 

Chemical Thermodynamics

CHAPTER : 




















      




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 Chemical Thermodynamics






    

            


   





 


      















Office.: 606 , 6th Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1,

Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 8507613968
www.newtonclasses.net
 Chemical Thermodynamics







    







    
 





  
  


                 
                 
   








   




Office.: 606 , 6th Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1,

Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 8507613968
www.newtonclasses.net
 Chemical Thermodynamics
 
    
 
        






 






 



         


 







 
         



 

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










  





  

    



         


          


  






    

 

    

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 Chemical Thermodynamics
 
     
 
           
  



 
       
     

 
            





  





 

      


 

 
          



  

Office.: 606 , 6th Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1,

Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 8507613968
www.newtonclasses.net
 Chemical Thermodynamics

  
           


 

         


 
  
 


 21   


  

     



            






 
 


   


        


Office.: 606 , 6th Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1,

Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 8507613968
www.newtonclasses.net
 Chemical Thermodynamics
          




 







   












 



  



  

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 Chemical Thermodynamics



  
 
 

   





  



 
 
   
    
 

   
 
  


 



     

  


Office.: 606 , 6th Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1,

Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 8507613968
www.newtonclasses.net
 Chemical Thermodynamics



            


 
 


  

  
   
 

  
   
 

  

 

 


     

 

1 3
    
2  2

Office.: 606 , 6th Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1,

Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 8507613968
www.newtonclasses.net
 
Chemical Thermodynamics
 
 
 



    


 


 

  
 

    





  

      



 


  


   

Office.: 606 , 6th Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1,

Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 8507613968
www.newtonclasses.net
 Chemical Thermodynamics




      


             


  
 


      





  







     

 

           


          
          

            

          
         

       

 




Office.: 606 , 6th Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1,

Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 8507613968
www.newtonclasses.net
 Chemical Thermodynamics
    

     

 


     

   

  

    
  



 
             

 
             

 
            

       

 

     








             

 

            

 

     


             



      

     

Office.: 606 , 6th Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1,

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www.newtonclasses.net
 Chemical Thermodynamics
   





  
  



 

 




1
  
2





 

  

  
 
 
1
   
2
  

1
   
2

Office.: 606 , 6th Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1,

Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 8507613968
www.newtonclasses.net
 Chemical Thermodynamics





  

 
  


     

 
    
   


    
  
 

  

              

  

   



 
   
1
   
2

1
       
2



  




Office.: 606 , 6th Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1,

Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 8507613968
www.newtonclasses.net
 Chemical Thermodynamics
  




 
  


  

1
    
2

7
    
2


   


    



    



   




   


     


 
 



Office.: 606 , 6th Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1,

Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 8507613968
www.newtonclasses.net
 Chemical Thermodynamics

  

 
 

 

 
   



 


   
 

 
 











  


  







  



Office.: 606 , 6th Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1,

Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 8507613968
www.newtonclasses.net
 Chemical Thermodynamics





  
  

     





           

      






 
 





 
 






Office.: 606 , 6th Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1,

Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 8507613968
www.newtonclasses.net
 Chemical Thermodynamics
 





   


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  



 


 

                 

 

Office.: 606 , 6th Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1,

Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 8507613968
www.newtonclasses.net
 Chemical Thermodynamics
           
 

                 

 
 
 
 

 
  
 

 
 

   
   


                 


 
 

 
 











Office.: 606 , 6th Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1,

Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 8507613968
www.newtonclasses.net
 Chemical Thermodynamics



 


     




 


   







 




  

   
 
           

 
 

 

     
1 3
   

2 2

Office.: 606 , 6th Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1,

Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 8507613968
www.newtonclasses.net
 Chemical Thermodynamics
1
   
2  

1
   
2  

 
 



   

   






















Office.: 606 , 6th Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1,

Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 8507613968
www.newtonclasses.net
 Chemical Thermodynamics







 






   


 
1 3
    
2 2

   




 


 
 
 
   


Office.: 606 , 6th Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1,

Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 8507613968
www.newtonclasses.net
 Chemical Thermodynamics

 




   





 


Office.: 606 , 6th Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1,

Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 8507613968
www.newtonclasses.net