NPTEL Online Certification Course

Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

Sub: Steam and Gas Power Systems
Instructor: Prof. Ravi Kumar

Assignment-7 Solution

1. Reheating in gas turbine results in

(a) high thermal efficiency
(b) reduction in compressor work
(c) decrease of heat loss in exhaust
(d) maximum work output

2. Work ratio of a gas turbine may be improved by

(a) decreasing compressor work
(b) decreasing the turbine work
(c) increasing compression work
(d) work ratio cannot be changed

3. The ideal efficiency of simple gas turbine cycle depends on

(a) maximum cycle temperature
(b) pressure ratio
(c) minimum cycle temperature
(d) exhaust temperature

Linked questions 4-7

A gas turbine plant consists of one turbine for compressor drive and another for output and
both are having their own combustion chambers which are served by the air directly from the
compressor. Air enters the compressor at 100 kPa and 15 oC and is compressed with an
isentropic efficiency of 0.76. Gas inlet temperature and pressure in both turbines are 680 oC
and 500 kPa. The isentropic efficiency of turbine is 0.86. The mass flow rate of air at the
compressor inlet is 23 kg/s. The calorific value of fuel is 42 MJ/kg. Assume c p=1.005 kJ/kg-K
and =1.4 for air and cp=1.128 kJ/kg-K and =1.34 for gases.
4. Gas required per kg of air compressed in compressor drive turbine to supply power to
compressor, kg
(a) 0.3183
(b) 0.5183
(c) 0.7183
(d) 0.9183

5. Mass of the fuel burned per kg of air

(a) 0.01375 kg
(b) 0.01575 kg
(c) 0.01775 kg
(d) 0.01975 kg
 6. Net power output of plant, kW
(a) 1705.4
(b) 2105.4
(c) 2505.4
(d) 2905.4

7. Thermal efficiency of plant, %

(a) 12.85
(b) 18.85
(c) 15.85
(d) 21.85
Solution:

4. Gas required per kg of air compressed in compressor drive turbine to supply

power to compressor, kg
Pressure ratio rp = 5, T1 =273+15 =288 K
T2 =T1× (5)0.286 =456.34 K
𝑇2 − 𝑇1
𝑇2 ′ = 𝑇1 + = 509.5 𝐾
0.76
T3 =680+273 =953 K
𝑇3 0.34
= (5)1.34 = 1.5042
𝑇4
953
𝑇4 = = 633.559 𝐾
1.5042
𝑇4 ′ = 𝑇3 − (𝑇3 − 𝑇4 ) × 0.86 = 953 − (953 − 633.559) × 0.86

𝑇4 ′ = 678.28 𝐾

Work consumed by compressor = 𝑐𝑃 (𝑇2 ′ − 𝑇1 )

= 1.005(509.5-288)= 222.6 kJ/kg of air

Work done by turbine =𝑐𝑃𝑔 (𝑇3 − 𝑇4 ′ ) = 1.128(953 − 678.28)

=309.88 kJ/kg of gas

Gas required per kg of air compressed in compressor drive turbine to supply power to
compressor
mg 222.6
= = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟏𝟖𝟑 𝐤𝐠
ma 309.88

5. Mass of the fuel burned per kg of air

Let mf be the amount of fuel supplied per kg of air in the combustion chamber

(𝑚𝑎 + 𝑚𝑓 )ℎ3 − 𝑚𝑎 ℎ2 ′ = 𝑚𝑓 × 𝐶𝑉

(1 + 𝑚𝑓 )𝑐𝑃𝑔 × 𝑇3 − 1 × 𝑐𝑃𝑎 × 𝑇2 ′ = 𝑚𝑓 × 42000

(1 + 𝑚𝑓 ) × 1.128 × 953 − 1.005 × 509.5 = 𝑚𝑓 × 42000

𝒎𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝒈 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒖𝒆𝒍 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒌𝒈 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒊𝒓

Total amount of gases per kg of air supplied in turbine = 1+0.01375 =1.01375 kg

Since gases required per kg of air in compressor drive turbine =0.7183 kg
Hence, gases supplied to output turbine is
1.01375-0.7183 =0.2954 kg/ kg of air
6. Net power output of plant, kW

Power developed = 0.2954 ×23×309.88 = 2105.38 kW

7. Thermal efficiency
309.88×0.2954
Thermal efficiency =0.01375×42000 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟖𝟓%

8. Most of the energy produced by gas turbine is utilized by _______

(a) compressor
(b) condenser
(c) to drive turbine blade
(d) none of these

9. In the _____ heat transfer takes place between the exhaust gases and compressed air.
(a) intercooler
(b) re-heater
(c) regenerator
(d) compressor
10. The thermal efficiency of simple gas turbine for a given turbine inlet temperature with
increase in pressure ratio
(a) decreases
(b) increases
(c) first increases then decreases
(d) first decreases then increases

11. Propulsive efficiency is defined as ratio of

(a) thrust power and fuel supply
(b) engine power and propulsive power
 (c) propulsive power and fuel input
(d) thrust power and propulsive power

Linked questions 12-15

Air at temperature of 15 oC enters a gas turbine plant working at pressure ratio of 5. Turbine
inlet temperature is 800 oC. Polytropic efficiency (i.e. small stage efficiency) of compressor
and turbine is 0.87. Assume cp = 1.005 kJ/kg-K for air and gases and calorific value of fuel used
= 42 MJ/kg of fuel.

12. Specific output of the plant, kW-s/kg of air

(a) 150
(b) 154
(c) 158
(d) 162

13. Overall efficiency of the plant, %

(a) 23.21
(b) 29.21
(c) 26.21
(d) 32.21

14. Air fuel ratio

(a) 62.5
(b) 65.5
(c) 68.5
(d) 71.5

15. Specific fuel consumption, kg/kW-h

(a) 0.3068
(b) 0.3268
(c) 0.3468
(d) 0.3668

Solution

𝑝2
=5
𝑝1
T1=288 K; T3=800+273 = 1073 K
 𝑛−1 𝛾−1
𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝜂𝑝 = ( )=( )
𝑛 𝛾
𝑛−1 𝛾−1 1
𝑠𝑜, ( )=( )×
𝑛 𝛾 𝜂𝑝

From gas laws

𝑛−1 𝛾−1
𝑇2 ′ 𝑝2 𝑛 𝑝2 𝛾.𝜂𝑝
=( ) =( )
𝑇1 𝑝1 𝑝1
0.4
𝑇2 ′ = 288(5)1.41×0.87

𝑇2 ′ = 488.58 𝐾
𝑛−1 𝛾−1
𝑇3 𝑝2 𝑛 𝑝2 𝛾.𝜂𝑝 0.4
= ( ) =( ) = (5)1.41×0.87 = 1.4919
𝑇4 ′ 𝑝1 𝑝1
1.073
𝑇4 ′ = = 719.21 𝐾
1.493
Net work done = Turbine work – compressor work

𝑐𝑃 (𝑇3 − 𝑇4 ′ ) − 𝑐𝑃 (𝑇2 ′ − 𝑇1 )
=1.005[(1073-719.21)-(488.58-288)] = 153.976 kW-s/kg of air

Heat supplied =𝑐𝑃 (𝑇3 − 𝑇2 ′ ) = 1.005(1073 − 488.58)

=587.34 kJ/kg of air
Net work 153.976
(a) Overall efficiency = = = 26.21%
Heat supplied 587.34
(b) Specific output = 153.976 kW-s /kg of air
(c) Air fuel ratio
Fuel air-ratio= Fuel used per kg of air
External heat supplied in kJ per kg of air
=
Calorific value of fuel in kJ per kg of fuel
587.34
= = 0.01398
42000
1
So; Air fuel ratio = =71.5
0.01398
Fuel∶air ratio ×3600 0.01398×3600
(d) Specific fuel consumption = =
specific output per kg of air 153.976
= 0.326856 kg/kW-h