FOOT STEP POWER GENERATION

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION
Man has needed and used energy at an increasing rate for his sustenance and wellbeing
ever since he came on the earth a few million years ago Primitive man required energy
primarily in the form of food. He derived this by eating plants or animals, which he
hunted. With the passage of time, man started to cultivate land for agriculture. He added a
new dimension to the use of energy by domesticating and training animals to work for
him. With further demand for energy, man began to use the wind for sailing ships and for
driving windmills, and the force of falling water to turn water for sailing ships and for
driving windmills, and the force of falling water to turn water wheels. Till this time, it
would not be wrong to say that the sun was supplying all the energy needs of man either
directly or indirectly and that man was using only renewable sources of energy. Other
people have developed piezo-electric (mechanical-to electrical) surfaces in the past, but
the Crowd Farm has the potential to redefine urban space by adding a sense of fluidity
and encouraging people to activate spaces with their movement. The Crowd Farm floor is
composed of standard parts that are easily replicated but it is expensive to produce at this
stage. This technology would facilitate the future creation of new urban landscapes
athletic fields with a spectator area, music halls, theatres, nightclubs and a large gathering
space for rallies, demonstrations and celebrations, railway stations, bus stands, subways,
airports etc. like capable of harnessing human locomotion for electricity generation. With
further demand for energy, man began to use the wind for sailing ships for driving
windmills, the force of falling water to turn water for sailing ships and for driving
windmills, and the force of falling water to turn water wheels. Till this time, it would not
be wrong to say that the sun supplying solar energy needs of man either directly or
indirectly and that man was using only renewable sources of energy.

1.2 NEED FOR NON- CONVENTIONAL ENERGY

Fuel deposit in the will soon deplete by the end of 2020 Fuel scarcity will be maximum.
Country like India may not have the chance to use petroleum products. Keeping this
dangerous situation in mind we tried to make use of non-pollutant natural resource of
petrol energy. The creation of new source of perennial environmentally acceptable, low
cost electrical energy as a replacement for energy from rapidly depleting resources of

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fossil fuels is the fundamental need for the survival of mankind. We have only about 25
years of oil reserves and 75 – 100 years of coal reserves. Resort to measure beginning of
coal in thermal electric stations to serve the population would result in global elemental
change in leading to worldwide drought and decertification. The buzzards of nuclear
electric-stations are only to will. Now electric power beamed directly by micro-wave for
orbiting satellite. Solar power stations (S.P.S) provide a cost-effective solution even
though work on solar photo voltaic and solar thermo electric energy sources has been
extensively pursued by many countries. Earth based solar stations suffer certain basic
limitations. It is not possible to consider such systems and meeting continuous
uninterrupted concentrated base load electric power requirements. Energy plays an
important role in the material, social and cultural life of mankind. The energy needs are
increasing day by day. This is the result of population growth and increase in the standard
of living which directly proportional to energy consumption. As we know that mankind
will be never lacking in energy. Today, it is liquid fluid, tomorrow it may be uranium with
an element of risk. Risk exists where ever there is human activity and production of
energy. Just as the supply of fossil fuel is finite thus there will be the supply of uranium.
Perhaps, uranium would be exhausted quickly if it is used on a large scale. It is therefore,
harnessing the gigantic inexhaustible solar energy source reduces the dependence on
fossil fuels. For the environmental concerned, the solar energy harnessing system offers
advantages in that, it emits no pollutants in to the atmosphere as they are with the
combustion of fossil fuels. Thus, as a long-term option solar energy system can be
considered as an alternate to all the finite fuel system. Therefore, there is no energy
shortage today nor will there be soon in future. The lifting of water for drinking or
irrigation purposes is of great importance in widely distributed villages with little or no
rural electrification and where underground water is available. Solar energy is converted
to mechanical energy to drive small water pumps it would be of great help to the rural
inhibitions.

In our project we use solar photo voltaic cells for pumping water. The photo
voltaic modules convert sunlight direct to electricity which is used to run a dc motor
pump for bailing of water. It consists of solar photo voltaic modules, power conditioner to
protect storage batteries from over charging during non-sun shine and a dc water pump.

1.3 EXISTING SYSTEM VS PROPOSED SYSTEM

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This technology would facilitate future creation of new urban landscapes athletic fields
with a spectator area, music halls, theatres, nightclubs and a large gathering space for
rallies, demonstrations and celebrations, railway stations, bus stands, subways, airports
etc. This technology would facilitate future creation of new urban landscapes athletic
fields with a spectator area, music halls, theatres, nightclubs and a large gathering space
for rallies.

1.3.1 Existing system

Other people have developed piezo-electric (mechanical-to-electrical) surfaces in the
past, but the Crowd Farm has the potential to redefine urban space by adding a sense of
fluidity and encouraging people to activate spaces with their movement. The Crowd Farm
floor is composed of standard part that are easily replicated but it is expensive to produce
at this stage. This technology would facilitate future creation of new urban landscapes
athletic fields with a spectator area, music halls, theatres, nightclubs and a large gathering
space for rallies, demonstrations and celebrations, railway stations, bus stands, subways,
airports etc. Like Capable Of Harnessing Human Locomotion For Electricity Generation.

1.3.2 Proposed system

Proposal for the utilization of waste energy of foot power with human locomotion is very
much relevant and important for highly populated countries like India and China where
the roads, railway stations, bus stands, temples, etc. are all over crowded and millions of
people move around the clock. This whole human/bio-energy being wasted if can be
made possible for utilization it will be great invention and crowd energy farms will be
very useful energy sources in crowded countries. Walking across a "Crowd Farm," floor,
then, will be a fun for idle people who can improve their health by exercising in such
farms with earning. The electrical energy generated at such farms will be useful for
nearby applications. The creation of new source of perennial environmentally acceptable,
low cost electrical energy as a replacement for energy from rapidly depleting resources of
fossil fuels is the fundamental need for the survival of mankind. We have only about 25
years of oil reserves and 75 – 100 years of coal reserves. Resort to measure beginning of
coal in thermal electric stations to serve the population would result in global elemental
change in leading to worldwide drought and decertification. The buzzards of nuclear
electric-stations are only too will. Now electric power beamed directly by micro-wave for
orbiting satellite. Solar power stations (S.P.S) provide a cost-effective solution even
though work on solar photo voltaic and solar thermo electric energy sources has been

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extensively pursued by many countries. Earth based solar stations suffer certain basic
limitation.

1.4 OVERVIEW OF THE SYSTEM

The field of Mechanical Engineering has a theme word called “CHANGE” as its
backbone. The new technological advancements and the need of the people have made us
think about this project. Nowadays Power plays an important role in our society.
Particularly in India there is huge demand of power for human needs. Our project maiden
venture into the field of power generation. This system would be economic utility at all
places to provide power to the needs of the people in their areas. In this project we are
generating electrical power as non-conventional method by simply walking or running on
the foot step. In construction of foot operated generator project the reciprocal moment is
converted into rotary motion which generates electrical energy. The control mechanism
carries the rack & pinion, D.C generator, battery and Non-conventional energy system is
very essential at this time to our nation. Non-conventional energy using foot step needs
no input power to generate the output of the electrical power. This project using simple
drive mechanism such as rack and pinion assembly and chain drive mechanism is used to
make this project. It is very useful one in the day to day human activities.

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Chapter 2

DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM

2.1 DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS

There are many components used in this system for generating power through foot
step. They are listed below and the description is given in this chapter.

1. Foot step arrangement

2. Shafts

3. Bearings

4. Rack and pinion

5. Chain and sprockets

6. Gear arrangement

7. Spring

8. Bolt

9. Hex nut

10. Dc generator

11. Washer

12. Battery

13. Light Emitting Diode

2.1.1 Foot step arrangement

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This is made up of mild steel. The complete set up is fixed in this model FOOT STEP.
The two L-shapes frame is fixed in the above two ends of the track. Below this l-shapes
window, the actual power generation arrangement is constructed. This L-shapes window
pushes the rack when the time of train wheel moving on this arrangement. This is made
up of mild steel sheet.
It is 2.5mm steel sheet fabricated steel structures of size 991mm x 305mm x
2.5mm. This section is mainly placed in the crowed areas. The two L-shapes frame is
fixed in the above two ends of the track.

2.1.2 Shafts
A shaft is a rotating machine element which is used to transmit power from one place to
another. The various members such as pulleys, bearing, etc. are mounted on the shaft to
transfer the power from one shaft to another. These members along with forces exerted
upon them causes the shaft to bending. It is made up of mild steel. It is a straight rod,
having a step. It is supported by the bearing. A shaft is a rotating machine element which
is used to transmit power.

2.1.3 Bearings
A bearing is machine element which supports another moving machine element. The
moving machine element is known as journal. Bearing permits a relative motion between
the contact surfaces of the members while carrying the load. A certain amount of power is
wasted in overcoming frictional resistance. In order to reduce frictional resistance and
wear and to carry away the heat generated, lubricant may be provided. The lubricant used
is usually a mineral oil refined from petroleum. It is made up of cast iron. All the bearings
are fitted on the machine frame. This is shown in the below fig 2.1

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Fig 2.1 Bearing

2.1.4 Rack and pinion arrangement

Units convert a cylinder’s linear motion to angular rotation that can exceed 360°. The
rotary actuators — with the rack mounted on the rod — are often used in process
industries to operate quarter-turn valves. In addition to rod-type cylinders, other designs
included. Rack and pinion gears are used to convert rotation (From the pinion) into linear
motion (of the rack).
A rack and pinion is a type of linear actuator that comprises a pair of gears which
convert rotational motion into linear motion. The circular pinion engages teeth on a linear
"gear" bar–the rack. Rotational motion applied to the pinion will cause the rack to move
to the side, up to the limit of its travel. Rotational motion applied to the pinion will cause
the rack to move to the side, up to the limit of its travel. The rack and pinion is as shown
in the fig.2.2

Fig 2.2 Rack and pinion arrangement

Rotational motion applied to the pinion will cause the rack to move to the side, up to the
limit of its travel. The rack and pinion is as shown in the fig.2.2

2.3.5 Chain and Sprockets arrangement

Chain drive is a way of transmitting mechanical power from one place to another. It is
often used to convey power to the wheels of a vehicle, particularly bicycles and
motorcycles. It is also used in a wide variety of machines besides vehicles. Most often,
the power is conveyed by a roller chain, known as the drive chain or transmission chain,

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passing over a sprocket gear, with the teeth of the gear meshing with the holes in the links
of the chain. The gear is turned, and this pulls the chain putting mechanical force into the
system.

Fig 2.3 Chain

Another type of drive chain is the Morse chain, invented by the Morse Chain Company
of Ithaca, New York, USA. This has inverted teeth. The chain looks as like the fig 2.3.
Sometimes the power is output by simply rotating the chain, which can be used to lift or
drag objects. In other situations, a second gear is placed and the power is recovered by
attaching shafts or hubs to this gear. Though drive chains are often simple oval loops,
they can also go around corners by placing more than two gears along the chain; gears
that do not put power into the system or transmit it out are generally known as idler-
wheels. By varying the diameter of the input and output gears with respect to each other,
the gear ratio can be altered. Sprockets are used in bicycles, motorcycles, cars, tracked
vehicles, and other machinery to transmit rotary motion between two shafts where gears
are unsuitable or to impart linear motion to a track, tape etc.
A sprocket or sprocket-wheel is a profiled wheel with teeth, cogs, or even
sprockets that mesh with a chain, track or other perforated or indented material. The
name 'sprocket' applies generally to any wheel upon which radial projections engage a
chain passing over. It is distinguished from a gear in that sprockets are never meshed
together directly, and differs from a pulley in that sprockets have teeth and pulleys are
smooth. Sprockets are used in bicycles, motorcycles, cars, tracked vehicles, and other
machinery to transmit rotary motion between two shafts where gears are unsuitable or to
impart linear motion to a track, tape etc. Perhaps the most common form of sprocket may
be found in the bicycle, in which the pedal shaft carries a large sprocket-wheel, which
drives a chain, which, in turn, drives a small sprocket on the axle of the rear wheel.

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Sprockets are of various designs, a maximum of efficiency being claimed for each by its
originator.

Fig 2.4 Sprockets

Some sprockets used with timing belts have flanges to keep the timing belt centered.
Sprockets and chains are also used for power transmission from one shaft to another
where slippage is not admissible, sprocket chains being used instead of belts or ropes and
sprocket-wheels instead of pulleys. They can be run at high speed and some forms of
chain are so constructed as to be noiseless even at high speed. A sprocket is a
profiled wheel with teeth that meshes with a chain, track or other perforated or indented
material. It is distinguished from a gear in that sprockets are never meshed together
directly, and differs from a pulley in that sprockets have teeth and pulleys are smooth.
The spring is used to return the inclined step in same position by releasing the load. The
sprockets look like fig 2.5. The pinion shaft is connected to the supported by end
bearings as shown in fig. The larger sprocket also coupled with the pinion shaft, so that it
is running the same speed of pinion. The chain and sprocket arrangement is shown in the
fig 2.5.

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Fig 2.5 Chain and sprockets arrangement

This is used to transfer the rotation force to the smaller sprocket. The smaller sprocket is
running same direction for the forward and reverse direction of rotational movement of
the larger sprocket. This action locks like a cycle pedaling action. The fly wheel and gear
wheel are also coupled to the smaller sprocket shaft. The larger sprocket is coupled to the
small cycle sprocket with the help of chain (cycle).

2.3.6 Gear wheel arrangement

Gears are mechanical parts with cut teeth designed to mesh with teeth on another part so
as to transmit or receive force and motion. Gears are also sometimes called toothed
wheels or cogged wheels or cogs. The cut teeth are also sometimes called cogs. Gears are
positive type drives which are used to transmit motion between two shafts or a shaft and a
component having linear motion, by the meshing of two or more gears. Their definite
velocity ratio is an advantage over other drives in precision machines such as watches
that depend upon an exact velocity ratio. The gear is shown in the below fig 2.6

Fig 2.6 Gear wheel

In cases where driver and follower are in close proximity gears also have an advantage
over other drives in the reduced number of parts required; the downside is that gears are
more expensive to manufacture and their lubrication requirements may impose a higher
operating cost. Gears of differing size are often used in pairs for a mechanical advantage,
allowing the torque of the driving gear to produce a larger torque in the driven gear at
lower speed, or a smaller torque at higher speed. The larger gear is known as a wheel and
the smaller as a pinion. This is the principle of the automobile transmission, allowing
selection between various mechanical advantages.
A vital aspect of two meshed gears is the gear ratio. It is the ratio of their
rotational speeds. A gearbox is not an amplifier or a servomechanism. Conservation of
energy requires that the amount of power delivered by the output gear or shaft will never
exceed the power applied to the input gear, regardless of the gear ratio. Work equals the

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product of force and distance therefore the small gear is required to run a longer distance
and in the process is able to exert a larger twisting force or torque, than would have been
the case if the gears were the same size. There is actually some loss of output power due
to friction. The gearwheel section is attached with the dynamo though the coupling.

2.1.7 Spring
It is defined as an elastic body whose function is to distort when loaded and to recover its
original shape when load is removed. It absorbs or control energy either due to shocks or
due to vibrations. In this project spring plays an important role for reverse action. That
means the upward motion is gained by the spring deflection. . It absorbs or control energy
either due to shocks or due to vibrations. In this project spring plays an important role for
reverse action. The material of the spring is mild steel. And it is as shown in fig 2.7.

Fig 2.7 springs

2.1.8 Bolt
A screw, or bolt, is a type of fastener, typically made of metal, and characterized by a
helical ridge, known as a male thread (external thread) or just thread, wrapped around a
cylinder. Some screw threads are designed to mate with a complementary thread, known
as a female thread (internal thread), often in the form of a nut or an object that has the
internal thread formed into it. Other screw threads are designed to cut a helical groove in
a softer material as the screw is inserted. The most common uses of screws are to hold
objects together and to position objects. A screw will almost always have a head on one
end which contains a specially formed shape that allows it to be turned, or driven, with a
tool. Common tools for driving screws include screwdrivers and wrenches. The head is
usually larger than the body of the screw, which keeps the screw from being driven
deeper than the length of the screw and to provide a bearing surface. The cylindrical
portion of the screw from the underside of the head to the tip is known as the shank; it

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may be fully threaded or partially threaded. The distance between each thread is called
the "pitch". The majority of screws are tightened by clockwise rotation, which is termed a
right-hand thread; a common mnemonic device for remembering this when working with
screws or bolts is "righty-tightly, lefty- loosely."
Screws with left-hand threads are used in exceptional cases. For example, when
the screw will be subject to counter clockwise torque (which would work to undo a right-
hand thread), a left-hand threaded screw would be an appropriate choice. The left side
pedal of a bicycle has a left-hand thread. More generally, screw may mean any helical
device, such clamp, a micrometer, a ship's propeller or an Archimedes' screw water pump.
It can see as shown in fig 2.8.

Fig 2.8 Bolt

2.1.9 Hex nut

A nut is a type of fastener with a threaded hole. Nuts are almost always used opposite a
mating bolt to fasten a stack of parts together. The two partners are kept together by a
combination of their threads' friction, a slight stretch of the bolt, and compression of the
parts. In applications where vibration or rotation may work a nut loose, various locking
mechanisms may be employed:
Adhesives, safety pins or lock wire, nylon inserts, or slightly oval-shaped threads. The
most common shape is hexagonal, for similar reasons as the bolt head - 6 sides give a
good granularity of angles for a tool to approach from (good in tight spots), but more
(and smaller) corners would be vulnerable to being rounded off. Also it takes only 1/6th
of a rotation to obtain the next side of the hexagon and grip is optimal

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Fig 2.9 .Hex nut

However polygons with more than 6 sides do not give the requisite grip and polygons
with less than 6 sides take more time to be given a complete rotation. Other specialized
shapes exist for certain needs, such as wing nuts for finger adjustment and captivates for
inaccessible areas. Nuts are graded with strength ratings compatible with their respective
bolts; for example, an ISO property class 10 nut will be able to support the bolt proof
strength load of an ISO property class 10.9 bolts without stripping. Likewise, an SAE
class 5 nut can support the proof load of an SAE class 5 bolt, and so on. A wide variety of
nuts exists, from household hardware versions to specialized industry-specific designs
that are engineered to meet various technical standards. The hex nut is as shown in the
below fig 2.9.

2.1.10 DC Generator
In electricity generation, an electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy
to electrical energy. The reverse conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy is
done by a motor, motors and generators have many similarities. The gear wheel is
coupled to the generator shaft with the help of another gear wheel. The generator is used
here, is permanent magnet D.C generator. The generated voltage is 12Volt D.C.

2.3.11 Washer
A washer is a thin plate (typically disk-shaped) with a hole (typically in the middle) that
is normally used to distribute the load of a threaded fastener, such as a screw or nut.
Other uses are as a spacer, spring (Belleville washer, wave washer), wear pad, preload
indicating device, locking device, and to reduce vibration (rubber washer). Washers
usually have an outer diameter (OD) about twice the width of their inner diameter (ID).
Washers are usually metal or plastic.

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High quality bolted joints require hardened steel washers to prevent the loss of
pre-load due to Brandling after the torque is applied. Rubber or fiber gaskets used in taps
(or faucets, or valves) to stop the flow of water are sometimes referred to colloquially as
washers; but, while they may look similar, washers and gaskets are usually designed for
different functions and made differently. Washers are also important for preventing
galvanic corrosion, particularly by insulating steel screws from aluminum surfaces. The
origin of the word is unknown; the first recorded use of the word was in 1346, however
the first time its definition was recorded was in 1611. A washer looks like fig 2.10 shown
below

Fig 2.10 Washer

2.1.12 Battery
An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with
external connections provided to power electrical devices such as flashlights, smart
phones, and electric cars. When a battery is supplying electric power, its positive terminal
is the cathode and its negative terminal is the anode. The terminal marked negative is the
source of electrons that will flow through an external electric circuit to the positive
terminal. When a battery is connected to an external electric load, a redox reaction
converts high-energy reactants to lower-energy products, and the free-energy difference is
delivered to the external circuit as electrical energy. Historically the term "battery"
specifically referred to a device composed of multiple cells, however the usage has
evolved to include devices composed of a single cell. Batteries come in many shapes and
sizes, from miniature cells used to power hearing aids and wristwatches to small, thin
cells used in smart phones, to large lead acid batteries used in cars and trucks, and at the
largest extreme, huge battery banks the size of rooms that provide standby or emergency
power for telephone exchanges and computer centers. The D.C voltage is stored to the
Lead-acid 12 Volt battery. The battery is connected to the inverter. This inverter is used to
convert the 12 Volt D.C to the 230 Volt A.C. This 230 Volt A.C voltage is used to activate
the light, fan and etc. By increasing the capacity of battery and inverter circuit, the power
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rating is increased Battery cell consists of five major components, electrodes-anode and
cathode, separators, terminals, electrolyte and a case or enclosure.

Fig 2.11 Battery

Battery cells are grouped together into a single mechanical and electrical unit called a
battery module. These modules are electrically connected to form a battery pack which
powers the electronic drive system. The battery used in this system is shown in the fig
2.11.

2.1.13 Light Emitting Diode

The longer lead is the anode (+) and the shorter lead is the cathode (&minus). In the
schematic symbol for an LED (bottom), the anodes on the left and the cathode is on the
right. Light emitting diodes are elements for light signalization in electronics. The
internal construction of a LED is as shown in the fig 2.12.

Fig 2.12 LED light

They are manufactured in different shapes, colors and sizes. For their low price, low
consumption and simple use, they have almost completely pushed aside other light
sources- bulbs at first place.

2.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Foot step Rack and Dc

arrangement pinion and Generator
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sprocket
arrangement
FOOT STEP POWER GENERATION

Load Inverter Battery

Fig 2.13 block diagram

The complete diagram of the power generation using FOOT STEP is given above. L-
shapes window is inclined in certain small angle which is used to generate the power. The
pushing power is converted into electrical energy by proper driving arrangement. The
rack & pinion, spring arrangement is fixed at the FOOT STEP which is mounded bellow
the L-shapes window. The spring is used to return the inclined L-shapes window in same
position by releasing the load. The pinion shaft is connected to the supporter by end
bearings as shown in fig. The larger sprocket also coupled with the pinion shaft, so that it
is running the same speed of pinion. The larger sprocket is coupled to the small cycle
sprocket with the help of chain (cycle). This larger sprocket is used to transfer the
rotation force to the smaller sprocket. The smaller sprocket is running same direction for
the forward and reverse direction of rotational movement of the larger sprocket. This
action locks like a cycle pedaling action. The fly wheel and gear wheel is also coupled to
the smaller sprocket shaft. The flywheel is used to increase the rpm of the smaller
sprocket shaft. The gear wheel is coupled to the generator shaft with the help of another
gear wheel.

The generator is used here, is permanent magnet D.C generator. The generated
voltage is 12Volt D.C. This D.C voltage is stored to the Lead-acid 12 Volt battery. The
battery is connected to the inverter. This inverter is used to convert the 12 Volt D.C to the
230 V A.C. This working principle is already explained the above chapter. This 230 Volt
A.C voltage is used to activate the light, fan and etc. By increasing the capacity of the
battery and the inverter circuit, the power rating is increased. This arrangement is fitted in

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the footsteps and complete arrangement is kept inside the floor level except the pushing
arrangement.

2.3 WORKING PRINCIPLE

When force is applied on the plate by virtue on stamping on the plate the force spring
gets compressed. Due to this the rack moves vertically down. The pinion meshed with
the rack gear results in circular motion of the pinion gear. For one full compression the
pinion moves one semicircle, when the force applied on the plate released the pinion
reverses and moves another semicircle. The intermediate gear with more number of teeth
will rotate as a result of motion of pinion.

The generator attached to the intermediate will obtain the rotating motion, hence results
in the sinusoidal waveform (for single Generator).

Fig: 2.14 block diagram of foot step generation

The obtained voltage is passed through Ac neutralizer in order to reduce the ripples that
are produced due to uneven motion of generator. From here the power is stored directly in
12V lead acid battery. So the 12V D.C is connected to the inverter to convert it into 230
A.C. Now the voltage obtained is used for small applications. The display unit takes
signal from battery and converts it into digital signal by ADC and transfers its data to
microcontroller. The voltage signal thus obtained will be displayed in LCD display.

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2.4 SPECIFICATIONS OF COMPONENTS

Rack

Length, l = 240mm

Thickness, T = 17mm

Module, m = 1.6mm

Pinion

Outer diameter, O.D = 60mm

Inner diameter, I.D = 20mm

Width, = 25mm

Module, = 1.6mm

Addendum = 1.6mm

Dedendum = 2mm

Tooth Thickness = 2.513mm

Working Depth = 3.2mm

Pitch diameter = 38mm

Spring

Free length, l = 120mm

Inner diameter, I.D = 32mm

Outer diameter, O.D = 36mm

Number of turns, n = 10

Wire diameter, W.D = 2mm

Big Sprocket Wheel

Inner diameter, I.D = 20mm

Outer diameter, O.D = 135mm

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Number of teeth, n = 32 no’s

Small Sprocket wheel

Inner diameter, I.D = 20mm

Outer diameter, O.D = 30 mm

Number of teeth, n = 16 no’s

Shaf

Outer diameter, O.D = 20mm

CHAPTER – 3

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

3.1 ADVANTAGES

 Reliable, Economical, Eco-Friendly.

 Less consumption of Non- renewable energies.

 Excellent linearity over their dynamic range

 Wide frequency range, high frequencies can be measured

 Compact yet highly sensitive

 No moving parts - long service life

 Self-generating - no external power required

 Great variety of models available for nearly any purpose

 Integration of the output signal provides velocity and displacement

 This is a Non-conventional system

 Power generation is simply walking on the step

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 Power also generated by running or exercising on the step.

 Battery is used to store the generated power

 No need fuel input

 Energy available all year round.

3.2 DISADVANTAGES
 Care should be taken for batteries.

 Mechanical moving parts are more.

 Only applicable for the particular place.

 Initial cost of this arrangement is high.

3.3 APPLICATIONS

This technology would facilitate the future creation of new urban landscapes, athletic
fields with a spectator area, music halls, theatres, nightclubs and a large gathering space
for rallies, demonstrations and celebrations, railway stations, bus stands, subways,
airports etc. like capable of harnessing human locomotion for electricity generation.
Power generation using foot step can be used in most of the places such as colleges,
schools, cinema theatres, Shopping complex and many other buildings.

CONCLUSION

Thus this is a promising technology to provide efficient solution to power crisis to

affordable extent. This will be the most acceptable means of providing power to the
places that involves difficulties in transmission. Moreover, jumping across a power
producing platform then will be fun for idle people. They can also improve their health
by exercising in such platforms with earning. This can be used for many applications in
rural areas where power availability is less or totally absence. As India is a developing
country where energy management is a big challenge for huge population. By using this

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project, we can drive D.C Loads according to the force. In concluding the words of our
project, since the power generation using foot step get its energy requirements from the
Non-renewable source of energy. There is no need of power from the mains and there is
less pollution in this source of energy. It is very useful to the places all road sand as well
as all kind of foot step which is used to generate the non- conventional energy like
electricity. It is able to extend this project by using same arrangement and construction
the footsteps/speed breaker so that increase the power production rate by fixing school
and colleges, highways etc.

REFERENCES

http://www.academia.com

 http://www.wikipedia.com

 http://www.wineyard.in

 https://www.slideshare.net/ansarimasroof/foot-step-power-generationreport-
pdf-70007526

 https://acadpubl.eu/jsi/2017-116-13-22/articles/19/88.pdf

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