Ethernet / TCP-IP - Training Suite

01 – TCP-IP Introduction
 Generic information about TCP-IP 2

BOOTP
SMTP
? FTP ?
? DHCP HTTP
?
POP3
? ?
IP SNMP
TFTP

PPP
?
?
ICMP
DNS ?
ARP Telnet

? UDP ?
TCP
 A layered protocol stack 3

Application • The main interface for the user.

Layer • Higher level protocols

Transport • End-to-end connections (UDP and TCP)

Layer • Ensure reliability (TCP)

Internet • Intra & Inter-Network communication

Layer • no guaranty of delivery

Data link • Intra-Network communication

Layer • Transport data on the physical support
 TCP-IP : Encapsulation
4

User
Data

TFTP User
Header Data

UDP TFTP User

Header Header Data

IP UDP TFTP User

Header Header Header Data

Ethernet IP UDP TFTP User Ethernet

Header Header Header Header Data Trailer
 TCP-IP : Key Protocols
5

I want to IP
IP send data to
127.127.127.127 Transport Layer

TCP UDP
I want to UDP

UDP send a datagram

on the port #
Internet Layer

IP
I want to TCP

TCP send data in

a reliable way
Datalink Layer

Ethernet
STM32F4x7
on the port #
PHY
 TCP-IP : Key Protocols 6

Who knows ARP

ARP 127.127.127.127’s
MAC address?
Transport Layer

TCP UDP

Internet Layer
I send or ICMP

ICMP receive queries

or error messages
PING
ICMP
127.127.127.127
IP

ARP
Datalink Layer

Ethernet
STM32F4x7

PHY
 TCP-IP : Key Application layer protocols
7
Application Layer
BOOTP BOOTP
DHCP/ I want
to get an DHCP DNS DHCP
BOOTP IP address ?
Transport Layer

What is DNS
TCP UDP
DNS the IP address
of www.st.com ? Internet Layer
ICMP IP

ARP
Datalink Layer

Ethernet
STM32F4x7

PHY
Ethernet / TCP-IP - Training Suite

01 – TCP-IP Introduction
Ethernet / TCP-IP - Training Suite

02 - ARP ICMP DHCP DNS protocols

 TCP-IP : Key Protocols(ARP)
10
Transport Layer
Who knows ARP

ARP 192.168.0.10’s
MAC address?
TCP UDP

Internet Layer

IP

ARP
Datalink Layer

Ethernet
STM32F4x7

PHY
 Why ARP is needed 11

• Application only knows IP(192.168.0.10)

ARP
• Network interface only needs MAC dynamic mapping
(02-00-00-00-00-00), never detects IP -- MAC
IP(192.168.0.10)

IP MAC
192.168.0.10 02-00-00-00-00-00
 Demonstration 12

IP: static 192.168.0.10

IP: 192.168.0.11
DHCP 192.168.0.x
MAC: Dell_8c:fb:d1
MAC: 02-00-00-00-00-00
ARP example 13

Query ARP cache

ARP cache

Ping

ARP cache
New mapping is
added
What happened? 14
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
15
 TCP-IP : Key Protocols(ICMP)
16
Transport Layer
Who knows ARP

ARP 127.127.127.127’s
MAC address?
TCP UDP

Internet Layer
I send or ICMP

ICMP receive queries

or error messages
PING
ICMP IP
127.127.127.127

ARP
Datalink Layer

Ethernet
STM32F4x7

PHY
 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
17
• The ICMP diagnostic/control purposes/generated in
response to errors in IP operations)
• It allows to communicate Queries and error messages.
• Some message can be sent by the user, other are send by
the stack itself
Query (Ping) Error Messages
 ICMP Queries 18

The
Time
Destination IP number Time
to live
of bytes
 ICMP Error message 19

• Destination unreachable

• Time exceeded Analysis the root cause

according to the ICMP
• Source quench error message.

• Redirect
 TCP-IP : Key Application layer protocols(DHCP)
20
Application Layer
BOOTP BOOTP
DHCP/ I want
to get an DHCP DHCP
BOOTP IP address ?
Transport Layer

TCP UDP

Internet Layer

ICMP IP

ARP

Ethernet
Datalink Layer STM32F4x7
PHY
 Bootstrap protocol (BOOTP) /
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
21

Can I BOOTP • to get an IP address from a

get an configuration server
DHCP
IP address ? • Relies on the UDP protocol

BOOTP DHCP

Designed before DHCP Designed after BOOTP

To configure diskless devices To configure frequently
with limited boot capability relocated network devices
Limited configuration Extended configuration
parameters parameters
… …
DHCP example 22
TCP-IP : Key Application layer protocols(DNS)
23
Application Layer
What is DNS
the IP address
of www.st.com ? DNS
Transport Layer

TCP UDP

Internet Layer

ICMP IP

ARP

Ethernet
Datalink Layer STM32F4x7
PHY
 Domain Name Service (DNS)
24

• It’s the “contact list” or “phone book”

of the internet

• It allows to resolve www.st.com into

81.25.196.35
Ethernet / TCP-IP - Training Suite

02 - ARP ICMP DHCP DNS protocols