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A mesh current is a current that loops around the essential mesh. The
mesh current might not have a physical meaning but it is used to set up the
mesh analysis equations. When assigning the mesh currents it is important to
have all the mesh currents loop in the same direction. This will help prevent
errors when writing out the equations. The convention is to have all the mesh
currents looping in a clockwise direction. Figure 2 shows the same circuit
shown before but with the mesh currents labelled.
The reason to use mesh currents instead of just using KCL and KVL to
solve a problem is that the mesh currents can account for any unnecessary
currents that may be drawn in when using KCL and KVL. Mesh analysis
ensures that the least possible number of equations regarding currents is
used, greatly simplifying the problem.
A supermesh occurs when a current source is contained between two
essential meshes. To handle the supermesh, first treat the circuit as if the
current source is not there. This leads to one equation that incorporates two
mesh currents. Once this equation is formed, an equation is needed that
relates the two mesh currents with the current source. This will be an
equation where the current source is equal to one of the mesh currents
minus the other. The following is a simple example of dealing with a
supermesh.
This procedure is followed for each source in turn, then the resultant
responses are added to determine the true operation of the circuit. The
resultant circuit operation is the superposition of the various voltage and
current sources.