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Roll No:
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PSG COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE - 641 004

SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS, JUNE 2017
BE(SW) – PRODUCTION ENGINEERING Semester : 4
12P305 FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY
Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Answer ALL questions from GROUP – I.
2. Answer any FIVE questions from GROUP – II.
3. Answer any ONE question from GROUP – III.
4. Ignore the box titled as “Answers for Group III” in the Main Answer Book.
5. Any missing data can be suitably assumed.
GROUP - I Marks : 10 x 3 = 30

1. State the significance of kinematic viscosity.

2. Brief on non-Newtonian fluids with examples.
3. What is meant by irrotational flow and condition for such flows?
4. List out the properties of a velocity potential function.
5. State the the importance of Darcy-Weisbach equation.
6. Brief on Rayleigh method.
7. Discuss the importance of Muschel curves.
8. What is the significance of Buckingham’s theorem?
9. List the effects of cavitation and the how to avoid these?
10. Brief on differential equation of mass conservation?
GROUP - II Marks : 5 x 10 = 50
11. Consider the two-dimensional incompressible velocity potential φ = xy + x2 – y2. Is it true
that 2φ = 0, and, if so, what does this mean? If it exists, find the stream function ψ(x, y)
of this flow. Find the equation of the streamline which passes through
(x, y) = (2, 1).
12. Consider a steady, two-dimensional, incompressible flow of a newtonian fluid with the
velocity field u = –2xy, v = y2 – x2, and w = 0. Does this flow satisfy conservation of
mass? Find the pressure field p(x, y) if the pressure at point (x = 0, y = 0) is equal to pa.
13. In a vertical pipe carrying water, pressure gauges are inserted at points X and Y where
the pipe diameters are 0.18 m and 0.09 m respectively. The point Y is 2.25 m below X
and when the flow rate down the pipe is 0.025 m3/s, the pressure at Y is 15686 N/m2
greater than that at X. Assuming the losses in the pipe between X and Y can be
expressed as where v is the velocity at X, find the value of k.

If the gauges at X and Y are replaced by tubes filled with water and connected to a U-
tube containing mercury of relative density 13.6, calculate difference in the levels in the
two limbs of the U-tube.

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No of Pages : 2 Course Code : 12P305

14. A pipeline of diameter 0.84 m is 8 km long. To increase the discharge another line of
same diameter is introduced parallel to the first pipe in the second half of the length.
Neglecting minor losses, calculate the increase in flow rate if the head at inlet is 600 mm
and the frictional factor is 0.04.
15. At higher speeds where compressibility effects are to be taken into account the
performance of a propeller in terms of force exerted is influenced by the diameter,
forward speed, rotational speed, density, viscosity and bulk modulus of the fluid.
Evaluate the dimensionless parameters for the system.
16. The head available at a location was 1500 m. It is proposed to use a generator to run at
750 rpm. The power available is estimated at 20 MW. Investigate whether a single jet
unit will be suitable. Estimate the number of jets and their diameter. Determine the mean
diameter of the runner and the number of buckets.

GROUP - III Marks : 1 x 20 = 20

17 (a) An axial flow turbine operates a 10 MW alternator at 225 rpm under a head of
10.25 m. The alternator efficiency is 98% and overall efficiency of turbine is 90%. The
tip diameter of runner is 6 m and hub diameter is 3 m. Assuming the hydraulic
efficiency as 93% and no exit whirl, calculate the runner vane angles at inlet and
outlet at the mean diameter of vanes. (14)
(b) Discuss about the performance characteristics of outward flow reaction turbine? (6)
18 (a) Calculate guide blade angles, vane angles, runner diameters at inlet & outlet and
width of the wheel at outlet for a Francis turbine with the following data: Net head =
60 m; Speed = 700 rpm; Shaft power = 294.3 kW; Overall efficiency = 0.84; Hydraulic
efficiency = 0.93; Flow ratio = 0.2; Breadth ratio = 0.1; OD/ID = 2; The thickness of
vanes occupy 5% of circumferential area of runner, velocity of flow is constant and
discharge is radial at outlet. (14)
(b) Discuss in detail about the draft tubes? (6)

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