CHEM & PROC TECH

Chemical & Process Technology

OIL & GAS TECH
Search HEAT & EXCH TECH
GEN TECH
Web Chem & Proc Tech
A place to share knowledge, lesson learnt...
Chemical Process Technology
HOME ARCHIVE LINK FREE MAGAZINES
Continue to learn tips, knowledge and
experience about Chemical Process
Heat in Air A Fire Safety Device Oxygen
Technology...
Hot Posts
Pressure Relief Valve (PRV) has been widely use in
overpressure protection of pressure containment
Enter your email address:
Monday, August 31, 2009
equipment. Regardless of vessel/column/drum/tank
designed in accordance to any pressure vessel code
Estimate Mixture Flammability & Explosivity At e.g. ASME, JIS, BS, GB, etc,...
Reference P & T How to apply valve equation in HYSYS
Subscribe Depressuring ?
High pressure and moderate/low temperature operation
CLOSE WINDOW
FOLLOW ME FREE Info
Fly from Pune to Kolkata Free Newsletter

From Rs.2,882
Free Magazine
Search
Latest Posts
Fly from Kolkata to Pune Minimum Oxygen
Concentration

From Rs.2,879 Search (MOC) for Flare

Purge...
Emerging
Fly from Mumbai to Kolkata Technologies to
Monetize Small
From Rs.3,284 Search
Enter your email
Natural Ga...
Inert Gas or Fuel
Display problem ? Click HERE address: Gas For Flare
Purge ?
Recommended :
Survey on Making
- Subscribe FREE - Chemical Engineering
CE More Interesting
- Tips on Succession in FREE Subscription Subscribe
Estimating Heat
Lower flammable limit (LFL) or Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) is Loss from Buried
minimum vapor concentration in air which a mixture will burn when SUPPORT This Site Pipe
an ignition source is present. Upper flammable limit (UFL) or
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) is maximum vapor concentration in FREE Chemical
air which a mixture will burn when an ignition source is present. Engineering Digital
Concentration of mixture of vapor in air below LFL/LEL (too lean) or Issue for Aug 20...
above UFL/UEL (too rich), mixture will not burn even an ignition Relate Heat
source is present. Therefore, flammable range or explosive range is Radiation Level and
concentrations between LFL/UFL and UFL/UEL. Temperature

Component LEL & UEL Personnel

LFL/LEL and UFL/UEL for some common gases are indicated in Exposure Time For
table below. Some of the gases are commonly used as fuel in combustion processes. Heat Radiation
Heat Radiation For
(LFL/LEL) (UEL/UFL) Pain & Blistering
Fuel Gas
(%) (%) Threshold
Acetaldehyde 4 60 Pneumatic Test
Acetone 2.6 12.8 Failure in
Mississippi Pipeline
Acetylene 2.5 81 Pro...
Ammonia 15 28
Arsine 5.1 78
Links
Benzene 1.35 6.65 Chem & Proc tech

n-Butane 1.86 8.41 Oil & Gas tech

iso-Butane 1.80 8.44 Heat Exch tech
iso-Butene 1.8 9.0 Gen Tech
Butylene 1.98 9.65 Webworm DC
Carbon Disulfide 1.3 50 Chemical and
Carbon Monoxide 12 75 Process
Engineering
Cyclohexane 1.3 8
Cyclopropane 2.4 10.4 Chemical
Engineering World
Dimethyl Ether 3.4 27
Smart Process
Diethyl Ether 1.9 36 Design
Ethane 3 12.4
ChEng
Ethylene 2.75 28.6
Ethylene Oxide 3.6 100 Visitors
Ethyl Alcohol 3.3 19
(Since Apr. 21,2007)
Ethyl Chloride 3.8 15.4
1 users online
Fuel Oil No.1 0.7 5 You might also like
Hydrogen 4 75
Archives
Isobutane 1.8 9.6
April 2007
Isopropyl Alcohol 2 12
May 2007
Gasoline 1.4 7.6
Kerosine 0.7 5 June 2007
 Methane 5 15 July 2007
Methyl Alcohol 6.7 36 August 2007
Methyl Chloride 10.7 17.4 September 2007
Methyl Ethyl Ketone 1.8 10
October 2007
Naphthalene 0.9 5.9
November 2007
n-Heptane 1.0 6.0
December 2007
n-Hexane 1.25 7.0
n-Pentene 1.65 7.7 January 2008

Neopentane 1.38 7.22 February 2008

Neohexane 1.19 7.58 March 2008
n-Octane 0.95 3.20 April 2008
iso-Octane 0.79 5.94 May 2008
n-Pentane 1.4 7.8 June 2008
iso-Pentane 1.32 9.16 July 2008
Propane 2.1 10.1
August 2008
Propylene 2.0 11.1
September 2008
Silane 1.5 98
October 2008
Styrene 1.1 6.1
Toluene 1.27 6.75 November 2008

Triptane 1.08 6.69 December 2008

p-Xylene 1.0 6.0 January 2009
February 2009
Note : The limits indicated are for component and air at 20oC and atmospheric
March 2009
pressure.
April 2009
Mixture LFL/LEL & UFL/UEL
A mixture is combustible / flammable within mixture LFL/LEL and UFL/UEL. Common units May 2009
for both limits is mole (or volume) percent fuel in air [moles fuel/(moles fuel + moles air)]. A June 2009
mixture LFL/LEL and UFL/UEL limits can be calculated using the equations first proposed
by Le Chatelier in 1891 : July 2009
August 2009
September 2009
October 2009
November 2009
December 2009
January 2010
February 2010
March 2010
April 2010
May 2010
June 2010
July 2010
August 2010
September 2010
October 2010
November 2010
December 2011
July 2012
August 2012
Example
A vapor contains of 20 vol% of Methane (C1), 20 vol% of Ethane (C2) and 60 vol% of
Propane (C3). Find LEL of this mixture at 20 degC and Atmospheric pressure (101325
kPaA).

LELC1 = 5 vol% at 20 degC & 101.325 kPaA

LELC2 = 3 vol% at 20 degC & 101.325 kPaA
LELC3 = 2.1 vol% at 20 degC & 101.325 kPaA

LELMix = 1 / [ 0.2/5 + 0.2 / 3 + 0.6 / 2.1 ]

LELMix = 2.55 vol% at 20 degC & 101.325 kPaA

Above LEL may be linked to MOC as discussed in "Minimum Oxygen Concentration

(MOC) for Flare Purge". Vapor mixture flammability & explosivity at Operating P & T
discussed in this post.

Related Topic
• Inert Gas or Fuel Gas For Flare Purge ?
• Nitrogen Purging - What are the factors you need to consider ?
• Personnel Exposure Time For Heat Radiation You might also like
• Heat Radiation For Pain & Blistering Threshold
• Fire related topics...
• Flare related topics...

Labels: Fire, Safety

 posted by Webworm, 2:16 AM

0 Comments:
Post a Comment
Let us know your opinion !!! You can use some HTML tags, such as <b>, <i>, <a>

Enter your comment...

Comment as: durjoycool@gmail.com

 (Google) Sign out

Publish Preview Notify me

Subscribe to Post Comments [Atom]

Links to this post:

Create a Link

Home:
<< Home

Ammonia Card Status Acetone Acetylene

© 2008-2010 Chemical & Process Technology | Design by Webworm

You might also like

Coolie’s 11-year-old son will die of can…
Ketto