Line Sizing Criteria As Per Different International Standards

LINE SIZING CRITERIA AS PER DIFFERENT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
Ajay S. Satpute
Sr. Process Engineer
M. Tech. (Chemical)
I.I.T., Madras, INDIA
Ramboll Oil & Gas, QATAR
Introduction:
This article is the compilation of line sizing criteria provided in different international standards, such as API, NORSOK and TOTAL.
The purpose of this exercise is to have different reputed standards' guidelines at one place, so that the process engineer shall have better und
Table 1 and 2 are provided below as quick reference. However, it is suggested to go through Table 3 before concluding line sizing criteria.
Table 1: Input values to be provided

Suction/Discharge/
Phase Fluid
Gravity
Single phase Liquid Discharge
Table 2: Output of Table 1
Vmax Vmin ρV2 Mach no.

ΔP criteria Max. allowed back pressure Referred standard
criteria criteria
4.6 m/s NA NA NA NA NA API 14E, 5th Edition
NOTE: More outputs are available. Check Table 3 for highlighted results.
Table 3
Sr. Suction/Discharge/ Fluid Sand
No. Phase Fluid Gravity description presence MOC Condition Pipe NB
Single
1 phase Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA Pressurized service NA
Single
2 phase Liquid Discharge NA Yes NA Pressurized service NA
Reciprocating pump (≤
3 Single phase Liquid Suction NA No/NA NA 250 rpm) suction NA
Reciprocating pump
4 Single phase Liquid Suction NA No/NA NA (251 - 330 rpm) suction NA
Reciprocating pump (>

5 Single phase Liquid Suction NA No/NA NA 330 rpm) suction NA
Centrifugal pump
6 Single phase Liquid Suction NA No/NA NA suction NA
Reciprocating pump
Single (≤ 250 rpm)
7 phase Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA discharge NA
Reciprocating pump
Single (251 - 330 rpm)
Reciprocating pump
Single (> 330 rpm)
Single Centrifugal pump

11 Single phase Gas Discharge NA No/NA NA Pressurized service NA
12 Two phase Gas & Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA Continuous service NA
13 Two phase Gas & Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA Intermittent service NA

14 Two phase Gas & Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA Pressurized service NA
NA
15 Single phase Liquid Gravity NA Yes NA Drain line NA

NA
Single
16 phase Liquid Discharge NA No/NA CS Pressurized service NA
Single
17 phase Liquid Discharge NA Yes CS Pressurized service NA
Liquid with Liquid with
large large
quantities of quantities of
18 Single phase mud Discharge mud Yes CS Pressurized service NA
Untreated sea Untreated sea
19 Single phase water Discharge water No/NA CS Pressurized service NA
Deoxygenate Deoxygenated
20 Single phase d sea water Discharge sea water No/NA CS Pressurized service NA
Single
21 phase Liquid Discharge NA No/NA SS/Ti Pressurized service NA
Single
22 phase Liquid Discharge NA Yes SS/Ti Pressurized service NA
large large
23 Single phase mud Discharge mud Yes SS/Ti Pressurized service NA
24 Single phase water Discharge water No/NA SS/Ti Pressurized service NA
25 Single phase d sea water Discharge sea water No/NA SS/Ti Pressurized service NA
Single
26 phase Liquid Discharge NA No/NA CuNi Pressurized service NA
Single
27 phase Liquid Discharge NA Yes CuNi Pressurized service NA
large large
28 Single phase mud Discharge mud Yes CuNi Pressurized service NA
29 Single phase water Discharge water No/NA CuNi Pressurized service NA
30 Single phase d sea water Discharge sea water No/NA CuNi Pressurized service NA
Single
31 phase Liquid Discharge NA No/NA GRP Pressurized service NA
Single
32 phase Liquid Discharge NA Yes GRP Pressurized service NA
large large
33 Single phase mud Discharge mud Yes GRP Pressurized service NA
34 Single phase water Discharge water No/NA GRP Pressurized service NA
35 Single phase d sea water Discharge sea water No/NA GRP Pressurized service NA
Sub-cooled Sub-cooled Centrifugal pump

36 Single phase liquid Suction liquid No/NA NA suction NA
Centrifugal pump
37 Single phase Boiling liquid Suction Boiling liquid No/NA NA suction NA
Single Centrifugal pump

Vent line for

39 Single phase Gas Discharge NA No/NA NA atmospheric system NA
40 Single phase Gas Discharge NA No/NA NA Pressurized service NA

Pressurized service
Single (operating pressure 0
41 phase Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA to 35 barg) NA
Pressurized service
Single (operating pressure
42 phase Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA 35 to 138 barg) NA
Pressurized service
Single (operating pressure
43 phase Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA more than 138 barg) NA
44 Two phase Gas & Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA Pressurized service
45 Single phase Gas Discharge NA No/NA NA Flare line NA
46 Single phase Gas Discharge NA No/NA NA Vent line NA

NA
47 Single phase Liquid Gravity NA Yes NA Drain line NA
Drain line with heavy

48 Single phase Liquid Gravity NA Yes NA amount of sand NA
49 Single phase Liquid Gravity NA Yes NA Drain line (oil free) NA
Drain line (oil

50 Single phase Liquid Gravity NA Yes NA contaminated) NA
Drain line (domestic

51 Single phase Liquid Gravity NA Yes NA sewage) NA
NA
Pump suction (liquid at
bubble point or with
52 Single phase Liquid Suction NA No/NA NA dissolved gas) 2"
53 Single phase Liquid Suction NA No/NA NA dissolved gas) 3" to 6"
54 Single phase Liquid Suction NA No/NA NA dissolved gas) 8" to 18"
55 Single phase Liquid Suction NA No/NA NA dissolved gas) > 18"
Pump suction (non-

56 Single phase Liquid Suction NA No/NA NA boiling liquid) 2"
Pump suction (non-

57 Single phase Liquid Suction NA No/NA NA boiling liquid) 3" to 6"
Pump suction (non-

58 Single phase Liquid Suction NA No/NA NA boiling liquid) 8" to 18"
Pump suction (non-

59 Single phase Liquid Suction NA No/NA NA boiling liquid) > 18"
Single Pump discharge

60 phase Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA (pressure < 50 barg) 2"

61 phase Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA (pressure < 50 barg) 3" to 6"

62 phase Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA (pressure < 50 barg) 8" to 18"

63 phase Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA (pressure < 50 barg) > 18"

64 phase Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA (pressure > 50 barg) 2"

65 phase Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA (pressure > 50 barg) 3" to 6"

66 phase Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA (pressure > 50 barg) 8" to 18"

67 phase Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA (pressure > 50 barg) > 18"
Pump discharge
(pressure < 50 barg
Single and Storage tank
68 phase Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA inlet or in loading) 2"
Pump discharge
(pressure < 50 barg
69 phase Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA inlet or in loading) 3" to 6"
Pump discharge
(pressure < 50 barg
Pump discharge
(pressure < 50 barg
71 phase Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA inlet or in loading) > 18"
Pump discharge
(pressure > 50 barg
72 phase Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA inlet or in loading) 2"
Pump discharge
(pressure > 50 barg
Pump discharge
(pressure > 50 barg
Pump discharge
(pressure > 50 barg
75 phase Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA inlet or in loading) > 18"
76 Single phase Liquid Gravity NA No/NA NA Drain line NA
Single
77 phase Liquid Discharge NA No/NA CS Sea water lines NA
Steam condensate
78 Single phase Liquid Gravity NA No/NA NA return NA
Gas (excluding Continuous operating (P

79 Single phase Gas Discharge flare line) No/NA NA ≤ 20 barg) NA
Gas (excluding Continuous operating

80 Single phase Gas Discharge flare line) No/NA NA (20 120 barg) NA
Dis-continuous
operating - compressor
Gas (excluding anti-surge (P ≤ 50
84 Single phase Gas Discharge flare line) No/NA NA barg) NA
Dis-continuous
Gas (excluding anti-surge (50 80
Dis-continuous
Gas (excluding operating - compressor
87 Single phase Gas Suction flare line) No/NA NA suction (P ≤ 50 barg) NA
Dis-continuous
Gas (excluding suction (50 80 barg) NA
Dis-continuous
90 Single phase Gas Discharge flare line) No/NA NA discharge (P ≤ 50 barg) NA
Dis-continuous
Gas (excluding discharge (50 80 barg) NA
93 Single phase Steam Discharge NA No/NA NA P ≤ 10 barg, L ≤ 200 m NA
94 Single phase Steam Discharge NA No/NA NA P ≤ 10 barg, L > 200 m NA
10 

96 Single phase Steam Discharge NA No/NA NA 200 m NA
97 Single phase Steam Discharge NA No/NA NA P > 30 barg, L ≤ 200 m NA
98 Single phase Steam Discharge NA No/NA NA P > 30 barg, L > 200 m NA
Continuous operating (P
99 Two phase Gas & Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA ≤ 20 barg) NA
Continuous operating
100 Two phase Gas & Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA (20 120 barg) NA
Dis-continuous
anti-surge (P ≤ 50
104 Two phase Gas & Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA barg) NA
Dis-continuous
anti-surge (50 80
Dis-continuous
107 Two phase Gas & Liquid Suction NA No/NA NA suction (P ≤ 50 barg) NA
Dis-continuous
suction (50 80 barg) NA
Dis-continuous
110 Two phase Gas & Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA discharge (P ≤ 50 barg) NA
Dis-continuous
discharge (50 80 barg) NA
Upstream of relieving
113 Single phase Gas Discharge Flare gas No/NA NA device, Line size ≤ 2" NA
device, Operating
114 Single phase Gas Discharge Flare gas No/NA NA pressure ≤ 50 barg NA
device, Operating
115 Single phase Gas Discharge Flare gas No/NA NA pressure > 50 barg NA
Upstream of
downstream device,
116 Single phase Gas Discharge Flare gas No/NA NA Intermittent flow NA
Upstream of
downstream device,
117 Single phase Gas Discharge Flare gas No/NA NA Continuous flow NA
Flare gas and Upstream of relieving

118 Two phase Gas & Liquid Discharge condensate No/NA NA device NA
SOK and TOTAL.
gineer shall have better understanding and comparison of the decision making conditions.
uding line sizing criteria.
Referred standard Remarks
PI 14E, 5th Edition NA
ΔP ρV2 Mach no. Max. allowed

Vmax Vmax Vmin criteria criteria criteria back pressure Referred standard Remarks
15 ft/s 4.6 m/s NA NA NA NA NA API 14E, 5th Edition NA

0.9
NA NA m/s NA NA NA NA API 14E, 5th Edition NA
0.6 m/s
2 ft/s (typical (typical flow
flow velocities) velocities) NA NA NA NA NA API 14E, 5th Edition NA
0.5 m/s
1.5 ft/s (typical (typical flow
0.3 m/s
0.9 m/s
6 ft/s (typical 1.8 m/s
flow (typical flow
velocities) velocities) NA NA NA NA NA API 14E, 5th Edition NA
4.5 ft/s 1.4 m/s
(typical flow (typical flow
flow (typical flow
flow (typical flow
Velocity criteria (< 60
ft/s) should not be
interpreted as an
60 ft/s 18.3 m/s NA NA NA NA NA API 14E, 5th Edition absolute criteria
100/√ρm, ft/s 100/√ρm, ft/s NA NA NA NA NA API 14E, 5th Edition ρm is in lb/ft3
125/√ρm, ft/s 125/√ρm, ft/s NA NA NA NA NA API 14E, 5th Edition ρm is in lb/ft3

NA NA 3.1 m/s NA NA NA NA API 14E, 5th Edition NA
0.75
9.8 ft/s 3 m/s m/s NA NA NA NA Maersk Oil standard NA
Norsok standard P-
19.7 ft/s 6 m/s NA NA NA NA NA 001, 5th Edition NA
Norsok standard P-
Norsok standard P-
Norsok standard P-
Norsok standard P-
Norsok standard P-
23 ft/s 7 m/s NA NA NA NA NA 001, 5th Edition NA
Norsok standard P-
Norsok standard P-
Norsok standard P-
Norsok standard P-
Norsok standard P-
9.8 ft/s 3 m/s 1 m/s NA NA NA NA 001, 5th Edition NA
Norsok standard P-
NA NA 1 m/s NA NA NA NA 001, 5th Edition NA
Norsok standard P-
NA NA 1 m/s NA NA NA NA 001, 5th Edition NA
Norsok standard P-
Norsok standard P-
Norsok standard P-
Norsok standard P-
Norsok standard P-
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 001, 5th Edition NA
Norsok standard P-
Norsok standard P-
Vmax depends upon
fluid (if with or
without sand,
untreated or
< 0.25 deoxygenated
bar/100 Norsok standard P- seawater) and pipe
NA NA NA m NA NA NA 001, 5th Edition MOC
Vmax depends upon
fluid (if with or
without sand,
untreated or
< 0.05 deoxygenated
Vmax depends
upon fluid (if with
or without sand,
untreated or
< 0.9 deoxygenated
< 0.005 Norsok standard P-

NA NA NA bar NA NA NA 001, 5th Edition NA
175/√ρ, m/s or 175/√ρ, m/s

60 m/s or 60 m/s
whichever is whichever is Norsok standard P-
lower lower NA NA NA NA NA 001, 5th Edition ρ is in kg/m3
0.001 to
0.11
bar/100
m
(recom
mended
pressur Norsok standard P-
NA NA NA e drop) NA NA NA 001, 5th Edition NA
0.11 to
0.27
bar/100
m
(recom
mended
pressur Norsok standard P-
NA NA NA e drop) NA NA NA 001, 5th Edition NA
< P/500
bar/100 Norsok standard P- P is operating
NA NA NA m NA NA NA 001, 5th Edition pressure in bara
183/√ρmix, Norsok standard P-
183/√ρmix, m/s m/s NA NA NA NA NA 001, 5th Edition ρmix is in kg/m3
< 200000 Norsok standard P- Both conditions to be
NA NA NA NA kg/ms2 < 0.6 001, 5th Edition satisfied
Norsok standard P-
NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.07 barg 001, 5th Edition NA
Total standard GS-EP-

SAF-228A, Revision
NA NA 0.8 m/s NA NA NA NA 02 NA
SAF-228A, Revision
NA NA 1.2 m/s NA NA NA NA 02 NA
SAF-228A, Revision
9.8 ft/s 3 m/s 0.8 m/s NA NA NA NA 02 NA
SAF-228A, Revision
4.9 ft/s 1.5 m/s 0.8 m/s NA NA NA NA 02 NA
SAF-228A, Revision
4.9 ft/s 1.5 m/s 0.8 m/s NA NA NA NA 02 NA
< 0.9 Total standard GS-EP-

2 ft/s 0.6 m/s NA bar/km NA NA NA ECP-103, Revision 02 NA


3.9 ft/s 1.2 m/s NA bar/km NA NA NA ECP-103, Revision 02 NA





Total standard GS-
< 4.5 EP-ECP-103,
14.8 ft/s 4.5 m/s NA bar/km NA NA NA Revision 02 NA
Total standard GS-
< 4.5 EP-ECP-103,
Total standard GS-
< 4.5 EP-ECP-103,
Total standard GS-
< 4.5 EP-ECP-103,
19.7 ft/s 6 m/s NA bar/km NA NA NA Revision 02 NA
Total standard GS-
<9 EP-ECP-103,
Total standard GS-
<9 EP-ECP-103,
Total standard GS-
<9 EP-ECP-103,
Total standard GS-
<9 EP-ECP-103,
Total standard GS-
< 4.5 EP-ECP-103,
Total standard GS-

< 4.5 EP-ECP-103,
Total standard GS-

< 4.5 EP-ECP-103,
Total standard GS-

< 4.5 EP-ECP-103,
Total standard GS-

<9 EP-ECP-103,
Total standard GS-

<9 EP-ECP-103,
Total standard GS-

<9 EP-ECP-103,
Total standard GS-

<9 EP-ECP-103,
0.6 m/s
2 ft/s normal normal < 0.45 Total standard GS-EP-
velocity velocity NA bar/km NA NA NA ECP-103, Revision 02 NA
Total standard GS-
EP-ECP-103,
11.5 ft/s 3.5 m/s 2 m/s NA NA NA NA Revision 02 NA

4.9 ft/s 1.5 m/s NA NA NA NA NA ECP-103, Revision 02 NA
< 6000 Total standard GS-EP-

NA NA NA NA kg/ms2 NA NA ECP-103, Revision 02 NA







< 0.7 < 10000 Total standard GS-EP-

NA NA NA bar/km kg/ms2 NA NA ECP-103, Revision 02 NA




<1 Total standard GS-EP-

NA NA NA bar/km NA NA NA ECP-103, Revision 02 NA

NA NA NA bar/km NA NA NA ECP-103, Revision 02 NA

138 ft/s 42 m/s NA bar/km NA NA NA ECP-103, Revision 02 NA



ρm is apparent
density, Vm is
apparent fluid velocity
< 6000 Total standard GS-EP- and to be used for
ECP-103, Revision 02 ρm*Vm calculations
2
NA NA NA NA kg/ms2 NA NA
ρm is apparent
density, Vm is
2
ρm is apparent
density, Vm is
2
ρm is apparent
density, Vm is
2
ρm is apparent
density, Vm is
2
ρm is apparent
density, Vm is
2
ρm is apparent
density, Vm is
2
ρm is apparent
density, Vm is
2
ρm is apparent
density, Vm is
2
ρm is apparent
density, Vm is
2
ρm is apparent
density, Vm is
2
ρm is apparent
density, Vm is
2
ρm is apparent
density, Vm is
2
ρm is apparent
density, Vm is
2
≤ 25000 Total standard GS-EP-



For ρ > 100000
kg/ms2 vibration and
≤ 150000 Total standard GS-EP- line supports are
NA NA NA NA kg/ms2 < 0.7 NA ECP-103, Revision 02 required

NA NA NA NA kg/ms2 < 0.35 NA ECP-103, Revision 02 NA

NA NA NA NA kg/ms2 < 0.25 NA ECP-103, Revision 02 NA

Line Sizing Criteria As Per Different International Standards

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LINE SIZING CRITERIA AS PER DIFFERENT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

Table 1: Input values to be provided

Table 2: Output of Table 1

Vmax Vmin ρV2 Mach no.

4.6 m/s NA NA NA NA NA API 14E, 5th Edition

Reciprocating pump (>

Single Centrifugal pump

11 Single phase Gas Discharge NA No/NA NA Pressurized service NA

12 Two phase Gas & Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA Continuous service NA

13 Two phase Gas & Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA Intermittent service NA

15 Single phase Liquid Gravity NA Yes NA Drain line NA

Sub-cooled Sub-cooled Centrifugal pump

Single Centrifugal pump

Vent line for

40 Single phase Gas Discharge NA No/NA NA Pressurized service NA

44 Two phase Gas & Liquid Discharge NA No/NA NA Pressurized service

45 Single phase Gas Discharge NA No/NA NA Flare line NA

46 Single phase Gas Discharge NA No/NA NA Vent line NA

47 Single phase Liquid Gravity NA Yes NA Drain line NA

Drain line with heavy

49 Single phase Liquid Gravity NA Yes NA Drain line (oil free) NA

Drain line (oil

Drain line (domestic

Pump suction (non-

Pump suction (non-

Pump suction (non-

Pump suction (non-

Single Pump discharge

Single Pump discharge

Single Pump discharge

Single Pump discharge

Single Pump discharge

Single Pump discharge

Single Pump discharge

Single Pump discharge

76 Single phase Liquid Gravity NA No/NA NA Drain line NA

Gas (excluding Continuous operating (P

Gas (excluding Continuous operating

Gas (excluding Continuous operating

Gas (excluding Continuous operating

Gas (excluding Continuous operating (P

93 Single phase Steam Discharge NA No/NA NA P ≤ 10 barg, L ≤ 200 m NA

94 Single phase Steam Discharge NA No/NA NA P ≤ 10 barg, L > 200 m NA

10 < P ≤ 30 barg, L >

97 Single phase Steam Discharge NA No/NA NA P > 30 barg, L ≤ 200 m NA

98 Single phase Steam Discharge NA No/NA NA P > 30 barg, L > 200 m NA

Flare gas and Upstream of relieving

Referred standard Remarks

PI 14E, 5th Edition NA

ΔP ρV2 Mach no. Max. allowed

15 ft/s 4.6 m/s NA NA NA NA NA API 14E, 5th Edition NA

100/√ρm, ft/s 100/√ρm, ft/s NA NA NA NA NA API 14E, 5th Edition ρm is in lb/ft3

125/√ρm, ft/s 125/√ρm, ft/s NA NA NA NA NA API 14E, 5th Edition ρm is in lb/ft3

< 0.005 Norsok standard P-

175/√ρ, m/s or 175/√ρ, m/s

Total standard GS-EP-

< 0.9 Total standard GS-EP-

< 0.9 Total standard GS-EP-

< 0.9 Total standard GS-EP-

< 0.9 Total standard GS-EP-

< 3.5 Total standard GS-EP-

< 3.5 Total standard GS-EP-