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A H M 531 Hydrometer test By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

Reg.No:0002804 .
Title Of Project :hydrometer
Group.No: S2 .
Date-Day: 4/10/2001 Sunday.

‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ اﺣﻤﺪ اﻟﻌﺘﻮم‬ 1 ATOOMUS

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A H M 531 Hydrometer test By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

 The Objective:
Find the properates of soil by it is dinesty
(hydrometer).
Find relation between finer & grain-size.
To determine of the particale-size distribution in
a soil.
Using stocke’s law to find (D).

Theory:
stocke’s law :( V = BD2)
V: velocity ./ D: dimeter of the soil./B= constant.

Definition:
This experiment used to find properates &relation of
the soil.it takes long time but it very easy & important.

Uses:

To find the properates of soil.

To find grain-size effect.

To determine the relation between deposition with


time & denisty of mixed water.

‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ اﺣﻤﺪ اﻟﻌﺘﻮم‬ 2 ATOOMUS

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A H M 531 Hydrometer test By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

Sample Identification:
Amount of soil & container.

Amount of water to put it in hydrometer.

Amount of chimical to distroy the join with the soil.

Equipment:

cylinder
hydrometer

Hydrometer.
Cylinder.
Eletronic scale.
Bar to measure distance.
Mixer ( to mix the mixation).
Timer to determine the time.

Procedure:

Make the mixation from soil ,water & chimical


material.Then mixed it by mixer.

‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ اﺣﻤﺪ اﻟﻌﺘﻮم‬ 3 ATOOMUS

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A H M 531 Hydrometer test By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

put amount of ( soil ,water & chimical material) in the


cylinder then mixed it strongly to sure that no join material.

after that , put hydrometer in cylinder & takes the


measures on it by the time.

you should clean it by clean cylinder, because the


falling soil fall on it .(so that it is low in measurement).

Taking the measures from hydrometer.

Measure the distance of hydrometer.

find the volume of hydrometer by removed water.

Result & analysis:


Calculation:
H1: the dinesty scale.
h : the distance of puple.
(Rh(reading) =L = H1+0.5h)

‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ اﺣﻤﺪ اﻟﻌﺘﻮم‬ 4 ATOOMUS

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‫‪A H M 531‬‬ ‫‪Hydrometer test‬‬ ‫‪By: Mu'men Al-Otoom‬‬

‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫_‪05‬‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‪:‬‬
‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫_‪10‬‬
‫‪H1‬‬
‫‪ (1‬إن زﻳﺎدة آﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫‪Rh‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫_‪15‬‬
‫اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻣﻴﺘﺮ و اﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬إن اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻣﻴﺘﺮ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻴﺲ ﻣﺎ أﺻﺒﺢ أﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫_‪20‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﺼﻒ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫_‪25‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﻏﺴﻞ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻣﻴﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ وﻗﺖ إﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ ﻓﻲ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺮاآﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻷﺗﺮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫_‪30‬‬
‫‪ (4‬هﻨﺎﻟﻚ آﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺤﺬﻳﺮات أﺛﻨﺎء أﺧﺬ‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫_‪35‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎت‪ :‬اﻷﺧﺬ ﺑﻌﻴﻦ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﺗﻘﻌﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻣﻴﺘﺮ و ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﺪرج‪.‬‬

‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪0.5 h‬‬

‫) ‪-(V =B D2‬‬
‫) ‪- (V= length / time = L / T‬‬
‫‪- dinesty =Constant / length‬‬

‫)‪- L = H1+0.5h (put‬‬


‫‪There are many mistakes from:‬‬
‫‪1) change the volume when you put it on the‬‬
‫‪cylinder. (¶).‬‬

‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ اﺣﻤﺪ اﻟﻌﺘﻮم‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪ATOOMUS‬‬

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A H M 531 Hydrometer test By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

2) The mistakes from the form of water on glass.

L= H1+0.5h- X- ¶=H1+0.5h-0.5-¶ . (X or cm)..


3) ¶:( change the volume when you put it on the
cylinder).
---------------------------------------------------------------------

- K% = (100Gs/m(Gs-1)) x (Rh + mt –X) .


- Gs =2.7 .
- X= 3.5 (‫)أآﺒﺮ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻼﺻﻖ اﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎت‬
- mt= ‫) ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼت ﺑﻔﻌﻞ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة و ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪول‬
.( ‫اﻟﺬي ﻳﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬
- T=21C°
- Weight of soil =25g
- B=

Time Rhm Rh D(mm) K% sieving Total


Rh+ mt- Percent
=Rhm+
(measure) mc =(L/tB)1/2 x finer
finer K%
X=3.5 (particalK%
mc= 0.5
L D mt X passing )
=+0.15
15s 19.50 20.00 12.3 16.65 105.78 88.7 93.82
30s 18.70 19.20 13.3 15.85 100.69 85.5 86.09
60s 17.00 17.50 13.55 14.15 89.89 82.7 74.34
2min 14.00 14.50 14.1 11.15 70.84 74.6 52.85
4min 10.50 11.00 15.6 7.65 48.6 52.02 25.28
8min 8.00 8.50 17.3 5.15 32.72 23.8 7.79
15min 6.50 7.00 17.6 3.65 23.19 16.86 3.91
30min 5.24 5.74 17.8 2.39 15.18 ------
1h 4.75 5.25 17.9 1.9 12.10 ------

‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ اﺣﻤﺪ اﻟﻌﺘﻮم‬ 6 ATOOMUS

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A H M 531 Hydrometer test By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

100
120
80
100
1‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ 60
80

size
2‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ 40 1‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ 60
20 40
0 20
13

10

1
0
K% 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Discussion & Conclusion:


Discuss the result:
This ruslt is very important put it has many error.using
hydrometer to find (D).
Errors :
We can see error in weight.

We can see error in fall of soil on the hydrometer.

we can see error in mixed of mixation.

We can see error in the increasing of water so


effect on the length of (L).

importment:
we can see the advanteage of this experiment and we can
see the erres.

.
‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ اﺣﻤﺪ اﻟﻌﺘﻮم‬ 7 ATOOMUS

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