ARTICLE IV

CITIZENSHIP

SECTION 1. The following are citizens of the Philippines:

1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this
Constitution;
2. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;
3. Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine
citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and
4. Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.

CITIZENHIP – is a term denoting membership of a citizen in a political society

Citizen – is a person having the title of citizenship.

CITIZENSHIP AND CITIZEN DISTINGUISHED

- Citizenship is a term denoting membership of a citizen in a political community. This
membership implies, reciprocally a duty or allegiance on the part of the member and a
duty of protection on the part of the state.
- Citizenship is the direct link between the individual and the state.
- Citizen, according to Aristotle, is one who has share in the government of a state and is
entitled the enjoys of honors. Some modern political thinkers define citizenships as one
who enjoy a special legal status.

NATIONALITY and NATIONALS DISTINGUISHED

 Using international laws as a frame of reference the terms “citizenship and citizen” do
not exactly mean the same nationality and national the latter term has a boarding
meaning.

 It maybe noted that prior to the granting of Philippines Independence by the United
States on July 4, 1946, the Filipinos were deemed American national because they
owned all allegiance to the united states not only citizens thereof.

SUBJECT and ALIENS, DISTINGUISHED

 a citizen is a member of a democratic community who enjoy full civils and political rights.

Immigrants are persons who apply for entry into another state for the purpose of permanently
residing there in. These immigrate to the another state, hopefully to ensure their personal safety
or economic development.

KINDS OF CITIZENS
 Natural born and naturalize. Natural – born citizens enjoy special privileges which, in some
state, are not availed of by naturalized. Natural born citizens are eligible for the highest
position in government.

MODE OF AQUIRING CITIZENSHIP

1. Citizenship by birth – is government by the two principles: JUS SANGUINIS and JUS
SOLI
 JUS SANGUINIS – blood relationship is the best for its acquisition.
JUS SOLI or JUS LOCI – the places or birth serves as the basis for the acquisition of
the citizenship.

2. CITIZENSHIP by NATURALIZATION
Naturalized adopting a foreigner into the body
3. CITIZENSHIP BY MARRIAGE
- In some countries, a woman who marries a foreigner becomes a citizen of the country of
her husband. The wife undergoes a process of naturalization before becoming a state
citizen.

NATURALIZATION OF JUDICIAL PROCESS

 Foreigners applying for naturalization by judicial process should process prescribed
qualification such as age, residence in the state he seeks citizenship.

1. He must be not less than 21 years of age on the day of the hiring of the petition.
2. He must be resided in the Philippines, for continuous period of not less than 10 years.
3. He must be of good moral character and believes in the principles underlying the
Philippine constitution, and must have conducted himself in a proper and irreproaching
manner
4. He must own real property in the Philippine not less than 5000 pesos.
5. He must be able to speak and write English and any one of the principal Philippines
languages.

LOSS OF CITIZENSHIP in the Philippines

Philippines citizenship maybe lost reacquired in the manner provided by law.
1. Voluntarily
- By naturalized in a foreign country by express renunciation of citizenship.
2. Involuntarily
- By cancellation of his certificate by court and by having been declared by competent
authority.

REPATRIATION OF CITIZENSHIP
- Citizens who banished themselves for their negative countries and acquired a foreign
citizenship, may regain their citizenship.

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBLE OF NON-CITIZENS TO THE STATE

As matter of state policy, when an alien enters the territory of other state.

The duties and obligation of the citizens of the Republic of the Philippines.
 To be loyal to the republic and to honor the flag.
 To defends the state contribute and welfare.
 To uphold the constitution and obey the laws.
 To cooperate with duty contributed authority