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BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

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 Trade unions do the following:

◦ Protect employees from employer unjust


treatment in terms of unfair pay, bad working
conditions, poor managers or supervisors
(language or PR) etc.

◦ Promote legitimate interests of people especially


in political affairs and social affairs.

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A trade union is an organization of employees
whose aims are to promote and protect
workers’ interests at the workplace.
This is achieved mainly through collective
bargaining.
In Tanzania, the principle legislation on trade
unions is contained in the Employment and
Labour Relations Act 2004 Supplement.
Registration particulars for Trade Unions are
described in the Act in Part IV Sections 45-58

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 To make provisions for core labour rights
 To establish employment Standards
 To provide a framework for collective
bargaining
 To provide for the prevention and settlement
of disputes

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 Its financial independence
 The assistance it receives from the employer
such as offices, premises, extra time, etc.
 The amount of employer intervention in its
activities
 The type of rules established by the union to
run it.
 The Trade Unions’ attitude towards
negotiations and the recorded performance in
this respect, etc.

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 Employee relations is the formal and
informal relationships between managers
and the managed people.

It is concerned with every aspect of relationship


between employers and employees.

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 Contractual obligations between employer and
employee
 Policy and practice of communication between
employer and employee
 Participative decision making between employer and
employee
 Joint problem-solving between employer and employee
 Collective bargaining among employees
 Individual grievance and disciplinary policy and practice
 Social responsibility of employer
 Employer development prospects
 Social welfare of employees

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Employers’
Courts Government Association
and and its Representatives
Tribunals Agencies

Employer-Employee
Relations

Individual Trade Managers


Employees Unions

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 Employers are interested in making business
 In collective bargaining employers are
represented by officials in their employer’s
associations with the following aims;
◦ Represent employers in collective bargaining
◦ Develop means to avoid disputes with employees
◦ Inform employers on employee relations matters
and advice accordingly
◦ Represent employers at National level

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 Formal communication between employer
and employees is a two-way process and it is
very important because;
◦ It reduces misunderstandings which may come
from day-to-day activities
◦ It enhances trust between employers and
employees

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 The three important communication media
between employer and employees are;
◦ Written media: This is used when detailed
information is to be given. Notice boards, booklets,
newsletters, etc., can be used.
◦ Oral media: The spoken word is used in formal
communication. It may be briefing groups, joint
meeting between managers and employees, joint
consultation between managers and employees.
◦ Electronic media: E-mail is widely used nowadays
together with internet.

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It is concerned with employer-employee
relationships by means of collective
bargaining through trade unions.

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It involves collective contracts or agreements
between employee representatives through
trade unions and the management
representing the employer.

Collective bargaining is the process whereby


procedures are jointly agreed, wages and
conditions of employment are settled by
negotiations.

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4.4.2 FEATURES INDICATED BY WAY OF
COLLECTIVE BARGAIN:

 Emphasis on collective action.

 Concerned with rule making and settlement


of employment conditions.

 The aim is to eventually reach agreement.

 Non conflict of interest is assumed.

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 E, P & CE = Economic, Political and
Competitive Environment.
 LF - S&P = Legal Framework – Statutes
and Procedures.
 E&ER = Employers and Employers’
Representatives.
 TUR = Trade Union Representatives.
 Substantive Issues are the terms and
conditions of employment
 Procedural Issues are the rules, rights and
procedures.

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 Recognition gives trade unions the following
legal rights:

◦ Right to information for the purpose of collective


bargaining.
◦ Right to time off for the purpose of doing collective
bargaining
◦ Right to appoint safety representatives.

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Trade union representatives and their
management counterpart hold discussions

 at local or site level,


 company level,
 industry-wide level and
 national level.

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Two main types of agreements.

 Substantive agreements.

 Procedure agreements.

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 The formal written agreements which contain
the terms of employment.
 We have discussed these terms;
◦ Wages, bonus/incentives, working hour changes,
holiday entitlement, sick payment arrangements,
pension arrangements, staffing levels, productivity
improvements, etc.

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The formal, written procedures which act as
voluntary code of conduct for both managers
and trade union representatives.
These include, recognition of trade unions,
trade union regulations, representation,
defining the subjects for substantive
bargaining, developing procedures to handle
industrial disputes, developing procedures to
handle grievances, defining rules to declare
redundancies, arrangements to collect trade
union subscriptions, etc.

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Management decision Settlement Published Trade Union decision
strategy/objectives e.g. Supplemented and strategy/objectives e.g.
employee relations monitored Unionisation
Pay policy Pay conditions

Assess bargain
Assess bargain Agreed power
power settlement

Decide tactics Formal negotiation Decide tactics

Analyse claim and Initial negotiations Prepare and


prepare answer submit union’s
claims

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