Aplicatia 2

Pe calea sudata exista o intrerupere cu doua panouri de cate 15m fiecare. Temperatura de
fixare a zonei respective este de 20 °C . Rosturilede fixare a caii, λ , au fost de cate 10 mm.
Sase stabileasca la ce temperatura se inchid rosturilede dilatatie si de asemenea la ce
temperatura se deschid la maxim 20mm rosturile de dilatatie.
Pentru rezolvare se vor folosi diagramele de eforturi axiale

Date de calcul

Sina tip 60
daN
E ≔ 2.1 ⋅ 10 6 ――
cm
−5 mm
α ≔ 1.15 ⋅ 10 ―――
mm ⋅ °C
daN
p≔7 ――――
cm ⋅ fir.sina
lPT ≔ 1500 cm lp ≔ 1500 cm

R ≔ 5000 daN

tf ≔ 20 °C

λCFJ ＝ λc ＝ λl ＝ 10 mm

A ≔ 76.86

I. La ce temperatura se inchid rosturile de dilatatie ?

Tinand seama de existenta celor doua panouri pentru calculu temperaturii la care se inchid rosturile
se va proceda astfel:

1. Se stabileste temperatura la care se inchid rosturile marginale λCFJ

2. Se stabileste dimensiunea rostului central λc dupa inchiderea rosturilor marginale
3. Se stabileste temperatura la care se inchide rostul central λc

1. Stabilirea temperaturii la care se inchid rosturile marginale λCFJ

La prima cresterede temperatura, rosturile marginale sunt direct proportionale cu suprafata

diagramei aferente ΩM

ΩM ΩC
ΛCFJ ＝ ―― ΛC ＝ ――
E⋅A E⋅A

∆N − R
∆N ＝ R + p ⋅ lr => lr ＝ ―――
p

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 Asa cum reiese din diagrama alaturata se scrie ΩM ca suprafata :

|
lr ⎛⎝∆N1 − R⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝∆N1 − R⎞⎠ − p ⋅ lp lp
ΩM ＝ ⎛⎝∆N1 − R⎞⎠ ⋅ ―+ ―――――――――― ⋅― |
2 2 2 | 2
⎛⎝∆N1 − R⎞⎠ 2 ⎛⎝∆N1 − R⎞⎠ − p ⋅ lp lp
|=> ΩM ＝ ――――+ ―――――― ⋅―
∆N − R | 2 2 2
lr ＝ ―――
p |

2
1 2 lp p ⎛ lp ⎞
ΩM ＝ ―― ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
⋅ ⎝∆N1 − R⎠ + ―⋅ ⎝∆N1 − R⎠ − ―⋅ ⎜―⎟ |
2p 2 2 ⎝2⎠
|
| 2
|=>1 2 lp p ⎛ lp ⎞
―― ⋅ ⎛⎝∆N1 − R⎞⎠ + ―⋅ ⎛⎝∆N1 − R⎞⎠ − ―⋅ ⎜―⎟ − E ⋅ A ＝ 0
ΩM 2p 2 2 ⎝2⎠
――＝ 1 cm => ΩM − E ⋅ A ＝ 0 |
E⋅A |

2
1 2 lp p ⎛ lp ⎞
―― ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
⋅ ⎝∆N1 − R⎠ + ―⋅ ⎝∆N1 − R⎠ − ―⋅ ⎜―⎟ − E ⋅ A ＝ 0
2p 2 2 ⎝2⎠

x ＝ ∆N1 − R

2
1 lp p ⎛ lp ⎞ solve ⎡ 42862.462003102688863 ⎤
―― ⋅ x 2 + ―⋅ x − ―⋅ ⎜―⎟ − E ⋅ A ＝ 0 ―― →⎢ daN
2p 2 2 ⎝2⎠ ⎣ −53362.462003102688863 ⎥⎦

∆N1.1 − R ＝ 42862.462 daN => ∆N1.1 ≔ R + 42862.462 = 47862.462 daN ∆N1 ≔ ∆N1.1

∆N1.2 − R ＝ −53362.462 daN => ∆N1.2 ≔ R − 53362.462 = −48362.462 daN

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cresterea efortului axial datorat cresterii temperaturii pentru inchiderea rosturilor marginale

∆N1 ＝ α ⋅ E ⋅ A ⋅ ∆t1 relatia se foloseste pentru a determina temperatura la care se inchid rosturile
marginale

∆N1
∆t1 ≔ ――― = 25.79 °C
α⋅E⋅A

∆t1 ＝ tinchidere.CFJ − tf => tinchidere.CFJ ≔ ∆t1 + 20 = 45.79 °C

tinchidere.CFJ - temperatura la care se inchid rosturile marginale;

2. Stabilirea dimensiunii rostului central λc , dupa inchiderea rosturilor marginale:

ΩC
∆ΛC ＝ ――
E⋅A

Folosind diagrama anterioara, exprimam aria ΩC :

lp lp
⎛⎝∆N1 − R⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝∆N1 − R⎞⎠ − p ⋅ ― 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝∆N1 − R⎞⎠ − p ⋅ ―
2 lp 2 lp ⎛ lp ⎞ lp
ΩC ＝ 2 ⋅ ―――――――――― ⋅ ―＝ 2 ⋅ ――――――― ⋅ ―＝ ⎜2 ⋅ ⎛⎝∆N1 − R⎞⎠ − p ⋅ ―⎟ ⋅ ―
2 2 2 2 ⎝ 2⎠ 2

lp ⎛ l p ⎞ ⎛ lp ⎞ ⎛ lp ⎞ 2
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
ΩC ＝ 2 ⋅ ―⋅ ⎝∆N1 − R⎠ − p ⋅ ⎜―⎟ ⋅ ⎜―⎟ ＝ lp ⋅ ⎝∆N1 − R⎠ − p ⋅ ⎜―⎟ | ⎛ lp ⎞ 2
2 ⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠ | ⎛ ⎞
lp ⋅ ⎝∆N1 − R⎠ − p ⋅ ⎜―⎟
|=> ∆ΛC ≔ ―――――――― ⎝2⎠
ΩC E⋅A
∆ΛC ＝ ―― |
E⋅A |

∆ΛC = 0.3739 cm

Dimensiunea rostului central dupa cresterea temperaturii ca a inchis rosturile marginale va fi :

ΛC ＝ 1 + 0.3739 ＝ 1.3739 cm ΛC ≔ 1.3739 cm

ΛC ≔ 1 − ∆ΛC = 0.626 cm valoarea ΛC pentru a se inchide la maxim rostul central

3. Stabilirea temperaturii la care se inchide rostul central , λc

O data cu cresterea temperaturii la valoarea ∆t2 efortual axial general inchide rostul central
λc .

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 Se exprima suprafata diagramei Ω se imparte dupa cum urmeaza:

⎛1 ∆N2 ⎞ ⎛ ∆N2 ⋅ lp ⎞ ⎝⎛∆N2⎠⎞ 2

Ω ＝ 2 ⋅ ⎜―⋅ ∆N2 ⋅ ―― ⎟ + 2 ⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ ＝ ―――+ lp ⋅ ∆N2 | ⎛⎝∆N2⎞⎠ 2
⎝2 2p ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2p | ――― + lp ⋅ ∆N2
2 p
|=> ――――――＝ 0.626
Ω | E⋅A
ΛC ＝ ――＝ 0.626
E⋅A |

⎛⎝∆N2⎞⎠ 2 ⎛⎝∆N2⎞⎠ 2
――― + lp ⋅ ∆N2 ＝ 0.626 ⋅ E ⋅ A => ――― + lp ⋅ ∆N2 − 0.626 ⋅ E ⋅ A ＝ 0
2p 2p

Se rezolva ecuatia de gradul 2 cu necunoscuta ∆N2

⎛⎝∆N2⎞⎠ 2 solve ⎡ −49548.843568023880725 ⎤

――― + lp ⋅ ∆N2 − 0.626 ⋅ E ⋅ A ＝ 0 ―― →⎢
2p ⎣ 28548.843568023880725 ⎥⎦

Se alege valoarea pozitiva => ∆N2 ≔ 28548.843 daN

∆N2
∆N2 ＝ α ⋅ E ⋅ A ⋅ ∆t2 => ∆t2 ≔ ――― = 15.381 °C
α⋅E⋅A

Deschiderea rostului central se face la urmatoarea temperatura:

∆t2 ＝ tinchiderec.C − tinchidere.CFJ => tinchidere.C ≔ ∆t2 + tinchidere.CFJ

∆t 15.381 °C
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∆t2 = 15.381 °C
|
tinchidere.CFJ = 45.786 °C |
|=> tinchidere.C = 61.17 °C temperatura la care se inchid
tinchidere.C ≔ ∆t2 + tinchidere.CFJ | rosturile panourilor
|

II. La ce temperatura se deshid rotuirle de dilatatie la 20 mm

Etape de lucru:

1. Se stabileste temperatura la care se deschid rosturile marginale λCFJ =20mm

2. Se stabileste dimensiunea rostului central λC dupa deschiderea rosturilor marginale
3. Se stabileste temperatura la care se deschide rostul central λC

Determinarea temperaturii pentru care se deschid rosturile marginale λCFJ =20mm

ΩM ΩC
ΛCFJ ＝ ―― ΛC ＝ ――
E⋅A E⋅A

∆N − R
∆N ＝ R + p ⋅ lr => lr ＝ ―――
p

Se descompune suprafata ΩM :

|
lr ⎛⎝∆N1 − R⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝∆N1 − R⎞⎠ − p ⋅ lp lp
ΩM ＝ ⎛⎝∆N1 − R⎞⎠ ⋅ ―+ ―――――――――― ⋅― |
2 2 2 | 2
⎛⎝∆N1 − R⎞⎠ 2 ⎛⎝∆N1 − R⎞⎠ − p ⋅ lp lp
|=> ΩM ＝ ――――+ ―――――― ⋅―
∆N − R | 2 2 2
lr ＝ ―――
p |

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 2
1 2 lp p ⎛ lp ⎞
ΩM ＝ ―― ⋅ ⎛⎝∆N1 − R⎞⎠ + ―⋅ ⎛⎝∆N1 − R⎞⎠ − ―⋅ ⎜―⎟ |
2p 2 2 ⎝2⎠
|
| 2
|=>1 2 lp p ⎛ lp ⎞
―― ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
⋅ ⎝∆N1 − R⎠ + ―⋅ ⎝∆N1 − R⎠ − ―⋅ ⎜―⎟ − E ⋅ A ＝ 0
ΩM 2p 2 2 ⎝2⎠
――＝ 1 cm => ΩM − E ⋅ A ＝ 0 |
E⋅A |

x ＝ ∆N1 − R
2 daN
1 2
lp p ⎛ lp ⎞ solve ⎡ 42862.462003102688863 ⎤
―― ⋅ x + ―⋅ x − ―⋅ ⎜―⎟ − E ⋅ A ＝ 0 ―― →⎢
2p 2 2 ⎝2⎠ ⎣ −53362.462003102688863 ⎥⎦

∆N1.1 − R ＝ 42862.462 daN => ∆N1.1 ≔ R + 42862.462 = 47862.462 daN ∆N1 ≔ ∆N1.1

∆N1.2 − R ＝ −53362.462 daN => ∆N1.2 ≔ R − 53362.462 = −48362.462 daN

∆N1 ＝ α ⋅ E ⋅ A ⋅ ∆t1 relatia se foloseste pentru a determina temperatura la care se deschid

rosturile marginale

∆N1
∆t1 ≔ ――― = 25.79 °C
α⋅E⋅A

∆t1 ＝ tf − tdeschidere.CFJ => tdeschidere.CFJ ≔ tf − ∆t1 = −5.79 °C

tdeschidere.CFJ - temperatura la care se inchid rosturile marginale;

2. Stabilirea dimensiunii rostului central λC dupa dechiderea rosturilor marginale

ΩC
∆ΛC ＝ ――
E⋅A

Folosind diagrama anterioara, exprimam aria ΩC :

lp lp
⎛⎝∆N1 − R⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝∆N1 − R⎞⎠ − p ⋅ ― 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝∆N1 − R⎞⎠ − p ⋅ ―
2 lp 2 lp ⎛ lp ⎞ lp
ΩC ＝ 2 ⋅ ―――――――――― ⋅ ―＝ 2 ⋅ ――――――― ⋅ ―＝ ⎜2 ⋅ ⎛⎝∆N1 − R⎞⎠ − p ⋅ ―⎟ ⋅ ―
2 2 2 2 ⎝ 2⎠ 2

lp ⎛ l p ⎞ ⎛ lp ⎞ ⎛ lp ⎞ 2
ΩC ＝ 2 ⋅ ―⋅ ⎛⎝∆N1 − R⎞⎠ − p ⋅ ⎜―⎟ ⋅ ⎜―⎟ ＝ lp ⋅ ⎛⎝∆N1 − R⎞⎠ − p ⋅ ⎜―⎟ | ⎛ lp ⎞ 2
2 ⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠ | lp ⋅ ⎛⎝∆N1 − R⎞⎠ − p ⋅ ⎜―⎟
|=> ∆ΛC ≔ ―――――――― ⎝2⎠
ΩC E⋅A
∆ΛC ＝ ―― |
E⋅A |

∆ΛC = 0.3739 cm

Dimensiunea rostului central dupa cresterea temperaturii ca a inchis rosturile marginale va fi :

ΛC ＝ 1 + 0.3739 ＝ 1.3739 cm ΛC ≔ 1.3739 cm

Λ 1 ∆Λ 0.626 valoarea Λ pentru a se deschide la maxim rostul central

-6-
 ΛC ≔ 1 − ∆ΛC = 0.626 cm valoarea ΛC pentru a se deschide la maxim rostul central

3. Stabilirea temperaturii la care se deschide rostul central, ΛC

La o scadere suplimentara a temperaturii cu valoarea ∆t2 , eforutl axial suplimentar ∆N2

va deschide rostul central
Variatia rostului central λc de la valoarea rezultata prin deschiderea rosturilor marginale
pana la deschiderea acetuia, coresp raportului dintre supraf diagramei Ω SI produsul
dintre modulul de elasticitate si aria sinei
Ω
ΛC ＝ 0.626 ＝ ――
E⋅A

Se exprima suprafata diagramei Ω se imparte dupa cum urmeaza:

⎛1 ∆N2 ⎞ ⎛ ∆N2 ⋅ lp ⎞ ⎛⎝∆N2⎞⎠ 2

Ω ＝ 2 ⋅ ⎜―⋅ ∆N2 ⋅ ―― ⎟ + 2 ⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ ＝ ―――+ lp ⋅ ∆N2 | ⎛⎝∆N2⎞⎠ 2
⎝2 2p ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2p
| ――― + lp ⋅ ∆N2
2 p
|=> ――――――＝ 0.626
Ω | E⋅A
ΛC ＝ ――＝ 0.626
E⋅A |

⎛⎝∆N2⎞⎠ 2 ⎛⎝∆N2⎞⎠ 2
――― + lp ⋅ ∆N2 ＝ 0.626 ⋅ E ⋅ A => ――― + lp ⋅ ∆N2 − 0.626 ⋅ E ⋅ A ＝ 0
2p 2p

Se rezolva ecuatia de gradul 2 cu necunoscuta ∆N2

⎛⎝∆N2⎞⎠ 2
――― + lp ⋅ ∆N2 − 0.626 ⋅ E ⋅ A ＝ 0
2p
x ＝ ∆N2
x2 solve ⎡ −49548.843568023880725 ⎤
―― + lp ⋅ x − 0.626 ⋅ E ⋅ A ＝ 0 ―― →⎢
2p ⎣ 28548.843568023880725 ⎥⎦
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 Se alege valoarea pozitiva => ∆N2 ≔ 28548.843 daN

∆N2
∆N2 ＝ α ⋅ E ⋅ A ⋅ ∆t2 => ∆t2 ≔ ――― = 15.381 °C
α⋅E⋅A
Deschiderea rostului central se face la urmatoarea temperatura:

∆t2 ＝ tdeschidere.CFJ − tdeschidere.C => tdeschidere.C ≔ tdeschidere.CFJ − ∆t2

∆t2 = 15.381 °C
temperatura la care se
tdeschidere.C = −21.166 °C deschid rosturile panourilor

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