Designation: A 370 - 08a Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products' ‘This snd shad unre fins deigston AD; the mumber imei filling the dsgtivn inde the yur of Util ttn oi the cane of iso he yur It rvs Aum preteen the your bat appa supersope spon odessa evel cage since he kt vision ce ep issn nas boon apne fr ase by agencies of the Departmen of Defoe L. Scope 1.1 These test methods? cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of wrought and cast steels, stainless steels, and related alloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are used 10 determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed t0 ‘obtain reproducible and comparable results, In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique for at Variance with these general procedures, the product specification testing requirements shall contro 1.2 The following mechanical tests are described: Sects Teesion Sits Bere % rine © Fle Porta pat iva Keyards 2 1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products ‘are appended 10 these test methods as Follows: Annan Bar Produce att Tubal Proeuts ene Ae Brn As Am A ‘Soriianoe of Nowe. Bar impact Tsing srmec AS ‘CurwringPerceriag Elorgaton of Rout Specimens to rn A ‘guvalens for Flt Specrners Tesing Mute Sane Arne A Rouring ot Tox Dats. An AB Mahods er Tesing Siva Reboring as Armee Ab Procecen ets and Carole Hoa C9 Sian ar 810 1.4 The values stata in incl-pound units are to be regarded as the standard, 1.5 When this document is referenced in a metric product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in ‘Toe 1S mas ad defn of under We jution of ASTM rapensbiy of Suhooneigce AUN. on Mecbicil and Choma Testing Prasoate Met of Sts Prt a Praca Cuncrt sition approved Apel 1. 2008. Published Muy. 2H, Orgy spy 1953, Lin prvies sition wppoved #200 gs AST =C8 Tur ASME Bier and Prccre Yel Coke ppitions soe rea Spi cation SA-390 i Section Lo that Cs pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The elongation determined in ineh-pound gauge lengths of 2 of 8 in, may be reported in ST unit gauge lengths of 50 or 200 mm, respectively, a applicable. Conversely, when this document is referenced in an inch-pound product specification, the yield tnd tensile values may be determined in ST units then con verted into inch-pound units. The elongation determined in SI unit gauge leagths of $0 or 200 mm may he reported in pound gauge lengths of 2 of 8 in, respectively, us applicable, 1.6 Attention is directed to ISOMBC 17025 and E 1595 when there may be # need for information on criteria for evalustion of testing laboratories 17 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro priate sajety and health practices and determine the applica- bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents, 2.1 ASTM Standards: * ‘A20R/A 703M Specification for Steel Castings, Geneeal ‘Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts ATRIA 781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, ‘Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use A833 Practice for Indentation Hardness of Metall rials by Comparison Hardness Testers E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test- ing E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials, E 8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Mate- rials (Metric) E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi- alls E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials Mate: Pr wfeased ASTM staan vst the ASTM webs wong comme ASTM Caster Serves at serve exty og Por Ama Bok of ASTM Sondons che iforaton rt the saan Dosen Summary pags “A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard cepyign © AST Hamat 1D Ba Haar Ee, PO Hot SO, eet Crwraacan PR KES, Uns Sts,fly a 370-084 E23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impuct Testing of “Metallic Marerials E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to ‘Determine Confoemance with Specifications E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten- ‘someter Systems E110 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Metallic “Materials by Portable Hardness Testers E 190 Test Method for Guided Bend Test for Ductlity of ‘Welds 290 Test Methods for Bend ‘Testing of Mater Ducility E1595 Practice for Evaluating the Performance of Me- chanical Testing Laboratories* 22 ASME Document:* ASME Boiler and Prewure Vessel Code, Seetion VI, Division I, Part UG-8 23. 180 Standank® ISOMLEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competence oF Testing and Calibration Laboratories for 3. General Precautions 3.1 Certain methods of fabrieation, such as bending, form- ing, and welding, or operations involving heating, may affect the properties of the material under test. Therefore, the product specifications cover the stage oF manufacture at which me= chanical testing is to be performed, The properties shown by testing priot 10 fabrication may not necessarily be representa tive of the product after it has been completely fabricsted, 3.2 Improper machining or preparation of test specimens may give erroneous results. Care should be exereised to assure good workmanship in machining. Improperly machined spec! mens should be discarded and other specimens substituted. 3.3. Flaws inthe specimen may also affect results, any test specimen develops flaws, the retest provision of the applicable product specification shall govern 34 IF any test specimen fails because of mechanical reasons such ay failure of testing equipment or improper specimen preparation, it may be discarded sind another specimen taken. 4. Orientation of Test Specimens 4.1 The terms “longitudinal test” and “transverse test” ane used only jn material Specifications for wrought products anc ‘are not applicable to castings. When such reference is made 10 ‘8 test coupon or test specimen, the following definitions apply 4.14 Longitudinal Test, unless specifically defined other- wise, signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is parallel to the direction of the greatest extension of the steel during solling or forging. The stress applied to a longitudinal tension test specimen is in the direction of the yreatest extension, and the axis of the fold of a longitudinal bend test specimer is at right angles to the ditection of greatest extension (Fig. 2, Fig. 2a, and 2b) alah: fam Amrien Sst of Mashurl Eginasn (ASME). ASME, Inca Headey, Te Pr Ave. New Yr NY 1016-599, = avs fm Anerican Natal Sand ne (ANSM) 25 W. $3 4h Br, Now Vk, NY TOL, power, FIG. 1 The Relation of Test Coupons and Test Specimens to Rolling Direction or Extension (Applicable to General Wrought Products) 4.1.2 Transverse Test, unless specifically defined otherwise, Signiffes that the Tengthwise axis of the specimen is at right angles to the direction of the grestest extension of the steel during rolling or forging. The stess applied to a transverse tension test specimen is at right angles to the greutest exten- sion, and the axis ofthe fold ofa teansverse bend test specimen is parallel to the greatest extension (Fig. 1). 4.2. The terms “radial test” and “tangential test” are used! in material specifications for some wrought circular products and are not applicable to castings. When such reference is made to "test eoupon or test specimen, the following definitions apply: 42.1 Radial Test, unless specifically defined otherwise, signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is perpen- dicular to the axis of the produet and coincident with one of the radii of a cirele drawn with a point on the axis of the produet asa center (Fig. 2a), 42.2 Tangential Test, unless specitically defined otherwise, jes that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is perpen- dicular toa plane containing the axis of the product and tangent toa citele drawn with a point on the axis of the peoduet as a venter (Fig, 2a, 2b, 26, and 20D, TENSION TEST 8. Description 5.1. The tension test related tothe mechanical testing of steel products subjects « machined or full-section specimen of the ‘material under examination 10 2 measured load sufficient to cause rupture, The resulting properties sought are defined in Terminology E6, 5.2 In general, the testing equipment and methods are given ‘Test Methods F 8. However, there ure eertain exceptions 10, Test Methods E 8 practices in the testing of steel, and these are ceovered in these test methodsAf a 370-088 olongation Protongotion Teal Lorgnudine Toot (4) Shafts and Rotors Pratengetien fag) aereer ® oo he Cengtedina Teel (0) Hotiow Forgings. “Tongentia Tea Protengotion| Protengotion 4 Foraine Tangentiot Test iL “Tangential Test 6 Ring Foren FIG. 2 Location of Longitudinal Tension Test Specimens in Rings Cut from Tubulr Products 6, Terminology 6.1 Bor definitions of tems pertaining 1o tension testing, including tensile strength, yield point, yield strength, elonga- tion, and reduction of area, reference should be made to Terminology E.6, 7. Testing Apparatus and Operations 7.1 Loading Systems—There are two general types of load ing systems, mechanical (serew power) and hydraulic, These differ chicily in the vatiablity of the rate of loud application, ‘The older serew power machines are limited to a small number ‘of fixed free running crosshead speeds, Some ma power machines, and all hydraulic machines. permit stepless variation throughout the range of speeds, 7.2 "The tension testing machine shall be maintained in good operating condition, used only in the proper loading range, and calibrated periodically in accordance withthe latest revision of Practices E4. Nort 1 Many machines are equipped with stress reorders for ncuven. It should be noted thet some ng component enttely seperate rom the Toad indicator of the testing machine. Such recordens ure ealbated spat, 73 Loading—It is the function of the gripping or holding vice of the testing machine to transmit the load from the heads of the machine to the specimen under test. The essential requirement is that the lol shall be transmimted axially. This implies that the centers of the action of the grips shall be in alignment, insofar as practicable, with the axis ofthe specimen