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DESIGNERS' GUIDES TO THE EUROCODES

DESIGNERS' GUIDE TO EUROCODE 3:

DESIGN OF STEEL BUILDINGS
EN 1993-1-1, -1-3 and -1-8

Second ed ition

LEROY GARDNER and DAVID A. NETHERCOT

Imperial College London, UK

Series editor
Haig Gulvanessian
Contents

Preface v
General v
Layout of this guide v
Acknowledgements v

Introduction 1
Background to the Eurocode programme 1
Status and field of application of Eurocodes I
National standards implementing Eurocodes 2
Links between Eurocodes and product-harmonised technical specifications
(ENs and ETAs) 2
Additional information specific to EN 1993-1 2
UK National Annex for EN 1993-1-1 3
Reference 3

Chapter 1 General 5
1.1. Scope 5
1.2. Normative references 6
1.3. Assumptions 6
1.4. Distinction between Principles and Application Rules 6
1.5. Terms and definitions 6
1.6. Symbols 6
1.7. Conventions for member axes 6

Chapter 2 Basis of design 9

2.1. Requirements 9
2.2. Principles of limit state design 9
2.3. Basic variables 10
2.4. Verification by the partial factor method 10
2.5. Design assisted by testing 10
References 10

Chapter 3 Materials 11
3.1. General 11
3.2. Structural steel 11
3.3. Connecting devices 12
3.4. Other prefabricated products in buildings 12

Chapter 4 Durability 13
References 15

Chapter 5 Structural analysis 17

5.1. Structural modelling for analysis 17
5.2. Global analysis 18
5.3. Imperfections 21
5.4. Methods of analysis considering material non-linearities 21
5.5. Classification of cross-sections 22
Example 5.1: cross-section classification under combined bending and
compression 28
5.6. Cross-section requirements for plastic global analysis 29
References 30
 Designers' Guide to Eurocode 3: Design of Steel Buildings, 2nd ed.

Chapter 6 Ultimate limit states 31

6.1. General 31
6.2. Resistance of cross-sections 31
Example 6.1: tension resistance 38
Example 6.2: cross-section resistance in compression 40
Example 6.3: cross-section resistance in bending 41
Example 6.4: shear resistance 45
Example 6.5: cross-section resistance under combined bending and shear 48
Example 6.6: cross-section resistance under combined bending and
compression 52
6.3. Buckling resistance of members 56
Example 6.7: buckling resistance of a compression member 61
Example 6.8: lateral torsional buckling resistance 71
Example 6.9: member resistance under combined major axis bending and
axial compression 78
Example 6.10: member resistance under combined bi-axial bending and
axial compression 86
6.4. Uniform built-up compression members 94
References 98

Chapter 7 Serviceability limit states 101

7.1. General 101
7.2. Serviceability limit states for buildings 102
Example 7.1: vertical deflection of beams 103
References 104

Chapter 8 Annex A (informative) - Method 1: interaction factors k ij for interaction

formula in clause 6.3.3(4) 105
Reference 107

Chapter 9 Annex B (informative) - Method 2: interaction factors k ij for interaction

formula in clause 6.3.3(4) 109
Reference 111

Chapter 10 Annex AB (informative) - additional design provisions 113

10.1. Structural analysis taking account of material non-linearities 113
10.2. Simplified provisions for the design of continuous f100r beams 113

Chapter 11 Annex BB (informative) - buckling of components of buildings structures 115

11.1. Flexural buckling of members in triangulated and lattice structures 115
11.2. Continuous restraints 115
11.3. Stable lengths of segment containing plastic hinges for
out-cf-plane buckling 116
References 117

Chapter 12 Design of joints 119

12.1. Background 119
12.2. Introduction 119
12.3. Basis of design 119
12.4. Connections made with bolts, rivets or pins 120
12.5. Welded connections 124
12.6. Analysis, classification and modelling 127
12.7. Structural joints connecting H- or I-sections 128
12.8. Structural joints connecting hollow sections 129
References 130

Chapter 13 Cold-formed design 131

13.1. Introduction 131
13.2. Scope of Eurocode 3, Part 1.3 132

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13.3. Material properties 132

13.4. Rounded corners and the calculation of geometrie properties 133
13.5. Local buckling 133
Example 13.1: calculation of seetion properties for local buckling 135
13.6. Distortional buckling 137
13.7. Torsional and torsional-flexural buckling 140
Example 13.2: cross-section resistance to distortional buckling 141
Example 13.3: member resistance in compression (checking flexural,
torsional and torsional-flexural buckling) 146
13.8. Shear lag 148
13.9. Flange curling 148
13.10. Web crushing, crippling and buckling 148
References 149

Chapter 14 Actions and combinations of actions 151

14.1. Introduction 151
14.2. Actions 151
14.3. Fundamental combinations of actions 152
Reference 156

Index 157