Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
College of Medicine
Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition
HUMAN
IMMUNODEFICIENCY
VIRUS / AIDS
BONDAD, BRAVO, CANDELARIA, CAPILI, CONCEPCION
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Learning Objectives
01 To differentiate HIV
from AIDS
To discuss the
05 management and
prevention of HIV /
AIDS
To explain the
06 mechanism of action of
drugs used in HIV and
AIDS
1. To differentiate HIV from
AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency
Virus
● Is a virus that damages the cells in
your immune system and weakens
your ability to fight everyday infections
and disease.
● Genus: Lentivirus
● Family: Retroviridae
● Subfamily: Orthoretrovirinae
Human Immunodeficiency
Virus
● HIV was introduced during 1920-1940
● HIV 1 - from non-human primate immunodeficiency viruses
from Central African chimpanzees
● HIV 2 - from West African sooty mangabeys
Acquired immune deficiency
syndrome
Fusion
Reverse Transcription
Integration
Replication
Assembly
Budding
HIV Life cycle
Attachment
● Glycoprotein gp120
binds to co-receptor,
CCR5 and CXCR4 of a
CD4+ cell
Fusion
Integration
1. ART/Antiretroviral Therapy
● The administration of different drugs to manage patients with
HIV/AIDS
● Highly recommended if the patient exhibits one or more of the
following:
• You have severe symptoms.
• You have an opportunistic infection.
• Your CD4 T cell count is under 350.
• You're pregnant.
• You have HIV-related kidney disease.
• You're being treated for hepatitis B or C.
MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION OF HIV/AIDS
ART Drug Classes:
1. Nucleoside reverse
transcriptase inhibitors
(NRTIs)
2. Non-nucleoside reverse
transcriptase inhibitors
(NNRTIs)
3. Protease inhibitors (PIs)
4. Fusion inhibitors
5. CCR5 antagonists
6. Integrase strand transfer
Figure X. Seven drug classes of Antiretroviral Therapy for
inhibitors (INSTIs) HIV/AIDS patients
7. Post attachment inhibitors
MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION OF HIV/AIDS
● “Berlin patient”
● Blocking CCR5 through gene therapy
● A zinc-finger nuclease has been used in a Phase I trial of
12 humans and led to an increase in CD4 count and
decrease in their viral load while off antiretroviral
treatment
MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION OF HIV/AIDS
6. Lifestyle Change
● Change in diet
● Vaccinations
● Avoidance of parasite hosts
● Safe sex practices
MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION OF HIV/AIDS
● HVTN 702
● 31.2% effective at preventing HIV infection over the
3.5-year follow-up after vaccination
● Mixture of Canarypox vector-based vaccine called
ALVAC-HIV and a two-component gp120 protein subunit
vaccine
6. To explain the mechanism of
action of drugs used in HIV and
AIDS
Nucleoside Analogs
(NRTIs)