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Prepositions of Place are used to show the position or location of one thing with
another.
In front of
Behind
Behind is the opposite of In front of. It means at the back (part) of something.
When the teacher writes on the whiteboard, the students are behind him (or
her).
Who is that person behind the mask?
I slowly down because there was a police car behind me.
Between
Between normally refers to something in the middle of two objects or things (or
places).
Next to / Beside
Next to and Beside mean the same thing. It usually refers to a thing (or person) that is
at the side of another thing.
Near / Close to
Near and Close to mean the same thing. It is similar to next to / beside but there is
more of a distance between the two things.
The receptionist is near the front door.
This building is near a subway station.
We couldn't park the car close to the store.
Our house is close to a supermarket.
On
On means that something is in a position that is physically touching, covering or
attached to something.
Above / Over
Above and Over have a similar meaning. The both mean "at a higher position than X"
but above normally refers to being directly (vertically) above you.
Over can also mean: physically covering the surface of something and is often used
with the word All as in All over.
Under / Below
Under and Below have a similar meaning. They mean at a lower level. (Something is
above it).
Sometimes we use the word underneath instead of under and beneath instead of below.
There is no difference in meaning those they are less common nowadays.
PREPOSITIONS OF MOVEMENT
ACROSS / THROUGH
Across is movement from one side of an area, surface, or line to the other side.
ALONG / AROUND
Along is to follow a line.
Around is to go in a circular direction around some obstacle.
INTO / OUT OF
Into is to go from outside a space to inside a space.
Out of is to go from inside a space to outside a space.
The cat went into the box. The cat jumped out of the box.
ONTO / OFF
Onto and off refer to surfaces, differently from into / out of (which refer to enclosed
spaces):
The dog jumped onto the table.
The dog jumped into the table.
I took the picture off the wall.
I took the picture out of the wall.
UP / DOWN
OVER / UNDER
To go over is to pass above something.
To go under is to pass below something.
The dog is running towards me. The boy is running away from me.
BACK TO
“Back to” is movement of return to a place you have been before:
He went to Italy.
(maybe for the first time)
He went back to Italy.
(it is the second time, or he is from Italy)
He went back Italy.
(this form is incorrect)
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
AT
We use AT with specific times (hour / minutes):
I get up at 7 o'clock.
My English class starts at 10am.
She finishes work at 6.15
I left the party at midnight.
12am = midnight
12pm = midday / noon
We use AT for a holiday period of two or more days:
ON
We use ON for specific days and dates:
IN
We use IN for specific months, years, seasons, centuries and lengths of time.
Compare:
The New Zealand National day is in February.
(I don't mention the day - only the month)
The Weekend
Sometimes you will hear AT the weekend and sometimes ON the weekend.
They are both correct. ON the weekend is used in United States.
used to show the person or thing I'm reading some short stories
by that does something: (written) by Chekhov.
used for showing some methods of It'd be quicker to get there on foot
travelling / on horse
on entering a public transport vehicle get on the train
entering a car / Taxi She got in the car and drove fast.
in
NOTE:
This is Jack and Mary’s laptop. (The laptop belongs to both Jack and Mary.)
These are Jack’s and Mary’s laptops. (Jack and Mary have their own laptop.)
3. The owners
We use ‘s just after one person if the thing belongs to both two people.
That’s Jack and Jame’s bike.
We use ‘s right after each person if each person has his/ her own thing.
Those are Jack’s and Jame’s bikes.
III. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
This, That, These, Those are called demonstratives and they are used to show the
relative distance between the speaker and the noun.
Demonstrative Pronouns
We use this (singular) and these (plural) to refer to something that is here / near.
Examples:
We use that (singular) and those (plural) to refer to something that is there / far.
Examples:
Note that the verb changes (i.e. singular / plural) depending on the pronoun that you
use.