Lab#1

Objective :

How to build a transformer

Theory :

The transformer is an electrical component having the ability to change the voltage level and
current through two coils wound around a common core or center. The core is formed by a large
number of plates or foils of an alloy of iron and silicon. This alloy reduces losses by
magnetization hysteresis (ability to maintain a magnetic signal after removal a magnetic field)
and increases the resistivity of the iron.

Operation of a transformer

The change in voltage or current that makes a transformer is true because the secondary winding
is induced by a magnetic field produced by the primary winding together with the core. The
change in voltage or current delivered by the transformer is reversed, that is, when the
transformer increases the voltage, low current; as low voltage, the current rises. This leads to a
law: energy delivering a transformer cannot exceed the energy that goes into it.
Although the primary and secondary winding are insulated by cardboard, waxed paper,
pressboard or plastic, the magnetic field is transmitted from the primary winding to the
secondary.
There is a relationship between the turns of the primary winding and the secondary winding. This
relationship determines the output voltage of the transformer and are equal, the ratio between the
turns of the windings and the input and output voltages.
When the primary winding to the secondary winding is equal (1: 1), the voltage and input current
are equal to the output voltage and current. In this case this only serves to make transformer
galvanic isolation, ie we can touch the output current without being electrocuted.
By changing the turns of the secondary winding wire changes the output voltage of the
transformer. Example: if for each turn of the primary winding, we give three turns in the
secondary; would, in the case of applying a voltage of 10 volts at the input, the output would be
30 volts. And when we wind a loop of wire in the secondary for every three turns of the primary;
in the case of applying a voltage to the input of 30 volts would have a 10 volt output.

Calculations:

The area of the transformer core

The core section is related to the total power in the following way:

Core section = √ PT
 Where total power is PT = V x I RMS RMS

RMS voltage = V / √2

The core section is equal to the square root of the total power.

Core Area=side*side of the reel

Calculating the number of turns of copper wire:

There is a constant that is the number 42, we will not go into details about the origin of this
number, since the idea is not to delve into math

Number of turns per volt = 42 / Core Area

For the primary winding

number of turns per volt*input primary voltage = primary turns or turns of copper wire.

For the secondary windings:

TASK:

Using these formulas construct the transformer whose input is 24V and output is 12V