil energy resources
Exhaustion of mineral resources
Source: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_Product_Declaration
Furthermore additional information with respect to environmental issues (e.g. threats and risks for
human health) and/or information regarding function and performance of a product can be given.
Source: Technisches Komitee ISO/TC 207 „Environmental Management“, ISO 14025-2006
Sustainable Fire Protection Systems
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Source: www.bau-umwelt.de
Sustainable Fire Protection Systems
Reference – HUGO BOSS AG, Metzingen – with HENSOTHERM® 420 KS
Primer
HOLZGRUND AQ or
HOLZGRUND SB
Intumescent Coating
HENSOTHERM®2 KS AUSSEN
Top Coat
HENSOTOP 84 AUSSEN
Fire Protection Systems for concrete
www.rudolf-hensel.de www.audax.de
info@rudolf-hensel.de g.keck@audax.de