SALVADOR-007Anti Skyjacking Artifice

Submitted by,
Gayathri V
Gayathri A.H
Janani J
MD Sumaiya

Abstract:

Aircraft hijacking is the take-over of an aircraft, by a person or group, usually armed. In

most cases the pilot is forced to fly according to the orders of the hijackers. Hijacking occurs
when a perpetrator approaches the passengers or pilot and diverts the path of the aircraft into his
own.

The SALVADOR-007 aims at providing an effective means for deterring aircraft

hijacking. Aircraft hijacking has become a dreadful nightmare to the passengers after the 9/11
incident. Several nations have stated that they would shoot down hijacked commercial aircrafts if
it can be assumed that the hijackers intend to use the aircraft in 9/11-style as a weapon, despite
killing innocent passengers onboard. According to reports, US fighter pilots have been training
shooting down commercial airliners. Our brainstorm can liberate the passengers onboard from
the hijackers. SALVADOR has proposed remote control systems for aircrafts whereby no one on
board would have control over the plane's flight.

The new idea that has been tossed around here is to put the hijacker out of action before he
takes total control over the aircraft. Once the hijacker is rendered inoperative then we aim at
guiding the aircraft from the base station to a safe land. As per the objective of this venture to
disable the hijacker before he gets on to his action, the cabin can be filled with a seductive gas
that would put all the passengers to sleep, including the terrorists, in an emergency.

Every passenger seat will be fitted with a panic switch and this is to be pressed in case of
any risk factor observed in the cabin while the flight in on float. When the panic switches are
pressed, the cabin cameras automatically turn on which can be viewed from the base station.
High resolution cameras can be placed at different parts of the cabin, in the air conditioners,
behind shelves etc.
As mentioned above when the panic switch is pressed in the cabin, the base station is first alerted
and then the cabin cameras turn on automatically. For this purpose of alerting the base station we
use an alarm.

The ground station will then be able to have a complete view of the cabin through the
high resolution cameras. Once the presence of a hijacker in the passenger cabin is confirmed by
the authorities, as per the objective of this venture to disable the hijacker before he gets on to his
action of taking over the control of the aircraft, the cabin can now be filled with a seductive gas
that would put all the passengers to sleep, including the terrorists, in an emergency. There is also
a possibility that there would be another hijacker at the cockpit area. This is checked again by
viewing the cockpit camera. In the positive case the same gas can also be released into the
cockpit. In such a situation we would be rendering the manual controls inoperable, it would then
lock autopilot, the only way to manually control the plane from that point onward would be via
external remote control by the authorities in the base station .The trained pilots at ground station
use the cockpit simulators to operate as though they were in the aircraft itself and guide it to
safety.

Objective:

Most of the systems available today are ineffective in preventing or deterring aircraft
hijacking. Hijacking occurs when a perpetrator approaches the passengers or pilot and diverts the
path of the aircraft into his own. The main objective of this venture is to disable the hijacker
before he gets on to his action of taking over the control of the aircraft. This can be done by
filling the passenger cabin with sleeping gas. Everybody goes to sleep and the pilot at ground
station can then operate as though they were in the aircraft itself and guide it to safety. The
SALVADOR-007 aims at providing an effective means for deterring aircraft hijacking. The new
idea that has been tossed around here is to put the hijacker out of action before he takes total
control over the aircraft. Once the hijacker is rendered inoperative then we aim at guiding the
aircraft from the base station to a safe land.

System Architecture:

Flight Control
Overview:
The heart of the flight control is the microcontroller. The microcontroller is interfaced with the
switch bank, the DTMF Encoder, DTMF Decoder, the Camera and the Audio/Video Transmitter
Module. The Microcontroller supplies the initial power for the working of the Camera and the
Audio/Video Transmitter Module.

Functioning:

The panic switches are contained in a switch bank where each switch is connected in parallel to
the Microcontroller. The above diagram shows six such switches in a switch bank which are
connected to the Microcontroller. The logic behind the parallel connection is that when the
majority out of the six switches (i.e. more than three here) are triggered then the microcontroller
receives a signal. The microcontroller then supplies power to the Audio/Video Transmitter
Module and the Camera, which turns these components on. The Microcontroller passes the
corresponding digital data to the DTMF Encoder. The DTMF Encoder is used to convert the
digital data to analog data to be given to the Audio/Video Transmitter Module. The camera
transmits the audio and video signal to the Audio/Video Transmitter, which transmits the signal
through the Antenna. We use a driver circuit interface that drives the Solenoid valve by
providing adequate current required by the valve.

Base Station Control

Overview:

The microcontroller is interfaced with the DTMF Encoder, DTMF Decoder, the Buzzer, RS-232,
the Driver circuit.

Functioning:
The signal transmitted from the flight is received by the Audio/Video Receiver in the Base
Station. This signal is sent to the DTMF Decoder, which converts the Analog signal to Digital
form to be given to the Microcontroller. The Microcontroller then stimulates the Buzzer. The
RS-232 is used as an interface between the Microcontroller and the PC. It is used to match the
Voltage of the Microcontroller and PC. The Audio/Video Receiver receives the transmitted
audio and video signals which can be examined through the PC. Once an emergency is declared
and the Gas has to be triggered, a signal is transmitted from the Base Station through the PC.
This signal is received by the flight receiver and the Solenoid valve is opened for the Gas flow.
Next the controls in the flight are completely shutdown and transferred to the Base station. With
the help of the PC, the flight can be controlled to a safe land. We use a driver circuit interface
that drives the switching circuit by providing adequate current required by the switching circuit.

Circuit Diagram

Base Station Control

Flight Control
Basic Connection

• R1, C1 - Reset Components

• Crystal - Control the Speed of Execution
• Power Supply – 5V

DTMF Decoder
 • R1 and R2 – Gain Components
• C2 and R3 – Timing Components
• S/R – Signal Receive (ACK)
• D0, D1 ,D2, D3 – 4 bit Output
• C1 – Coupling Capacitor
• Crystal – Control the Speed of Execution
• Power Supply – 5V

Regulator:

C1 – Storage Bank C3 – Ripple Filter

C2 – Noise Filter Power Supply – 12V
RF Transmitter

• NPN Transistor
o Produce Oscillation and Amplification
o Base – 39K
o Emitter – 100 ohms
• Collector – RFC
• C1 – Coupling Capacitor to allow only AC and only audio is given as Input
• C2 - Used to maintain stability in Base
• C3 -
• C4 -Variable Capacitor.
• C5 - Biasing
• C6 - Allows AC of particular frequency
• R1 and R3 – Biasing Components
• R2 – Voltage Divider/ DTMF Signal Control
• RFC – Radio Frequency Coil: Generates Inductance.
• RFC and C4 – Tank circuit
• Antenna – Increase in height produces Greater Range
• Change in Inductance and Capacitance produces a change in Frequency
• Power Supply – 5V
MAX- 232

• C1, C2, C3 – Doubling the incoming positive voltage

• C4 - Doubling the incoming negative voltage
• T1- IN, T2- IN – Transmitter Input for MAX- 232 from Microcontroller
• T1 –OUT, T2 – OUT - Transmitter Output to PC from MAX- 232
• R1 - IN, R2 – IN - Receiver Input for MAX- 232 from PC
• R1 – OUT, R2 – OUT - Receiver Output to Microcontroller from MAX- 232
• Power Supply – 5V
System Flow:

Flight Control Transmission:

• The initial condition demonstrates the Microcontroller waiting for the signal from the
switch bank.

• Once the signal is received, the Microcontroller supplies power for both the A/V
transmitter and the Camera, eventually turning them on.

• Simultaneously the Microcontroller generates an alert signal and passes it on to the A/V
Transmitter through the DTMF Encoder.

• The A/V transmitter then transmits the alert signal and the A/V signals spawned by the
Camera to the base station through the Antenna.
Base Station Reception:

• The Base station waits for the alert signal from the Flight. Once it receives the alert
signal, a buzzer is activated to draw attention
• The images from the camera is received and viewed through the PC
Base Station Transmission:

• Once the presence of a hijacker in the passenger cabin is confirmed, a button is triggered
from the base station PC that releases a gas in the Passenger Cabin

• The cockpit is also checked for the presence of Hijacker through the cockpit camera. In
the positive case the same gas can also be released into the cockpit.

• In such a situation we would be rendering the manual controls inoperable, it would then
lock autopilot.

• The only way to manually control the plane from that point onward would be via external
remote control by the authorities in the base station
Flight Control Reception:

• Once the base station transmits the Gas-release signal the flight receiver receives this
signal and responds to it by powering the Driver module to activate the Solenoid valve.

• This Solenoid valve when opened releases the Gas stored in the cylinders.

• The Base station at one point of emergency transmits a signal to shutdown the flight
controls and enables the cockpit simulator controls in the base station.

• The flight receiver receives this control transfer signal and shutdowns all its controls.

Receive the gas release signal

and open the Solenoid valve

When the control transfer

signal is received the flight
controls are shutdown

Stop
Tools Used:

Hardware:

• Micro controller
• Positive Voltage Regulator
• Switch
• RS-232
• Resistors, Capacitors
Software:
• External Flash (ATMEL Flash programmer)
• Circuit Maker

Conclusion:

This project when implemented is sure to destroy the desires of the hijackers and with this
kind of a technology there can be no thought of another 9/11 incident.