ANATOMI DAN FISIOLOGI

PARU

By:
Amelia Lorensia

2017
1. Anatomi Saluran Pernafasan
 1. Anatomi Saluran Pernafasan
Structure of the Sinuse
s
Respiratory System
Nose
UPPER Nasal
RESPIRATORY cavitiy Faring
SYSTEM

LOWER
Laring
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
Trakea

Bronchus

RIGHT LEFT
LUNG LUNG
Bronchioles
Nose & Nasal Cavities

Nasal cavity is separated into

two nasal cavities by a midline
partition (nasal septum).
 Sinus
o Paired frontal sinuses,
o ethmoid sinuses,
o maxillary sinuses, and
o a partitioned sphenoid sinus

located at the base of the skull drain

directly or indirectly into the nasal cavity.
 Paired frontal sinuses, ethmoid sinuses,
Sinus (Cont’s..) maxillary sinuses, and a partitioned sphenoid
sinus located at the base of the skull drain
directly or indirectly into the nasal cavity.
 Volume & Kapasitas Paru
The air in the lung is divided into four compartments:
o Volume tidal  air exhaled during quiet breathing
o Expiratory reserve volume  maximum air exhaled
below tidal volume
o Inspiratory reserve volume  maximal air inhaled
above tidal volume
o Residual air  remaining in the lung after maximal
exhalation
The sum of all four components is the total lung capacity.

Vital capacity ?
Volume Paru
 Pemeriksaan Faal Paru

SPIROMETRI

Spirometri adalah
pemeriksaan yang dilakukan
untuk mengukur secara
obyektif kapasitas/fungsi
paru (ventilasi) pada pasien
dengan indikasi medis. Alat
yang digunakan disebut
spirometer.
 Obstructive Lung Disease
Obstructive lung disease is defined as
an inability to get air out of the lung.
It is identified on spirometry when
FEV1/FVC (force expiratory volume in
the first second of expiration/forced vital
capacity [total amount of air that can be
exhaled during a forced exhalation.
Reversible airway obstruction is common in asthma and
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. An increase in FEV1
of 12% (and >0.2 L in adults) after an inhaled β-agonist
suggests an acute bronchodilator response.]) is <70% to 75%.
 Restrictive Lung Disease
Restrictive lung disease is defined as
an inability to get air into the lung and
is best defined as a reduction in total
lung capacity. It is suspected when FVC
is low and FEV1/FVC is normal.

Restrictive lung disease can be produced by a number of defects,

such as increased elastic recoil (interstitial lung disease), respiratory
muscle weakness (myasthenia gravis), mechanical restrictions
(pleural effusion or kyphoscoliosis), and poor effort.
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)