Ideological Movements of the 19th Century

1. liberalism 7. constitutionalism 13.communism

2. radicalism 8. humanitarianism 14. capitalism
3. utopian socialism 9. monarchism 15. Marxism
4. Chartism 10. conservatism 16. thesis, antithesis,
5. conservatism 11. Nationalism and synthesis
6. individualism 12. anarchism 17. Romanticism
18. totalitarianism

1. _________________ The theory that government and social institutions are

oppressive and unnecessary and society should be based on voluntary
cooperation between individuals.
2. _________________ The first large scale European working-class political
movement. It sought political reforms that would favor the interests of skilled
British workers in the 1830s and 1840s.
3. _________________ The theory of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that history
is the result of class conflict, which will end in the inevitable triumph of the
industrial proletariat over the bourgeoisie and the abolition of private property
and social class.
4. _________________ The theory associated with Jeremy Bentham that the
principle of utility, defined as the greatest good for the greatest number of
people, should be applied to the government, the economy, and the judicial
system.
5. _________________ Early nineteenth-century theories that sought to replace
the existing capitalist structure and values with visionary solutions or ideal
communities.
6. _________________ Support for the established order in church and state. In
the 19th century, it implied support for legitimate monarchies, landed
aristocracies, and established churches. Conservatives favored only gradual, or
“organic,” change.
7. _________________ In the 19th century, support for representative government
dominated by the propertied classes and minimal government interference in
the economy.
8. _________________ The belief that one is part of a nation, defined as a
community with its own language, traditions, customs, and history that
distinguish it from other nations and make it the primary focus of a person’s
loyalty and sense of identity.
9. _________________ A reaction in early-19th century literature, philosophy, and
religion against what many considered the excessive rationality and scientific
narrowness of the Enlightenment.